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ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

VOLUME XV II I

;7 N

': A

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

VOLUME XVIII.

wooos

HOL_E=1,

PRINTED FOR THE

TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
BY ADLARD & SON & WEST NEWMAN, LTD., LONDON.

1921.

TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

The Right Hon. JOEN XAVIER MERRIMAN, P.O., M.L.A.
SIR THOMAS MUIR, Kt., C.M.G., L.L.D., F.E.S., F.R.S.E.
The Hon. JOHN WILLIAM JAGGEK, M.L.A., F.R.Stat.S.

SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN

MUSEUM.

Louis ALBERT PERINGUEY, D.Sc., F.Z.S., F.E.S., Director.

KEPPEL HARCOURT BARNARD, M.A., F.L.S, Assistant Director and Assistant in

Charge of Fish & Marine Invertebrate Collections.

ARTHUR LEWIS HALL, B.A., Keeper of the Geological and Mineralogical Collections.
RICHARD WILLIAM ETHELBERT TUCKER, M.A., Assistant in Charge of Arthropoda

(Insects excluded).
STAR GARABEDIAN, B.A., Assistant in Charge of Botanical Collections.

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

C P. ALEXANDER. PAGE

The Crane-flies of South Africa in the South African Museum (Diptera,

Tipulidae). Part 2 181

A New Genus and Species of Tanyderidae (Peringueyomyina barnardi)

in the South African Museum (Diptera) . . 231

C. AUEIVILLIUS.

Descriptions of some South African Heterocera (Lepidoptera) . . . 235

M. BEX/I.

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera) as represented in

the South African Museum 1

F. Ris.

The Odonata or Dragonflies of South Africa . . 245

T. R. R. STEBBING.

South African Crustacea (Part II of S. A. Crustacea for the Marine

Investigations in South Africa) ... 453

INDEX OF NEW GENERIC AND SUBGENERIC NAMES
INTRODUCED IN THIS VOLUME.

Acrodisca n.sg. (Exoprosopa, Bombyliidae) Bezzi
Cymatopacha n.g. (Lasiocampidae) Aurivillius . . .

Gnumyia n.g. (Bombyliidae) Bezzi

Gonarthrus n.g. (Bombyliidae) Bezzi . . 88 & 477

Goniotipula n.g. (Tipulidae) Alexander .
Idiotipula n.g. (Tipulidae) Alexander. .
Limnophilomyia n.sg. (Limnophila, Tipulidae) Alexander

Maxillotlirix n.g. (Xanthidae) Stebbing 45K

Metapenta n.sg. (Exoprosopa, Bombyliidae) Bezzi ... . 139 & 477

Notiothemis n.g. (Libellulidae) Ris .

Oestranthrax n.g. (Bombyliidae) Bezzi - 130 & 477

Oniromyia n.g. (Bombyliidae) Bezzi 71

Pantostomus n.g. (Bombyliidae) Bezzi . 474

Paraphlebs n.g. (Notodontidae) Aurivillius . . . 240

Parathosea n.g. (Limacodidae) Aurivillius .
Peringueyomyina n.g. (Tanyderidae) Alexander .
Poecilarctia n.g. (Arctiidae) Aurivillius . . .

Pseudempis n.g. (Bombyliidae) Bezzi

Pteraulax n.g. (Bombyliidae) Bezzi

Pterobates n.sg. (Exoprosopa, Bombyliidae) Bezzi . . . 149 & 478

Sosdomyia n.g. (Bombyliidae) Bezzi

Synthesia n.g. (Bombyliidae) Bezzi

Trichiurana n.g. (Lasiocampidae) Aurivillius ....
Tricbotnmicra n.sg. (Trimicra, Tipulidae) Alexander .

DATE OF ISSUE OF THE PARTS.

Part 1, February 21th, 1921.
Part 2, March 21tb, 1921.
Part 3, September 16th, 1921.
Part 4, December 6th, 1921.

37230

LIST OF PLATES.

PLATE

Bombylius mutilatus n.sp.
Bombylius capensis Lin.
Bombylius megaspilus n.sp.
Bombylius punctatellus n.sp.
Bombylius pentaspilus n.sp.
Bombylius peringueyi n.sp.
Bombylius hirticeps n.sp.

I. <( Systoechus scrabrirostris n.sp.

Anastoechus rubricosus Wied.
Eurycarenus sessilis n.sp.
Dischistus plumipalpis n.sp.
Sosiomya comata n.sp.
Oniromya pachycerata Big.
Coreomyza pennipes Wied.
Callynthrophora magnifrons n sp.
Megapalpus nitidus Macq.
Gonarthrus cygnus Big.
Pseudempis heteroptera Wied.
Peringueyimya capensis Big.
Pteraulax flexicornis n.sp.
Petrorossia vinula n.sp.
Spongostylum muticum n.sp.
Thyridanthrax calochromatus n.sp.

II. Thyridanthrax ternarius Bez.
Litorrhynchus maurus Thunb.
Exoprosopa pentala Macq.
Exoprosopa offuscata n.sp.
Exoprosopa neurospila n.sp.
Exoprosopa nemesis Fabr.
Exoprosopa capensis Wied.
Exoprosopa dilata n.sp.

\ Hyperalonia coleoptrata n.sp.
Dicranomyia gardineri Edw.
I Rhipidia miosema (Speiser).

III. < Dicranomyia confusa n.sp.

/ Geranomyia (Monophana) subimmacu-lata n.sp.
Limnophila spectabilis n.sp.

List of Plates. ix

PLATE

Limnophila natalensis n.sp.
Limnophila nox n.sp.
Eriocera capensis n.sp.
Eriocera humilis n.sp.

III. Erioptera claripennis n.sp.
Gonomyia sulpburelliodes n.sp.
Molopliilus eriopteroides n.sp.
Gonomyia flaveola n.sp.
Gonomyia mimetica n.sp.

Dolicbopeza (Trichodolichopeza) aurantiaca n.sj.

Idiotipula confluens n.g. et sp.

Habromastix africana n.sp.

Tipula cinereilinea n.sp.

Tipula rubronigra n.sp.

Tipula frater n.sp.

IV. { Habromastix jonesi n.sp.

Platylimnobia pumila n.sp.

Gonomyia mimetica n.sp.

Idiotipula confluens n.g. et sp.

Habromastix africana n.sp.

Tipula frater n.sp.

Tipula jocosa Alex.
( Hernianax epbippiger Burm.
( Metacbemis valida Selys.

Libellula fulva Mull.

Calopteryx virgo Linn.
VT Iscbnura elegans Vanderl.

Libellago caligata Selys.

Thaon iridipennis Burm.

Lestes plagiatus Burm.

Chlorolestes conspicua Selys.

Ghlorolestes peringueyi n.sp.

Oblorolestes fasciata Burm.

Cblorolestes tessellata Burm.
VII. Cblorolestes kmgicauda Burm.

Allocnemis leucosticta Selys.

Chlorocnemis marshalli n.sp.

Disparoneura nmtata Selys.

Metacnemis valida Selys.

Pseudagrion natalense n.sp.

Podogompbus praetorius Selys.

Mesogomphus cognatus Ram bur.

Crenigomphus hartmanni Forster.

Onycbogompbus supinus Selys.

Ceratogomphus pictus Selys.

Cynacantha manderica Grunb.

Aescbna subpupillata MacL.

List of Plates.

PLATE

VIII.

IX.

X.

XI.

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.
XX.

Anaciaeschna triangulifera MacL.

Macromia picta Selys.

Podogomphus praetorius Selya.

Mesogomplnis liageni Selys.

Mesogomphus elpidius n.sp.

Mesogomphus cognatus Rambur.

Crenigomphus hartmanni Forster.

Onychogomplius supinus Selys.

Ceratogomphus pictus Selys.

Macromia picta Selys.

Macromia thetis n.sp.

Macromia clymene n.sp.

Orthetrurn stemmale capense Calv.

Palpopleura lucia Drury.

Palpopleura jucunda Rambur.

Hemistigma albipuncta Rambur.

Hemistigma albipuncta Rambur.

Acisoma panorpoides ascalaphoides Rambu:

Crocothemis sanguinolenta Burm.

Sympetrurn fonscolombei Selys.

Trithemis distanti Kirby.

Rhyothemis mariposa Ris.

Rhyothemis semihyalina Desj.

Urothemis edwardsi Selys.

Lestes virens Charp.

Platycuemis pennipes Pallas.

Gomphus pulchellus Selys.

Anax imperator Leacli.

Orthetrum cancellatum Linn.

Sympetrurn striolatum Charp.

Eurynome elegans n.sp.

Maxillothrix actaeiformis n.g. et sp.

Eucrate affiniB Hasw.

Pachygrapsus polyodous n.sp.

Ebalia glomus n.sp.

A. Nursia postulans n.sp.

B. Nursia scandens Stebb.
Eudromia hendersoni n.sp.
Penaeus longicorms (Olivier).

INDEX OF GENERA.

A.

Achaeopsis
Acisoma
Acrodisca
Actaea
Adelidea
Aeschna
Agriocnemis
Allocnemis
Anaciaeschna
Anastoeclius
Anax

PAGE

453
. . . H)7
... 139
. . . 455
. . . 470
361
... 335
... 289
... 365
46
... 367

D.

Defilippia
Dicranomyia ....
Diplacodes
Dischistus
Disparoneura ....
Dolichopeza ....

E.
Ebalia

PAGE

144

.... 181
... 409
.... 56
.... 293
.... 211

459

Antheua ....

240

Elephantomyia . . .

. 188

Anthrax
Apolysis
Arbelodes
Arsna

121, 168
102
. 243
... 438

Enallagma
Enocera
Erioptera
Eucrate

.... 317
.... 210
. . 190
. . 458

Atarba

... 187

Eudromia

.... 462

B.

Beralade

236

Eurycarenus ....
Eurynome
Exoprosopa ....

. . .55, 16C
.... 454
138, 169, 476

Blastus
Bombycopsis ....

... 454
... 237

.

Bombylius

. 6, 469

A 1 R

Galene
Geranornyia

456
.... 184

BracL.yth.emis ....

4:lO

41 A

Geron . ...

98, 167

Bradinopyga

^rlt

Glocia ....

... 237

Gnuniyia

. . 82

C.

Gonartlirus

. 88, 473

Callynthrophora ....
CeratogomphuB . . .

80
. . . 354

Goniotipula .
Gonomyia .
Gynacantlia

213

. 197
.... 358

Ceriagnon

. 314

Chalcostephia
Chlorocnemis
Chlorolestes

404

. . . 291
. . . 279
236

H.
Habromastix

218

203

Helolliemis

... 419

Corsomyza ....

. 73, 473

Hemianax

. . 372

Crenigomphus . . . .

... 350

Hemistigma

. 405

Crocidiurn

... 92

Henica

. 109

CrocotliGiois

... 410

Hyperalonia

.... 163

Cvmatonar.ha .

238

Hvoerusia .

S4. 167, 473

XII

Index of Genera.

I.

PAGE

Id inns .

Idiotipula

Ischnura

220
333

L.

Lestes ... 268

Libellago . . 261

Limnobia 1 s '

Lininophila 203

Limnophilomyia . 208

Litorrnynchua . . . . J3i, 1 > >

Lomatia Ill

Longurio .... 214

M.

Macromia 37.")

Marmarophlegma . .

Maxillothrix . i"' 1 ;

Megapalpua 85

Mesogomphus . . 343
Mctacneinis
Metapenta . .
Molophilus .

N.

Nephrotoma 227

Nomalonia 1' "

Notiothemis . . .

Nursia 461

0.

Oestranthrax 130, 1,2

Olpogastra . . 430

Oniromyia .

Onychogomphus .... . 3-52

Orimargula . . ,

Orthetrum . 391

P.

I'achygrapsus ... .... 458

Pachypasa 238

Palpopleura .... ... 401

Pantala 431

Pantostomus 474

Paraphlebs. . . 240

Parathosea . . 242

Penaeus . 4H3

PAHE

Peringueyimyia 109

Peringueyomyina 232

Petrorossia 119, 168

Phaon 264

Philonomon ... .... 418

Phthiria 96

Platylainbrus 455

Platylimnobia 196

Podogomphus 341

Podoneura l'-'7

Poecilarctia 235

Porpax . . l"i'>
Pseudagnon ... .297

Pseudempis 94

Pseudomacromia 428

Pteraulax 117

Pterobates . . .... 149

R.

Rhipidia

Rhyothemis

L84

132

S.

Sosiomyia

. . . . i>7, 47(i

Spongostyluni . . .
Sympetrum . . .
Syntuesia

124, MS
417
130

Systoechus ....
Systropus ....

. . . .36, 166
. . . 102, 171

Tetliriamanta 437

Thyridanthrax . 132, KiS, 172, 474

Tipula . . 222

Tomomyza 474

Toxophora 105, 167

Tramea 434

Trentepohlia . 201

Trichiurana 236

Trichotrimicra 195

Trimicra 194

Trithemis . 420

U.

Urothemis 435

V.

Villa. 126

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

(VOL. XVIII.)

1. On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Dipteral) as represented
in the South African Museum. By Prof. M. BEZZI.

(With Plates I and II.)

SINCE the publication of H. Loew's general treatment of the family
Bombyliidae in his classical work of 1860 on the South African
Dipterous Fauna,* no other paper has appeared dealing especially
with this group of flies, which seems, however, to be plentifully
represented in that country.

In the old publications of Linnaeus, Fabricius, Thuuberg and
Olivier, as also in the earliest papers of Wiedemaun on the insects of
the Cape (1818-1819), and even in the general works of Wiedemann,
Macquart and Walker, there are numerous species described, most of
which had not been recorded subsequently. In addition, after 1860
many other new forms have been added by Adams, Bigot, Hermann,
Karsch, Loew, Eicardo, Rornani, Schiner, Walker, Westwood, etc.
But all these descriptions are scattered, often hardly accessible, and
by no means arranged systematically ; therefore a general survey of
the subject seems to be not devoid of importance.

It was then with the greatest pleasure that I received through the
kindness of Dr. L. Peringuey the very rich collection of South African
Bombyliidae in the South African Museum. At the same time I had
already before me extensive collections of Ethiopian Bombyliidae from

* " Die Dipteren-Fauna Siidaf rikas," ' Abhand. Naturw. Ver. fur Sachs und
Thuring in Halle/ Berlin, 1860.

1

2 An-nali* of the Mouth African Museum.

the British Museum, and others from the Hungarian Museum at
Budapest. To these collections I have added the species received from
the Albany Museum, Grahamstowu, and those sent me by Dr. Brauns
of Willowinore (Cape). This large amount of material enables me to
give here a general review of the group, and to describe many new
genera and species.

The collection contains a number of species determined by Bigot,
who had prepared a paper on the Diptera sent him from the Cape by
Dr. Peringuey.* Most of these species have never been published; but
many of them were evidently classified from Mac-quart's types in
Bigot's collection. For instance there is a type of Lasioprosopa biyoti,
Macquart, 1855, described from Oceania, which is none other than
Corsomyra olyripes, as already stated by Schiner, who had received
the species from Macquart himself ; this important synonymy has not
been as yet recorded in the catalogues.

The Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa, as compared with that of
the remainder of the Ethiopian region, shows some peculiar characters,
which make it at once recognisable.

Firstly thei'e is a large number of purely endemic genera, such as
Adelidea, Crocidium, Nomalonia, Peringueyimyia, and some new ones
Sosiomyia, Oniromyia, Pseudempis and Ptcr"laj-. But the main
characteristic is the presence of the genera Corsomyra and Callyn-
Ihrophora, which, with their now known 10 species, are exclusively
South African ; they represent certainly an endemic line of develop-
ment which is no doubt adapted to some special characters of endemic
flowers, to which they are adapted for pollination, as shown by their
extraordinary facial brush. Very characteristic among the important
genera is the great number of the species of Bombylius a genus which
is most sparingly represented in Central Africa ; eminently peculiar
are some groups of species, like that of the allies of Bombylius
micans, and that of B. lateralis and bivittatus. The related genera
Systoech/is, Anastoech/is and Dischistus comprise also characteristic
species, chiefly those of the two first-named genera, which are very
close to those of the group of Bombylius micans. Lomatia has a good
series of peculiar forms, very often remarkable for their great size.
In the genera Anthrax and Spongostylum peculiar specific forms are
scarce, and so are likewise those included in the genera TJiyridanthrax,
Villa and Litorrhynchus. Against this a great number of characteristic-
species is to be found in Exoprosopa, some subgeuera of which, like
Metapenta and Acrodisca, and also groups, like those of heros,
senici'lus, capensis, etc., are exclusively or pre-eminently South

* Quoted by Bigot himself in ' Ann. Soc. Ent. France,' 4, xi, 1S92, p. 371.

On /lie lioinliylUJ. Fauna <>f South Africa (Dipiera). 3

African. Poor in representatives is the genus Hyperalonia, which
for a long time was believed to be absent from the Cape Fauna.

The classification of the family will be dealt with by me in my forth-
coming general work on the Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian region in
the British Museum ; the classification has recently made great
progress through the valuable contribution of my friend Th. Becker,
'Genera Bomb yliidarum,' 1913, in which he recognised no less than
fifteen subfamilies.

I give here a synoptic table of the groups and of the genera
represented in the collection of the South African Museum.

1 (54). Hind border of the eyes not indented, or very rarely with a deep

sinuosity only (Eurycarcnus) ; eyes without a bisecting- line.

2 (47). Occiput flat, not bilobate above and without a central cavity ;

occipital fringe typically placed at the border of the eyes.

3 (46). Prothorax less developed and not especially setose.

4 (45). Metasternum not specially developed ; hind legs not specially strong ;

eyes of the females separated ; body rather broad and more or less
pilose.

5 (22). Tibiae with 3 rows of long spicules ; proboscis long; palpi single-

jointed ; metapleurae usually hairy ; body bristly.

i) (21). Abdomen broad, of oval or rotund shape; antennae approximate
together at base (Boinbyliinae).

1 (16). First posterior cell closed at end ; metapleurae usually hairy.

8 (15). Hind border of the eyes absolutely entire; first posterior cell closed
by the third longitudinal vein ending at costa ; wings with a well-
developed basal comb.

it (12). First basal cell longer than the second.

10 (11). Three submarginal cells present . . . Triplasius, Loew.

11 (10). Two submarginal cells present . . . Bombylius, Loew.

12 (9). First basal cell not longer than the second.

13 (14). Face prominent and moderately pilose; discoidal cell as in the

preceding genus ..... Systoechus, Loew.

14 (13). Face rounded and more densely pilose ; discoidal cell very obtuse at

end ....... Anastoechus, O.S.

15 (8). Hind border of the eyes with a deep sinuosity; first posterior cell

closed by the fourth longitudinal vein ending at costa; basal comb
small or wanting ..... Eurycarenus, Loew.

16 (7). First posterior cell open; wings with no distinct basal comb;

metapleurae iisually bare.

17 (18). Only two submarginal cells present . . Dischistus, Loew.

18 (17). Three submarginal cells present.

19 (20). Third antennal joint quite bare above . . Adelidea, Macq.

20 (19). Third antennal joint beset with long hairs above

Sosiomyia, gen. nov.

21 (6). Abdomen narrow and cylindrical; antennae separated at base

(Cythercinae) .... Oniromyia, gen. nov

4 AiniaJfs of tJie South African Museum.

"22 (5). Tibiae bare or only pilose, destitute of spicules disposed in rows ; but
if the spieules are sometimes distinct, then the palpi are 2-jointed ;
body not bristly.

2'3 (32). Cubital fork very broad ; if it is rather narrow, then the body is
shoi-t and broad (Uriinae).

24 (29). Body very pilose; squanmlae with a long fringe; plumula usually

distinct ; face provided with a more or less distinct circular brush.

25 (28). Proboscis long; third antenna! joint dilated at end; facial brush

well developed.

26 (27). First antennal joint more or less elongate, but always of a cylindrical

shape ; antennae placed near the tipper border of the facial brush

Corsomym, Wied.

27 (26). First antennal joint short and swollen; antennae placed near the

middle of the facial brush . . Callynthropliora, Schin.

28 (25). Proboscis shorter than the mouth-opening ; third antennal joint

linear ; facial brush less distinct ; antennae placed near the upper
border of the facial convexity . . . Gnumyia, gen. nov.

29 (24). Body almost bare ; squamulae with a short fringe or nearly bare;

face destitute of circular brush.

30 (31). Antennae inserted near the mouth, with a thick third joint.

Hyperusia, Be//ci.

31 (30). Antennae set far from the mouth, with a slender third joint; palpi

long and thin ..... Megapalpus, Macq.

32 (23). Cubital fork narrow ; if it is rather broad, then the body is narrow

and elongate (Phthiriinae).

33 (40). Ambient vein complete.

34 (39). Four posterior cells present ; palpi 2-jointed.

35 (36). Cubital fork broad ; anal cell open ; tibiae with three rows of distinct

spieules ...... Gonarthrus, Bezzi.

36 (35). Ciibital fork narrow; anal cell closed; tibiae without or with less

distinct spieules.

37 (38). Face hairy ; third antennal joint longer than the first ; eyes of the

male united ..... Crocidium, Loew.

38 (37). Face bare ; third antennal joint shorter than the first ; eyes of the

male separate ... . Apatomyra, Wied.

39 (34) Three posterior cells only ; palpi single-jointed ; first antennal joint

longer than the third . . . . Pseudoxmictits, Big.

40 (33). Ambient vein incomplete, ending at apex of the anal vein.

41 (42) . Four posterior cells present ; discoidal cell complete ; face bare ; third

antennal joint with a lateral stype apically ; palpi single-jointed.

Phthiria, Meig.

42 (41). Three posterior cells only.

43 (44). Discoidal cell closed; third antennal joint acute at end, with a ter-

minal style ; palpi single-jointed .... Geron, Meig.

44 (43). Discoidal cell open ; third antennal joint obtuse at end, with a lateral

style ; palpi 2-jointed .... Apolysis, Loew.

45 (4) . Metasternum exceedingly developed ; hind legs very strong and long ;

eyes coalescing in both sexes or nearly so ; body bare and narrow ;
wings and abdomen pedunculate (Systropinae) . Systropus, Wied.

<>n tin' Iinii<l>i/Iiii! Fdinni of SoufJi Afrii-n (Diptera).

46 (3). Prothorax much developed and beset with strong bristles (Toxo-

phorinae) .... Toxophora, Meig.

47 (2). Occiput prominent, bilobato above, with a central cavity, and with

the fringe placed at the border of this cavity (Cylleniinae).

48 (53). Ocelli well developed ; metapleurae bare.

4! l (52). Second longitudinal vein not recurrent; first posterior cell open;
three submarginal cells present.

50 (51). A marginal cell only . . . Nomalonia, Bond.

51 (50). Three marginal cells . Henica, Macq.

52 (49). Second longitudinal vein recurrent; first posterior cell closed; two

submarginal cells ..... Penngueyimyia, Big.

53 (48) Ocelli not distinct ; metapleurae hairy . . Tomomyra, Wied.

54 (1) Hind border of the eyes indented-; eyes with a more or less distinct

bisecting line ; occiput always prominent and bilobate above.

55 ((30). Origin of the second longitudinal vein beginning before the middle

cross- vein, and usually at acute angles with it (Lomatiinae).

56 (59). Origin of the second longitudinal vein acute and distant from the

middle cross-vein.

57 (58). Middle cross-vein placed much beyond the middle of the discoidal

cell ; eyes of the male separate ; two submarginal cells.

Lomatia, Meig.

58 (57). Middle cross-vein a little before the middle of the discoidal cell;

eyes of male united ; three submarginal cells . Pteraulax, gen. nov.

59 (o(j). Second longitudinal vein originating at an obtiise angle and rather

near to the middle cross-vein . . . Petrorossia, Bezzi.

60 (55). Origin of the second longitudinal vein quite opposite to the middle

cross-vein, or nearly so (but a little before it in the gen. Synt&esia).

61 (64). Third antenna! joint with a pencil of hairs at end; squarrmlae with

hairy fringe ; metapleurae bare (Anthracinae).

62 (63). Third antennal joint broader than the second, and with a produced

margin ; wings with a broad black pattern, and often dimidiate.

Anthrax, Scop.

63 (62). Third antennal joint globular, inserted into the cup-shaped second

joint and not broader ; wings only with infuscated spots at cross-
veins and bifurcations .... Spongostylum, Macq.

64 (61). Third antennal joint without terminal pencil of hairs; squamulae

with scaly fringe ; metapleurae hairy (Exoprosoplnae).

65 (72). Two submarginal cells only, or very rarely three; ocelli placed at

vertex or nearly so ; claws usually not toothed.

66 (71). Front tibiae beset with distinct spiciiles; proboscis short, retracted,

with fleshy terminal flaps ; third posterior cell long.

67 ( 70). Face rounded, not prominent, never very convex ; second longitudinal

vein originating quite opposite to the middle cross-vein ; third anten-
nal joint globular, quickly attenuated into a long, thin filiform style.

68 ((59). Mouth-opening developed as usual, like the proboscis; facial plate

short ; thoracical macrochaetae well developed . Villa, Lioy.

69 (68). Mouth-opening very small, with the proboscis rudimentary; facial

plate very long and broad ; no thoracical macrochaetae.

Oestranthrax, Bezzi.

6 Annuls of tin 1 HonfJt African Mu

70 ((57). Face bluntly convex, mther prominent ; second longitudinal vein

originating before the middle cross-vein; third antenna! joint
gradually tapering- into a not thin point ; pnlvilli well developed.

Kynthtsia, gen. nov.

71 (<>0). Front tibiae smooth ; proboscis projecting-; face conically prominent

or at least bluntly convex ; third antennal joint cone-shaped; third

posterior cell often short . . . Thyridanthrax, O.S.

1'2 (65). Three or four submarginal cells ; ocellar tubercle far remote from the

vertex; claws usually with a distinct basal tooth.
78 (76). Three submarginal cells only; claws with a. long- and acute basal

tooth.

74 (75). Face rounded; proboscis longer than the oral cavity, usually very

projecting-; fore tibiae beset with spicules Litori-hijiirhus, Macq.

75 (74'). Face mainly conical; proboscis shorter and less projecting ; fore

tibiae usually smooth . . . Exoprosopa, Macq.

76 (73). Four submarginal cells; claws with a short and obtuse tooth.

Hyperalonia, Kond.

IA- BOMBYLIIDAE.
BOMBVLIIXAE.

BOMBYLJUS, Linne.

Syst. Nairn-., eel. x, p. 228, 1758.

This genus is very abundantly represented in the South African
Fauna. The genus Trii>la#ins, as it was understood by its author in
1855 and 1860 (with the exclusion of the American species added
subsequently), is evidently the same as Bombyliiis, being based only
on the variable character of the three submarginal cells ; at any rate
the type-species T. bivittatvs (which is wanting in the South African
Museum collection) must be considered as congeneric with B. lateralis.

The very numerous South African species in the collection may be
divided in the following traditional groups of higher value:

1 (6). Hind femora spinose at base; antennae approximate at base and
with the first joint not thickened ; wings with a more or less
developed basal comb, often of very large size.

U (5). Eyes of the male united; no strong bristles on head or on fore part
of thorax ; third antennal joint usually short, and not much attenuated
at end; pulvilli more or less biit always well developed; wings with
small basal comb and with the discal coll usually more or less
acute oiitwardly.

3 (4). Hairs of prevalent black colour, at least on abdomen; there
are usually silvery spots of squamose hairs on head, thorax and
abdomen . . . ater Group.

On tin' B<>n/lii/lii<I Fnii mi of South Africa

4 (3). Hairs mostly of yellowish or greyish colour, the black hairs on
abdomen very scarce and limited to the sides or apex; no distinct
silvery spots, or very rarely small ones on the frons alone.

minor Group.

r> (2). Eyes of the male separated, head and fore part of thorax provided
with stron- bristles ; third antennal joint long and very attenuate ;
pulvilli very small, almost wanting; wings with a broad basal
comb and with the discoidal cell very obtuse outwardly, almost
truncate . ..... micmis Group.

(i (1). Hind femora not spinose at base, with long hairs only; antennae
rather distant at base, with the first joint distinctly thickened ;
wings with no distinct basal comb . . . senex Group.

(A) GROUP OF B. ATEE.

Iii this group are included the species which have united eyes in the
male and a narrow frons in the female, no strong bristles on the fore
part of the thorax, and hind femora with strong bristles underneath
near the base. Thev mav be at once distinguished by the prevalent
black colour of the dense furry pubescence under which are very
distinct spots of silvery scales.

This group, however, is a very artificial one, and the following
species maybe divided at least in three natural series : (1) that of
B. Jntt'i-i.!?!* that is to say, the gen. TrijiJasins; (2) that of B. atiaJls
(No. 2) ; and (3) that of B. urnatus (No. 3 to No. 7). The known
South African species may be distinguished as follows :

1 (4). Thorax on each side with a broad and complete whitish stripe ; frons

of female with numerous, long and partly bristly hairs ; wings with
the basal comb long but formed by very thin bristles ; they are
blackish on the fore half, and hyaline with black spots on the posterior
half ; second longitudinal vein rather strongly looped at end.

2 (3). Three submarginal cells usually present ; the dark spots on the hind

half of wings more numerous and confluent . bivitattus, Loew.
:5 (2). Only two submarginal cells present ; hind half of wings with only four

round and isolated dark spots . . . lateral-is, Fabr.

4 (1). Thorax void of whitish lateral stripes; wings without isolated dark

spots; second longitudinal vein less looped at end.
" (10). The black patch at the base of the wings extending to the discal

cross-vein ; alula very long and narrow, black.
> i 7 1. Wings with the basal half equally black, the apical half hyaline;

first posterior cell broad and briefly stalked ; squamae provided with

a silvery fringe ; thorax with yellowish hairs in front.

argentatus, Fabr.
7 Hi). Wings with the basal black patch limited to the fore part, the anal

and axillary cells being in part hyaline ; first posterior cell narrow,

and long-stalked ; squamae with a black fringe ; thorax with entirely

black hairs in front.

8 Annals of the South African Museum.

8 (9). From the basal black part of wing springs an arched brown band,

which is prolonged to the hind border along the sixth longitudinal
vein ....... delicalus, Wied.

9 (8). Wings destitute of such a pattern . . mutilatus, sp. n.

10 (5). The black pattern at the base of the wings very narrow, not

extending over the basal cross-vein.

11 (18). Species of greater size (10-14 mm.), with rather short pubescence,

chiefly in the female, which has, besides, the thorax densely clothed
with white hairs ; discal cross-vein never placed before the middle of
the discoidal cell.

12 (17). Second longitudinal vein straight; discal cross-vein placed on or

after the middle of the discoidal cell ; basal comb strong.

13 (16). Body stout and broad, 12-14 mm. in length ; wings with the black

basal pattern more spread and extended over the alula ; discal cross-
vein after middle.

14 (15). Abdomen black-haired, with a tuft of white hairs at end.

analis, Fabr.

15 (14). Abdomen with a row of fulvous spots along the middle line.

fulvonotatus, Wied.

16 (13). Body slender and narrower, about 10mm. in length; wings almost

hyaline at base, darkened along the fore border to the end of the
costal cell ; discal cross-vein on middle . . acroleucus, sp. n.

17 (12). Second longitudinal vein wavy; discal cross-vein on middle; basal

comb small ; hind femora less spinose ; wings at base yellowish, with
hyaline or whitish alula . . . kilimandjaricus, Speis.

IS (11). Species of smaller size, not reaching 10 mm. in length ; pubescence
longer, even in the female, the latter never densely white pilose
on thorax ; discal cross-vein always before the middle ; wings with
a very small basal comb.

19 (20). Abdomen with a conspicuous tuft of bright fulvoiis hairs on the

central part of the sides .... furiosus, Walk.

20 (19). Abdomen destitute of such tufts on the sides.

21 (22). Thorax and abdomen destitiite of golden-coloured pubescence ; face

with the silvery hairs prevalent ; second posterior cell usually broad
at base and sessile ..... urnatus, Wied.

22 (21). Thorax and abdomen with distinct golden tomentum below the black

hairs, more abundant in the female ; face with the black hairs
prevalent ; second postei'ior cell very narrow at base and sometimes
stalked ...... mtirentris, Macq.

BOMBYLIUS LATERALIS, Fabl'icius.

Syst. Antl., 129, 3, 1805.

An isolated species, very like bivittatiis, but on account of the
bristles of the head and thorax making a passage to the group of
mi cans ; the eyes of the male are coalesced for a short distance, and
the head has the shape of the species of the B. micans group.

On the Bomlnjli'nl Fa mm of South Africa (Dipt era). 9

A male from Howick, Natal; another male from Rondebosch
(Cape), September, 1883, determined as lateral is by Bigot, and a
female from the same locality. Of B. (Triplasius) hivittatus, Loew,
I have received a male from Grahamstown (Cape).

BOMBYLIUS BOMBIFORMIS, Bezz. (ined).

Easily distinguished from the allies of B. analis on account of
the broad, transverse baud of orange hairs across the middle of the
abdomen. Originally described from Rhodesia in my work on the
Ethiopian Bombylidae of the British Museum, there is a specimen
likewise from Rhodesia (Peniba), 1918 (Father Casset).

BOMBYLIUS HAEMORRHOIDALIS, sp. nov.

Almost the same as B. analis, Fabr., but distinguished in being
of greater size, in having a bi'ight fulvous (not white) terminal tuft
on the abdomen, and in the discoidal cell of the wings being acute
outwardly. Type $ , from Mashoualand, Salisbury, 1894 (Gr. A. K.
Marshall). Salisbury (March 20, 1914), R. Jack.

(. Length of the body, 17 mm. ; of the wing, 18 mm. ; of wing-
spread, 45 mm. Head, its appendages and its furry pile exactly as
in analis; thorax, scutellum, squamulae and halteres likewise. The
hairs at end of the abdomen have the same length and extension, but
they are above and below of a bright fulvous colour, with golden
sheen ; in analis they are always of a pure white colour, or there are
only some fulvous hairs at base of the tuft on the ventral side alone.
Legs and wings as in analis ; but the discoidal cell is acute at its
distal end, touching in a point only the second posterior cell, which
is thus almost stalked at base ; in the very numerous specimens of
analis which I have seen there is always a rather long cross-vein
between the above-named cells. Besides, the distinct yellowish tint
of the wings of analis is wanting in the present species.

BOMBYLIUS ACROLEUCUS, sp. nov., $ .

Near B. Icilimandjaricus, and I formerly considered it to be the
female of that species ; but the second longitudinal vein being
straight it belongs to the group of analis, and is to be considered
as a connecting link between this group and that of ornatus, on
account of the elongated body and of the position of the discal
cross-vein.

10 Ami <.i{* of the Smith A/rii-an Museum.

Type ? , a single specimen from Van Wyk's Vlei (Cape).

Length of body, 9'5 mm. ; expanse of wings, 25 mm. Head black,
clothed with dense but short white hairs, with some bristly black-
hairs near the ocelli ; occipital hairs short ; antennae black, shaped
as in analis ; palpi black ; proboscis black, 6 mm. long ; shape and
width of the frons as in a nail*. Thorax black, clothed with dens*-
and short white hairs, but having on the back three distinct
longitudinal stripes of dark hairs ; macrochaetae strong and long,
black, but the longest end in a white point ; mesopleural bristles
well developed, white ; pleurae and breast with hairs altogether white.
Scutellum black, with black hairs and with long black bristles on hind
border. Squamae brown, white-fringed ; halteres black. Abdomen
black and black-haired at base and on middle, with short white hairs
on the sides, and at end with long hairs, black at base and white
at end ; venter with long greyish hairs. Legs entirely black and
black- spiiiose ; pulvilli yellowish ; hind femora beneath with a
complete row of 15-16 strong spines. Wings hyaline, narrowly
blackened at the extreme base and distinctly yellowish-brown to the
end of the costal cell at the fore border ; alula grey, white-fi-inged
behind ; basal comb of middle size, black, with white hairs above.
Wing- veins yellowish, but darkened outwardly ; second longitudinal
perfectly straight ; first posterior cell broad and obtuse at end ; discal
cross-vein on the middle of the discoidal cell, which is rather obtuse
outwardly, its external cross-vein being almost as long as the discal
cross-vein ; upper branch of the third vein very little retreating
at base.

BOMBYLIUS MUTLLATUS, Sp. 11OV., ^ and 9

Very like B. deUrnttis, but at once distinguished by the want of the
arcuate brown band, which along the sixth longitudinal vein unites the
brown of the base with the hind border of the wing.

Type ^ and type $ , and other specimens of both sexes, from
Dunbrody, Uitenhage (Cape), December 19th and March 1st, 1912;
Parys, Orange Free State ; January, 1889 ; M'Fongosi, Zululand,
March, 1911 (W. E. Jones).

Length of the body 4-6 mm. Head black and clothed with
long black hairs ; eyes of male coalescing for a long distance ;
frous of female broad, shining, with a dullish band above the
base of the antennae ; ocellar tubercle opaque black ; both sexes
have a small silvery spot outside the base of antenna, a cross-band
of silvery hairs on the lower part of the face interrupted towards the
middle, and a small round silvery spot in the middle of the occipital

t/ir Itnnihijliiil I'^i/nin of Smith Affirn ( Ih/i/fru ). 11

border, near the eves; the face is dull velvety Mack, with long and
numerous black hairs: the beard is also black behind; proboscis a
little shorter than the body. Antennae rather long and closely set at
base ; first joint with long black hairs; second joint globular ; third
joint a little longer than the first, not attenuate at end, with parallel
sides, ending with a very minute style which is curved upwards. In
the female there is a tuft of dark yellowish hairs on the upper part
of the occiput, wanting in the male. Thorax entirely clothed with
black hairs, even on the pleurae; there are silvery spots on the
humeri. before the base of wings and in front of the scutellum ; there
is also the beginning of two longitudinal silvery stripes on the fore
part of the thorax. Squamae and halteres black. Abdomen entirely
black-haired, even on the venter ; there is a row of silvery spots on
t-ach side, the spots on the fourth segment being broader than the
others, and a median row of smaller silvery spots; there are no
bristles on the hind borders of the segment, or only very thin and
hair-like ones. Legs entirely black; hind femora with 4-6 strong
bristles below ; claws of male not much longer than those of the
female. Wings with the discal cross-vein placed much before the
middle of the discoidal cell ; first posterior cell unusually narrow, blunt
at end and long-stalked; second posterior cell with broad base;
marginal cell with broad end ; third posterior cell longer than broad ;
alula narrow and long, black. The pattern of the wings is as in
ilflin/fii.-i, but with the difference above mentioned.

BOMBYLIUS KIMMANDJARICUS, Speiser (1910).

A male from Hex River, December 80th, named by Bigot i. litt.
B. nitidipunetatus another male from M'Fongosi, Zululand, March,
1911 ( W. E. Jones) ; a female from Kimberley (Cape), November.
1913 (J. H. Power).

I am convinced that the present species is the B. cli-<ju* of
Wiedemann on account of the fact that this author compares the
species with B. ambustnt, which is indeed very like ; but as Loew has
placed decisively B. elegant in the group of mit-atix, I prefer to use
the name under which Dr. Speiser has recently redescribed the species.

The hitherto undescribed female is very like anal in, but is easily
distinct in being smaller and in having the discal cross-vein placed
on or very little after the middle of the discoidal cell ; besides, the
wings are not so intensively black at base, but only brownish ; the
hind autemial joint is shorter and less attenuate at end.

12 Annals of the Soidli Ajr'n-ctn Museum.

BOMBYLIUS FURIOSUS, Walker (1860).

A very distinct species on account of the bright orange tufts on the
sides of the abdomen.

Originally described from Port Natal ; there are some males from
M'Fongosi, Zululand, December, 1911 (W. E. Jones), from Barberton,
Transvaal (H. Edwards), and from Durban, Natal, April (J. H.
Bowker).

BOMBYLIUS ORNATUS, Wiedemauu (1828).

Easily distinguished by its smaller size and hyaline wings, which
have the base oiilv uarroAvlv black.

V *

Plettenberg Bay (Cape), June; Potchefstroom, Transvaal (T.
Ayres) ; Dunbrody (Cape) (J. A. O'Neil) ; Estcourt, Natal
(Haviland).

BOMBYLIUS RUFIVENTRIS, Macquart (1846).

Closely allied to the preceding species, but distinguished by the
prevalent black hairs on the face, and by the reddish tomentum <>f
thorax and abdomen.

Some specimens of both sexes from M'Fongosi, Zululand, December,
1911 (W. E. Jones) ; Durban, Natal (T. D. Butler) ; Lourenco Marques
(Mozambique) (T. B. Paulus). Originally described from Port
Natal.

Length of the body 5-7 mm. Previously mistaken by me for
ornatus. On the face the black hairs are so prevalent that the cross-
baiid of silvery hairs is much less distinct than in ornatus. Thorax
and scutellum of male with only a less distinct scaly tomentum of
golden colour, while in the female this tomentum is so dense that
these parts appear to be entirely golden reddish ; in addition in the
female the hairs on the pleurae are yellow, not black. The scaly
tomentum of the abdomen is well developed in the male, while in the
female it is as dense as that of the thorax. On the wings the discoidal
cell is very acute outwards, and therefore the base of the second
posterior cell is pointed and often this cell is briefly stalked, while in
firnatus the same cell is always sessile and usually broad at base.

The female of the present species is very like a small Usia in
appearance.

(B) GROUP OF B. MINOR.

I have placed here a great number of species of medium and often
<>f very small size, which were completely unknown to Loew at the

On tin' Itombijlinl Faniut of South Africa (Diptera). 1$

time he wrote his work on the Diptera of South Africa; only iu 1H <;:-{.
did he describe some species belonging to this group.

They are characterised by the united eyes of the male, spiuose hind
femora, small basal comb and absence of bristles in front of the thorax ;
the hairs of the body are mostly or entirely yellow, and there are no
silverv spots on the body ; only very rarely are these spots present <>n
(lit- head alone.

Of the following species, only the first is different in many
respects from the others, and, together with the two other species
mentioned for comparison, forms a group allied to the Mediterranean
B. ntilitlns. All the remaining species are very homogeneous, and
constitute a peculiar group very characteristic of the South African
fauna.

They may be tabulated as follows :

1 (6). Occipital hairs short; upper branch of the third longitudinal vein

straight at base and in its whole length parallel with the costa or
rarely very little retreating, the second marginal cell therefore as
broad at base* as at apex; antennae at base black-haired; proboscis-
entirely black; scutellum entirely black; legs always with black
spines ; discal cross- vein before the middle of the discoidal cell ; wings
infuscated at base and with a black comb.

2 (3). First posterior cell not acute at end; upper branch of the third

longitudinal vein a little retreating at base, and usually provided
there with a short stump ; antennae and palpi entire black.

neithocris, Jaenn.

3 (2). First posterior cell rather acute at end ; upper branch at base not

retreating and not appendiculated.

4 (5). Face of the male clothed with black hairs; abdomen at end with a

broad tuft of white hairs ; antennae and palpi red, the third antenna!
joint bright red ..... erythrocerus, BezzL

5 (4). Face of the male with dense yellow hairs; abdomen at end not

broadly white-haired ; antennae and palpi black. mollis, sp. nov.

li (1). Occipital hairs long and dense, but without longer black bristles;
upper branch of third longitudinal vein much retreating at base,
and therefore the second submarginal cell is twice as broad at base as
at end ; antennae with pale hairs at base, and usually with red basal
joints ; proboscis often red at least in part ; scutellum usually red
legs with yellow spines ; wings not infuscated at base, or only rarely
pale yellowish, and with a yellow comb.

7 (12). Proboscis entirely red with a black end, or at least red on upper
side; third antennal joint usually reddish; discal cross-vein placed
much before the middle of the discoidal cell.

S (11). Sciitellum red; frons of female very broad; hairs of body of a
moderate length ; wings broadly reddish yellow at base ; species of
large size.
* The base is that on the third vein, the end is that at the costa.

14 Annals of the South African

9 (10). First posterior cell broad and less attenuate outwardly ; discoidal
cell large ; proboscis long ; third antennal joint reddish ; large size.

eurhinatus, sp. nov.

10 (9). First posterior cell narrow and acute outwardly : discoidal cell very

small ; proboscis very short ; third antennal joint black ; smaller
size ...... brachyrrlnjnrh us, sp. nov.

11 (8). Scutellum greyisli black, like the thorax; frons of female much

narrower ; hairs of body longer ; wings entirely hyaline ; proboscis
short; species of smaller size . . . ylobiihis, sp. nov.

12 (7). Proboscis entirely black, or only red on the under side ; third antennal

joint usually black; discal cross- vein placed on or a little after the
middle of the discoidal cell.

13 (14). Antennae entirely black, but with whitish hairs on the base; palpi

black ; proboscis entirely black ; femora broadly black at base, but
with yellow spines ; abdomen with rows of black hairs at the hind
borders of the segments ; great size . . impwus, Loew.

14 (13). Antennae with red base or entirely red ; palpi red; proboscis often

red below ; femora entirely yellow ; abdomen without rows of black
hairs ; usually smaller.

15 (18). First posterior cell long and exceedingly attenuate outwardly,

very acute, with a short stalk ; second antennal joint red like the
first.

16 (17). Abdomen broadly red on the sides and on the hind borders of the

segments ; hairs of body yellow ; frons of female of usual width ;
third antennal joint short ; first posterior cell with a short but
distinct stalk ; proboscis red below . . ,iiinnliis,'Loevf.

17 (16). Abdomen entirely greyish black, or only with a narrowly red hind

border to the segments ; hairs of body grey ; frons of female distinctly
broader; third antennal joint longer ; first posterior cell very briefly
stalked, almost sessile ; proboscis entirely black.

sessilis, sp. nov.

18 (15). First posterior cell of usual shape, blunt outwardly, with a long

stalk ; second antennal joint usually black like the third.

19 (20). Antennae entirely red ; proboscis entirely black ; scutellum without

black border ; abdomen entirely black with dense and equal yellowish
hairs ...... xanthocerus, sp. nov.

20 (19). Antennae with the third joint black, and usually with the second

also black.

21 (22). Scutellum with a broad black hind border; abdomen and proboscis

entirely black ..... marginellus, sp. nov.

22 (21). Scutellum without black border.

23 (24). Very small species ; proboscis black, or only dark red below ; abdomen

with yellow sides, end and hind border of segments red ; hairs of
body usually whitish .... paterculus, Walk.

24 (23). Species of large size; proboscis red below, abdomen entirely black.

25 (26). Head and end of abdomen with yellowish hairs ; face dark ; small

size ....... fncatus, sp. nov.

26 (25). Head and end of abdomen with white hairs; face yellow; large

size ....... rvfce]>s, Macq.

On tin' Jioitilnjli'nl b\i nun <>f timith- Africa (Dijifcra). 15

BOMBYLIUS MOLLIS, sp. 11OV., .

Very distinct from all tlie other species of the present group on
account of the short hairs of the occiput and of the peculiar shape of
the second submarginal cell.

Type rf , a specimen from Salisbury (South Rhodesia), June, lit 1:5 ;
another badlv preserved male specimen from Barberton, Transvaal
(H. Edwards J.

The present species is closely allied to the East African nuithoci'i*
Jaeuu. (appendiculatus, "Bezzi) and cri/thrncerus, Bezzi (rufoantenuatus,
Beck). Length of body, 10 mm. ; of proboscis, 6 mm. Eyes con-
tiguous for a distance a little longer than the vertical triangle. Head
black ; vertical and frontal triangles black- haired, this last with some
shorter yellow hairs on the sides. Face with dense yellow hairs, only
beneath with a few black ones ; occiput with short yellow hairs ; the
dense hairs of the underside of the head are more pale-coloured. The
two basal joints of the antennae are wholly black and black-haired,
the third is elongate and black, probosis entirely black ; palpi black,
thin. Thorax and scutellum deep black, clothed with equal and
entirely yellowish hairs, without any black hairs even on the pleurae ;
there are no distinct bristles. Squamae brown, halteres with whitish
knob. Abdomen entirely deep black, without bristles, clothed with
equal yellowish hairs like those on the thorax, but on the sides of the
2nd, 3rd and 4th segments there are tufts of black hairs. Legs
yellow with black coxae, trochanters and tarsi ; but the praetarsi are
yellow ; spines of the hind femora black.

Wings greyish, distinctly but very faintly infuscated at base to the
second basal cell and to the discal cross-vein ; comb very small, black ;
alula brownish, with whitish fringe behind ; veins entirely black ;
marginal cell rather broad in the last part ; first posterior cell very
acute outwardly and briefly stalked ; discal cross-vein a little before
the middle of the discoidal cell ; the cross-vein dividing the discoidal
cell from the second posterior cell is very short, and therefore the
discoidal cell is rather acute outwardlv.

BOMBYLIUS BISJUNCTUS, Bezzi.

Near B. mollis, but very distinct from it and from all the other
species here recorded on account of the separated eyes of the male.

The species seems to be widely spread throughout the whole
Ethiopian region, from Abyssinia to Natal ; there is a male specimen
from Salisbury, April 24th, 1917.

16 Annals of the South African Museum.

BOMBYLIUS EURHINATUS, Sp. 11OV., ? .

Easily distinguished by the long and red proboscis, by the red
antennae, scutellum and legs, and by the wings being brownish along
the fore border near the base.

Type ? and another specimen from Namaqualand, O'Okiep (Cape),
the smaller one labelled by Bigot with the MS. name which I have
retained for the species ; another 9 from Namaqualand, Springbok
(Cape), November, 1890 (R. M. Lightfoot). Length of body 8-12 mm. ;
of proboscis, 6-10 mm. Entirely clothed with fulvous hairs of
moderate length, the bristles of body and legs being also entirely
vellow. Head yellowish, with black, grey-dusted occiput ; frons very
broad. Face produced ; antennae entirely yellow, approximate at base,
with the third joint narrow, long, gradually attenuate, with a very
short terminal style ; hairs of the occiput dense and rather long, of a
pale yellowish colour, those of frons, face and base of antennae short
and more yellowish. Palpi yellow ; proboscis about ;is long as the
bodv, red above and below, with a black tip. Thorax entirely dull
black, clothed with dense fulvous hairs, and provided with yellow
bristles before and behind the base of wings ; pleurae without any
black hair. Scutellum red, narrowly black at base, clothed with hairs
like those of the thorax and with a row of yellow bristles at the hind
border. Squamae and halteres yellowish. Abdomen entirely black,
clothed with fulvous hairs with rows of thin, yellow bristles at the
hind border of the segments ; venter black, with only the hind border
of segments yellow. Legs entirelv yellow, whitish-dusted, with yellow
bristles, those of the hind femora well developed and numerous.
Wings with the basal mfuscation extending to the second basal cell
and to the end of the first longitudinal vein ; marginal cell broad at
end ; second submargiual cell at base twice as broad ; first posterior
cell broad and not attenuate outwardly ; discal cross-vein situated
much before the middle of the discoidal cell ; this cell is broadly
obtuse outwardly and much longer than the second posterior cell,
which has a broad base. Alula with a very short fringe, like that of
the hind border of wings ; basal comb rather long and yellow. Veins
and costa yellow, the first vein red but black at end ; ambient vein
black.

BOMBYLIUS BRACHYRRHYNCHUS, sp. nov., $ .

Allied to the preceding, but distinct by its smaller size, by the very
short proboscis, by the shape of the first posterior cell, and by the
colour of the antennae. The species is also allied with imaidus and

On the Bomljijliid /'// of South Africa (Diptera). 17

sexnilis, being, however, distinct owing to the basal iufuscatiou of the
wind's, the red upper side of the proboscis, and from the first by the
much broader frons of the female.

Type $ and another specimen of the same sex from Bushmanland,
Jackal's Water (Cape), October, 1911 (K. M. Lightfoot).

Length of the body 7-7'5 mm. ; of the proboscis 3 mm.

Head as in the preceding ; third antennal joint black, and distinctly
shorter ; proboscis strong, red above, but black at end and below, the
base exoepted, which is dark red ; the proboscis is besides much
shorter, being hardly longer than the thorax. Thorax and scutellum
as in the preceding. Abdomen black, narrowly red on the sides and
with the venter altogether red ; towards the end there are very long
and white bristly hairs, which are entirely wanting in eurldnatus.
Legs as in the preceding. Wings with the basal infuscation more
blackish than reddish and limited to the second basal cell ; first pos-
terior cell very narrow, long and acute, but less than in miuidus ;
disroidal cell very small, as long as the second posterior cell.

BOMBTLIUS GLOBULUS, Sp. UOV., $ .

A verv small species of globular shape, distinct by the long hairs of
body, by the red antennae, proboscis and legs, by the black scutellum
(an aberrant character in the present group), by the very narrow frons
of the female and by the entirely hyaline wings.

Tvpe 9 , and another specimen of the same sex from Namaqualand,
O'Okiep (Cape), September, 1890 (E. M. Lightfoot).

Length of the body 5 mm.; of the proboscis T5-2 mm. Body
entirely black, and entirely clothed with long yellowish hairs, without
any black hair. Frons very narrow, about half as broad as in the two
preceding species ; antennae entirely pale yellow, provided at base with
long hairs, with the third joint rather thick and pointed, ending with
a style longer than that of the two preceding species ; proboscis short
and strong, red, with a black tip. Thorax clothed with long, pale
yellowish and shiny sericeous hairs, which are almost whitish on the
lower part of the pleurae ; there are no distinct bristles. Scutellum
entirely black, haired like the thorax. Abdomen entirely black, but
red on the venter ; it is hairy like the thorax ; the bristles at the hind
border of the segments are thin and hardly distinguishable between
the hairs. Legs entirely yellowish, and with yellowish bristles, those
on the femora Avell developed. Wings quite hyaline, with yellow veins
which are darkened at end ; basal comb very small ; marginal cell also
very broad, the upper branch of the cubital fork being very strongly
2

18 Annals of the South African Museum.

curved at base ; discal cross-vein situated much before the middle of
the discoidal cell ; first posterior cell rather broad, not pointed, and
very long stalked ; discoidal cell rather small, but longer than the
second posterior cell, which is broader than long.

BOMBYLIUS IMPURUS, Loew (1863).

A single male specimen from Bushmanlaud, Jackal's Water (Cape),
October, 1911 (E. M. Lightfoot).

A well-marked species characterised by the numerous black bristles
at the hind border of the abdominal segments, by the entirely black
antennae, by the black base of the femora and by the red scutellum.
The palpi are dark brownish ; the proboscis is entirely black and rather
long, measuring 8 mm., with a length of body of 14 mm. Bristles of
legs entirely yellow, those on the hind femora numerous and well
developed. Abdomen entirely black. The long bristles of the thorax
are of a dark yellowish colour. Wings with a rather long and yellow
basal comb ; veins yellow, black outwardly ; marginal cell broad at
base ; second submarginal twice as broad at base as at end ; first
posterior cell broad and short, obtuse, long-stalked. Discal cross-vein
after the middle of the discoidal cell ; this last cell broad, obtuse at
end, much longer than the second posterior cell, which is broader than
long ; alula very briefly fringed Halteres with whitish knob.

BOMBYLIUS MUNDTJS, Loew (1863).

I refer to this species, of which Loew has described the female only
from Bloemfontein, some specimens which agree very well with
his description. Length 8-10 mm., but the proboscis is only
4-5 mm. long, and therefore not corpori subaeqnalis as stated in the
description.

Some specimens of both sexes from Bushmanland, Jackal's Water
(Cape), October, 1911 (E. M. Lightfoot) ; a female from O'Okiep,
October, 1885, labelled by Bigot B. picticornis, MS. I think that the
B. flavus of Macquart may prove to be the same species. I have
assumed as principal character of the present species the acute form
of the first posterior cell, the sides of which are stalked ; marginal
cell broad at end ; upper branch of the cubital fork not much bent at
base, but the second submargiual cell always twice as broad at base as
at end ; discal cross-vein after the middle of the discoidal cell, which is
very broad, but longer than the second posterior cell ; this cell very
broad at base. Basal comb yellow, short. The proboscis is entirely
black above, but red below. Eyes of male contiguous for a short

On the Boinlyliiil Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 19

space, but there is a very thin white stripe between them ; frons of
female comparatively narrow. The hairs of the occiput are dense and
shorter than in the allied species. Squamae yellowish, white-fringed ;
halteres white. All the bristles of thorax and abdomen are concealed
between the hairs and concolorous with them. Hind femora with
numerous yellow spines. Claws of the female not longer than those
of the male.

BOMBYLIUS SESSILIS, Sp. nOV., $ .

Very nearly allied to the preceding, but distinct by the entirely
black proboscis, by the much broader frous of the female and by the
more pointed first posterior cell.

Type ? , a single specimen from Bushuianland, Henkries (Cape),
October, 1911 (B. M. Lightfoot).

Length of the body 8 mm., of the proboscis 4 mm. Hairs of body
rather short, those on frons and face yellowish, on occiput and thorax
pale greyish, on the sides almost whitish ; there are no black hairs or
black bristles. Palpi yellow ; proboscis stout, black above and below.
Thorax entirely greyish black ; scutellum red, with a black base.
Squamae and halteres whitish. Abdomen black, the hind border of
the segments and the venter reddish. Legs entirely yellow, with the
two last tarsal joints black ; hind femora with 7-8 sti-ong, yellow
spines ; claws of female short. Wings entirely hyaline ; the veins
are disposed as in the preceding species, but the first posterior cell is
so pointed and so prolonged to the hind border that it is almost
without a stalk.

BOMBYLIUS XANTHOCERUS, sp. nov., .

Very closely allied to mundus, but distinct on account of the
entirely red antennae, entirely black proboscis, longer occipital hairs,
entirely black abdomen and the obtuse and long-stalked first posterior
cell.

Type <^ , a single specimen from Bushmanland, Een Kiet (Cape),
October, 1911 (R. M. Lightfoot).

Head as in mundus, but the hairs of the occipital border are about
twice as long ; third antennal joint red like the others, with a hardlv
distinct terminal style; palpi yellow; proboscis black above and below.
Hairs of thorax and abdomen rather long and dense, entirely yellow,
like the less distinct bristles, and a little paler on the pleurae.
Scutellum red, narrowly black at base. Abdomen entirely black, even
on the venter, with the geaitalia red. Halteres with a white knob.
Legs entirely yellow, the last joints of the tarsi black ; hind femora

20 Annals of the South African Museum.

with 7-8 strong and yellow bristles. Wings wholly hyaline ; the veins
as in mundus, but the discal cross-vein placed exactly on the centre
of the discoidal cell, and the first posterior cell obtuse at end, with a
long stalk.

BOMBYLIUS MARGINELLUS, Sp. nOV., .

Like the preceding, but distinct owing to the black third antennal
joint and by the scutellum marginated with black.

Type 9 , a single specimen from Matjesfontein (Cape), September,
1896 (W. F. Pin-cell).

Length of body 8 mm. ; of proboscis 4 mm. Head as in mundus,
with entirely yellow hairs, those on the hind border of the occiput
very long ; first antennal joint dark yellowish and with yellow hairs,
second blackish, third black, long, with a very short and thin style.
Palpi dark brown ; proboscis entirely black ; frons as broad as in the
female of mundus. Thorax and abdomen with wholly pale yellowish
hairs ; the bristles are hidden between the hairs. Scutellum red, with
a black base and a broad black border. Halteres with a white knob.
Abdomen entirely black, even on the venter. Legs yellow, with the
two last tarsal joints black ; claws short ; hind femora with 6-7 very
long and strong yellow bristles. Wings hyaline, a little dark yellowish
at base and along the costal cells ; basal comb yellow ; veins as in
mundus, but the first posterior cell short, obtuse, with a long stalk ;
the discal cross-vein is placed a little after the middle of the discoidal
cell, and the fourth longitudinal vein is strongly curved below
after that cross-vein ; the discoidal cell therefore is less obtuse at the
end than in the other species.

BOMBYLIUS PATERCULUS, Walker (1852).

Distinct owing to its smaller size, dark pubescence, and yellow hind
borders of the abdominal segments.

A single female example from Bushmanland (Cape), Jackal's Water,
October, 1911 (R. M. Lightfoot).

Head as in mundus ; second antennal joint black like the third ;
proboscis dark red below, 3 mm. long, while the length of body is
7'5 mm. ; occipital hairs long. Scutellum red, with black base.
Abdomen black, sides, venter and narrow hind borders of segments
red. Legs as in the preceding, the hind femora with five long, yellow
bristles. Wings as in mundus, entirely hyaline, with the first posterior
cell short and long stalked.

On the BombyUid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 21

BOMBYLIUS RUFICEPS, Macquart (1840).
Dipt. Exot, ii, 1840, pi. vii, tig. 5.

A species distinguishable by its greater size (length of body 12 mm.,
of proboscis 5 mm.), red underside of proboscis and entirely black
abdomen.

A single male specimen from Bushmanlaud, Jackal's Water (Cape),
October, 1911 (E. M. Lightfoot).

Face yellow ; second and third anteunal joint black ; palpi yellow ;
occipital hairs long and shining white. Hairs of body dense and
entirely yellowish. Scutellum red, with black base. Abdomen entirely
black, even on the venter ; its apical half clothed with whitish hairs.
Legs yellow, the two apical joints of the tarsi black ; hind femora with
numerous vellow bristles. Wings distinctly vellowish at base and fore

* / /

border ; veins as in mundus, but first posterior cell short and long-
stalked. Discoidal cell broad and very obtuse outwardly.

It is interesting to note that in the same place and time are found
together numerous species of the present very homogeneous group, viz.
brachyrrhynchus, impurus, mundus, sessilis, xanthocems, paterculus,
and ruficeps. In the European Fauna a similar fact is often to be
observed in the species of the allied group minor.

(C) GrKOUP OF B. MICANS.

This group has been well charactei'ised by Loew in his work on the
South African Fauna, together with the statement that it is the most
abundant in species at the Cape and that the distinction of the species
is a very difficult one. But Loew has known only species with a brown
fore border on the wings, like micans ; there is, however, a long series
of species with entirely hyaline wings, and another with spotted wings.
These last species have nothing to do with the group medius, as those
with a dark fore border have nothing to do with the group major.

The principal features of the group are as follows : Eyes of male
separated ; head with strong bristles on frons, and usually on the
genae also ; antennae with the first joint not thickened, and the third
very long and thin ; thorax with very strong bristles in front, on the
shoulders ; hind femora provided below with very long and strong
bristles, even near the base ; pulvilli very short, much shorter than the
claws ; wings with a very large basal comb, formed by strong bristles ;
discoidal cell very obtuse at end, the vein dividing it from the second
posterior cell being rather long ; discal cross-vein usually placed after
the middle, and often 011 the last third of the discoidal cell ; upper
branch of the cubital fork much retreating at base.

22 Annals of the South African Museum.

The numerous species in the collection, with the addition of others
before me, may be distinguished with the aid of the following table :

1 (24). Scutellum black ; bristles on the genae always present ; wings with

an extended pattern consisting of a brown fore-border or of some
broad dark spots.

2 (11). Wings with a dark fore border, provided with more or less distinct

darker spots, but without any distinct broad brown spot on the hind
half ; bristles of the genae entirely yellow, or rarely with a few black
ones intermingled ; bristles of abdomen entirely yellow ; thorax
usually with three distinct longitudinal stripes (micans group).

3 (6). Wings with a red or yellow basal comb; femora entirely yellow.

4 (5). All the bristles of the body are of a bright purple-red colour, even

those of the basal comb ; wings with a reddish fore border.

purpiireus, sp. nov.

o (4). All the bristles yellow, even those of the comb; fore border of wings
brownish-yellow as \isually .... micans, Fahr.

6 (3). Wings with a black comb ; femora black towards the base.

7 (10). Spines of the legs of a yellow coloiir; bristles of the genae entirely

yellow ; thoracical stripes of the female distinct ; inf uscation of the

cross-veins into the dark fore border of wings not spot-like.
.S (9). Second and third posterior cells short, distinctly broader than long ;

species of greater size . . hypoleucus, Wied.

!( (8). The above-named cells are long, longer than broad or as long as

broad; smaller size ..... hirtus, Loew.

10 (7). Spines of the legs entirely black ; genae with a few black bristles

between the yellow ones ; thorax of female not distinctly striped ;
infuscations into the dark fore border broader and spot-like.

servillei, Macq.

11 (2). Wings with broad, isolated dark spots on the hind half, the dark fore

border being more or less developed or wanting, basal comb always
black, genae with wholly black bristles, or rarely with a few yellow
ones intermingled, abdominal bristles black cr yellow (capensis
group).

12 (21). Legs with black spines ; peristomial comb usually black ; abdominal

bristles visually black and distinctly longer than the hairs.

13 (20). Marginal cell entirely filled with brown, with or without hyaline spots

at end.

14 (19). Marginal cell with two broad hyaline spots at end ; abdomen with the

usual strong black bristles.

15 (18). Along the hind border of the wings there are brown spots on the last

segments of the longitudinal veins; anal cell with a brown spot at
apex.

16 (17). Brown spots at end of the veins on the hind border very small and

isolated ; anal cell with a small dot at apex, species of greater size.

capensis, Loew.

17 (16). Brown spots of the hind border very broad and united with those on

the discoidal cell ; anal cell at end with a very broad spot ; species of
middle size .... . mefjaspilus, sp. nov.

On the Bombyliid Fauna of Soutli Africa (Dijptera). 23

18 (15). No spots along the hind border and at end of the anal cell; smaller

size ....... braunsi, sp. nov.

19 (14). Marginal cell entirely brown, without hyaline spot at end; no spots

on the hind border, nor at end of small cell ; abdominal bristles
dark yellow ; species of very small size . . punctatellus, sp. nov.

20 (13). Marginal cell broadly hyaline at end . . punctifer, sp. nov.

21 (12). Spines of the legs dark yellow ; abdominal bristles yellow, and hardly

longer than the hairs ; peristomial comb yellow, or rarely black in
part.

22 (23). Marginal cell filled with brown to the end; the cross-vein between

the discoidal and the second posterior cell is not marginated with
brown ...... pentaspilus, sp. nov.

23 (22). Marginal cell entirely hyaline ; the above-named cross-vein is mar-

ginated with brown .... obesus, sp. nov.

24 (1). Scute! him red ; bristles of the genae often wanting; basal comb of

the wings usually yellow or white ; wings entirely hyaline, mainly
without any dark pattern, or with alight yellowish tint near the base
and along the fore border, or with very small and less distinct fuscous
spots on the cross-veins.

25 (28). Genae with some strong yellow bristles, which form the iisual

peristomial comb of all the preceding species ; body mainly yellow-
haired.

26 (27). Scutellum entirely red behind; discoidal cell without a prominent

angle below ..... spinibarbus, sp. nov.

27 (26). Scutellum with a black hind border; discoidal cell with a prominent

angle inwards, and there provided with a stump, angulosus, sp. nov.

28 (25). Genae without distinct bristles, but if they are rarely distinct, the

body is mostly white-haired.

29 (34). Frons of female of the usual moderate breadth; wings usually not

punctate.

30 (31). Scutellum with a broad black hind border; wings rather infuscated

and punctate, with a black basal comb . . nigripecten, sp. nov.

31 (30). Sciitellum without black hind border ; wings with a yellow or white

basal comb.

32 (33). Discal cross-vein before the middle of the discoidal cell; wings

lightly infuscated at base ; thorax of male with brown hairs.

peringueyi, sp. nov.

33 (32). Discal cross- vein on the middle; wings entirely hyaline, even at

base; thorax of male white-haired . . argentifer, Walk.

34 (29). Frons of female twice as broad as usual; wings hyaline, punctate,

with the discal cross-vein before the middle of the discoidal cell.

molitor, Wied.

BOMBYLIUS PURPUREUS, Sp. UOV., $ , $.

Closely allied to micans, but distinct by the bright purple colour
of the rnacrochaetae of the comb and of the thoracical stripes, and
also by the more reddish fore border of the wings.

Type <$ from Klipfonteiu, Namaqualaud (Cape), August, 1890

24 Annals of the South African Museum.

(R. M. Lightfoot), and type ? from Namaqualand, August, 1873
(R. Trimen).

Length of body 12-13 mm., of proboscis 4-4' 5 nun. Body yellow-
haired, but here and there with purple-coloured macrochaetae. Frons
of male broad, that of female twice as broad, but only of usual width ;
the hairs are yellow, white below, with only a few black hairs 011 the
underside of the first antenual joint ; on the upper part of occiput
and on the sides of frous and face there are bristles of a bright red
colour, chiefly in the female ; the peristomial comb is well developed,
and of a purple red colour. Antennae black, the third joint narrowly
yellowish at base, elongate and very thin, with a short style ; the
first joint is not thickened, and is provided with long and numerous
yellow and red hairs, with a few black ones at the underside.
Proboscis black, rather short ; palpi black ; the hairs of the occipital
border are short, but above near the vertex they are very dense and
long. Thorax clothed with pale yellowish shining hairs, which on
the lower part of the pleurae are whitish. The three longitudinal
stripes of red hairs on the back are well developed in both sexes ;
there are long and strong bristles of a purple colour in front, in the
notopleural region and on the breast ; the metapleural tuft is formed
by yellow hairs and red bristles. Scutellum entirely black like the
thorax, clothed with yellow hairs and provided with strong bristles
of purple colour at the hind border. Halteres yellow with a red
stalk ; squamae dark, with a reddish fringe. Abdomen black, clothed
with long and shining yellow hairs, which are depressed to form a
tuft in the female; on the sides there are tufts of black hairs, which,
however, are almost wholly hidden between the yellow hairs ; the

/ *

bristles are long and strong, much longer than the hairs, chiefly those
on the last segments ; in the male they are more yellow, in the female
more purple and coloured like those of the thorax. Venter black,
with short reddish-yellow hairs. Legs entirely yellow, whitish-dusted,
with yellow spines, those of the hind femora very long and strong,
numerous, 8-10 on the lower row ; claws long, black, with reddish
base ; pulvilli very short in both sexes. Wings hyaline ; the fore
border to the basal cells and to the last fifth part of the marginal
cell is of a reddish-brown colour ; basal comb strong, with purple
bristles, yellow hairs above and a very conspicuous tuft of whitish
hair also above near the base. The veins are red at base and brown
at end ; marginal cell with broad end ; tipper branch of cubital fork
very retreating, the second submarginal cell being, therefore, three
times as broad at base as at end ; first posterior cell about of equal
width throughout with parallel sides; broad, obtuse at end and

OH the BomlijiiiiJ Fauna of South Africa. (Diptera). 25

long- stalked ; discoidal cell very broad at end, the vein between it
and the second posterior cell being- of unusual length, with the sides
about parallel ; discal cross-vein perpendicular, placed after the middle
of the discoidal cell ; anal cell broadly open ; alula opaque, brownish-
yellow, with a short yellowish fringe.

BOMBYLIUS MICANS, Fabricius (1798).

This species may be at once distinguished from all the others here
recorded on account of its yellow alar comb and of the yellow femora.
A single couple from Darling (Cape), 1905 (L. Pei-inguey).

It answers very well to Loew's description, but all the hairs and
bristles of the head are without any exception yellow or whitish. The
tuft of yellow bristles on the genae, or peristomial comb, is well
developed.

BOMBYLIUS HYFOLEUCUS, Wiedemann (1821).

A species easily distinguished by the greater size and the short
and broad second and third posterior cells.

There are numerous specimens of both sexes, answering to Loew's
description: Namaqualand, O'Okiep (Cape), September-October, 1890
(R. M. Lightfoot) ; Stellenbosch, 1887, and Darling (Cape), 1905
(L. Peringuey) ; Bushmanlaud, Henkries (Cape), October, 1911
(R. M. Lightfoot) ; G-iftsberg, Van Rhyusdorp (Cape), September, 1911.
One of these specimens was labelled by Bigot, " B. styUcornis,
Macq.," wrongly, as this last species is undoubtedly a Systoechus,
and is pei'haps the same as S. mixtns, as shown by fig. 2, pi. vii,
of Macquart.

BOMBYLIUS HIRTUS, Loew (1860).

Closely allied to the preceding, but distinct by its smaller size and
by the different shape of the posterior cells of the wings.

Some specimens of both sexes from Darling (Cape), 1905 (L.
Peringuey) ; Matjesfontein (Cape), September, 1896 (W. F. Purcell) ;
Namaqualand, O'Okiep (Cape), September, 1893 (R. M. Lightfoot).

BOMBYLIUS SERVILLEI, Macquart (1840).

Very distinct from all the foregoing species owing to the black
spines of the legs ; in this character, and in the almost spotted wings
and in the partly black bristles of the peristomial comb the present
species is a connecting link with the following capensis group.

Two female specimens from Fraserburg (Cape), April-June, 1885,
determined by Bigot as servillei and answering very well to the original
description.

26 Annals of the South African Museum.

BOMBYLIUS CAPENSIS, LinUC (1767).

I refer to this species, which has never been recorded again from the
time of the earlier authors, a single female specimen from Namaqua-
land, O'Okiep (Cape), September, 1890 (R. M. Lightfoot). It is
12 mm. long, with 30 mm. of wing expanse. It is wholly clothed with
long, sericeous, whitish hairs, with long black bristles between them ;
the abdomen shows tufts of black hairs on the sides and at ends. The
bristles of frous, face and genae are black, but on the occiput there are
some yellow bristles. Proboscis black, 6 mm. long. Bristles in front
of thorax numerous and strong, black, with a few yellow ones inwards.
Femora black ; tibiae yellow, with black spines. The wings are
blackened at the base and along the marginal cell, which shows at end
two broad hyaline spots, one after the other ; there are broad, rounded
fuscous spots at the end of the second basal cell, on the discal cross-
vein and at the base of the second submarginal cell ; other smaller
spots are seen at the base of the third posterior cell and at the end of
the discoidal and of the first posterior cell ; much smaller and less
distinct spots are on the ends of the veins along the hind border.
Discoidal cell very long and obtus ( e ; the discal cross-vein is situated
after its middle ; upper branch of the third vein very bent.

BOMBYLIUS MEGASPILUS, Sp. 11OV., c , 9 .

Closely allied to the preceding species, but smaller, and distinct
owing to the very broad black spots at hind border of the wings.

Type male from Giftsberg, Van Rhynsdorp (Cape), September, 1911 ;
type female from Touw's River, Cape (W. F. Purcell).

Length of body 9-10 mm. ; of proboscis 4-5 mm. Head black.
Frons of the female three times as broad as that of the male ; the
hairs are white, but the bristles are black and very long, chiefly in the
female ; hairs and bristles of the occipital border long, at least near
the vertex. Antennae black, the first joint with numerous and long
black hairs ; third joint very thin, entirely linear. Proboscis black ;
palpi black ; peristomial comb strong. Thorax and scutellum entirely
black ; the thorax Avith greyish hairs and three less distinct longitudinal
stripes of yellowish hairs ; pleurae with white and yellowish hairs,
bristles of the sides long and black, but those on the hind border of
the scutellum are dark yellowish. Squamae dark ; metapleural tuft
black and some white hairs below the squamae ; halteres blackish-
brown, with a whitish spot on the knob. Abdomen black, clothed
with long hairs, which are in part silky-white, but are mostly black ;
after the middle of the abdomen the hairs are directed behind, forming

On Hie BnntbyliiJ Fauna of South Africa (Dipt era). 27

a tuft ; the bristles are longer than the hairs, black, but those of the
hind half are mainly yellow. Venter white-dusted and white-haired in
the middle, the sides with long and dense yellow bristly hairs, which
are strikingly noticeable between the black pubescence. Legs with
strong, black spines, those of the hind femora numbering 5-7, and
very long ; femora black, Avhite-scaled ; tibiae yellow ; tarsi Wack with
yellowish base.* ClaAvs of the male very long, black ; claAVS of the
female more than one-half shorter than those of the male ; pulvilli
dark, linear. Wings Avith the upper branch of the cubital fork
thoroughly curved near the base ; first posterior cell short, narroAV and
rather obtuse at end ; discoidal cell broad and obtuse ; second and
third posterior cells short and broad ; discal cross-vein placed after the
middle of the discoidal cell. Veins black. Base and marginal cell
blackened, but the latter Avith two hyaline spots at end ; black spots
placed as in capensis and likewise broad, but those at the base of the
second and third posterior cells much broader, and united Avith the
spots on the ends of the veins in the shape of a single angular spot ;
at the end of the anal cell there is a very broad spot, Avhich is united
Avith the one at the end of the second basal cell.

BOMBYLIUS BRAUNSI, Sp. UOV.

Allied to the preceding, but distinct by its smaller size, and in
wanting the brown spots at the hind border of wings.

This species was found near WilloAvmore (Cape) by Dr. Brauns, and
will be described by me in a forthcoming paper on the African
Bombylidae of the Hungarian Museum.

BOMBYLIUS PUNCTATELLUS, sp. nov., <^ .

Allied to the three preceding species, but distinct, being the smallest
of all, and having the marginal cell completely filled with brown to
the end, without any hyaline spot.

TyP 6 <$ > an example from the Cape Avithout special locality.

Length of body 6 mm. ; wing expanse 13 mm. Head black ; the
eyes are more widely separated than in the other males ; hairs long
and whitish, those on the occiput rather long ; bristles long and black,
but those of the peristomial comb yellowish. Proboscis black, 2'5mm.
long ; third antennal joint linear, with a rather long terminal style.
Thorax and scutellum entirely black, with long yellowish hairs and
very long, dark yellow bristles. Abdomen black, with dark yellow
hairs on sides and at end Avith partly black hairs ; bi'istles longer
than the hairs and yellow. Legs yellow, black-spiuose ; femora dark,

28 Annals of the South African Museum.

white- scaled ; tarsi blackish at end ; hiud femora with some long
spines underneath ; claws black, very long. Whigs with black and
long basal comb ; upper branch of the cubital fork retreating at base ;
first posterior and discoidal cell very short, discal cross- vein set after
the middle of the discoidal cell ; anal cell closed at end. Wing
pattern as in capensis, but no hyaline spots at end of the marginal
cell and no brown spots along the hind border. There is a second
male specimen in which the hairs of body are shiny white instead of
yellowish, and the peristomial bristles are black ; the bristles in the
fore part of the thorax are black ; the anal cell is broadly open.

BOMBYLItIS PUNCTIFER, Sp. nov., 9 .

Distinct from the other species with punctate wings and with black
spinose legs, owing to the marginal cell being hyaline at end ; it is
perhaps referred by Macquart to the varieties of his _B. serviUei.

Type 9 . and an additional specimen of same sex from Namaqua-
land, O'Okiep (Cape), September, 1890 (R. M. Lightfoot).

Length of body 10-11 mm. Head black; the eyes are moderately
separated for a female ; hairs white, the bristles long and all black,
except a few yellowish ones at vertex. Third anteunal joint linear,
with a very short style ; proboscis black, 3-5 mm. long. Thorax and
scutellum black, clothed with whitish, sericeous hairs ; thoracical
bristles yellow, only a black tuft before the root of the wings and a
few in front ; scutellum marginated with yellow bristles. Squamae
dark, fringed with long, silvery hairs ; halteres blackish. Abdomen
black, clothed with hairs like those of the thorax, with only a few
black hairs towards the end underneath ; bristles black and longer
than the hairs, which are tuft-like at end. Legs yellow, with black,
white-scaled femora and black-ended tarsi ; the spines are black, and
very strong and long, chiefly those on the hind tibiae ; hind femora
with 5-6 spines underneath ; claws short, black. Wings with a long-
stalked first posterior cell and very obtuse and short discoidal cell ;
discal cross-vein a little after the middle of the discoidal cell. Basal
comb strong, black ; costal vein white-scaled to the end of the first
vein. The wings are very little infuscated towards the base and
along the fore border ; the marginal cell is entirely hyaline after the
end of the first vein ; the greater brown spots are on the discal cross-
vein and on the base of the upper branch of the cubital fork ; the
medium-sized spots ai-eon the cross-veins closing outwardly the second
basal and the discoidal cells ; the smallest ones are 011 the base of the
third posterior cell and at the end of the first posterior cell ; these two

On tJic Bomlylinl Fainix <>f South Africa (Diptera).

last spots are sometimes very faintly distinct, but there are no other
spots besides the six above described.

BOMBTLIUS PENTASPILUS, Sp. nOV., J .

Distinct from the other species on account of the yellow peristomial
comb and of the yellow spines on the legs. Wings blackened along
the fore border.

Type J, from Dunbrody, Uitenhage (Cape), May. 1900 (J. A.
O'Neil). Length of body 11-13 mm. Head black, with whitish
hairs, those of the hind border long ; bristles black, but those of the
peristomial comb yellow, with a few black ones intermingled ; antennae
black, with the third joint linear; proboscis black, 4-5 mm. long.
Thorax and scutellum black, with dense whitish sericeous hairs ;
bristles yellow, but black on the uotopleural line and before the root
of the wings ; those on the hind border of the scutellum are yellow.
Squamae dark brown, white-fringed; halteres blackish. Abdomen
clothed with hairs like those of the thorax and with yellow bristles;
there are black hairs below at end and on the sides ; the pubescence
at the apex is tuft-like. Legs black, with yellow spines, even those of
the hind femora ; claws black, long. Wings with black basal comb
and with white-scaled costa ; first posterior cell with a long stalk ;
discoidal cell broad at end, the discal cross-vein set a little after its
middle. Wings with the base and the fore border broadly iufuscate
to the end of the marginal cell, which has no hyaline spots at apex ;
the three greater brown spots at the end of basal cell and at the base
of the second submargmal cell are in contact with the dark fore border,
and they are therefore much less striking ; the two smaller spots are
at the end of the first and at the base of the third posterior cells.

BOMBYLIUS OBESUS, Sp. UOV., J, 9-

Of this species of greater size I have two specimens in my own
collection, collected by Dr. Brauns at Willowinore (Cape) in August,
1906. It is distinguished from the preceding by the hyaline marginal
cell and by the infuscated cross-vein at end of the discoidal cell. A
female specimen from Isipingo (Natal) in the collection has a black
peristomial comb. Head black ; frons of male broader than usual,
and that of the female twice as broad ; hairs long, greyish or white ;
bristles black, but those on the occiput yellowish, chiefly in the
female ; bristles of the peristomial comb yellow above and black
beneath. Antennae black, with long black hairs at base ; third joint
linear, styliform ; proboscis black, 5'5-6 mm. long. Thorax and

30 Annals of the South African Museum.

scutellum black, clothed with long and dense yellowish-grey hairs,
which, seen from the front, are shining white ; on the back there are
three less distinct, dark, longitudinal stripes, more developed in the
female ; all the bristles are yellow, but along the notopleural line
there are a few black ones. Squamae brown, white fringed, with
yellow bristles. Abdomen clothed with hairs like those of the thorax ;
on the sides and behind there are some small tufts of black hairs, not
visible from above ; all the bristles are yellow, and only a little longer
than the hairs ; venter with long yellowish hairs. Legs white scaled,
the tarsi and femora black, the tibiae dark yellowish ; all the spines
are long and yellow, even the 8-9 of the underside of the hind femora ;
claws black, those of the male twice as broad as those of the female.
Wings with black basal comb, but under the base there are some
yellow bristles, and inwards there is a tuft of long white hairs ; costa
white scaled ; first posterior and discoidal cell rather short, the last
broadly obtuse outwardly ; discal cross-vein placed on the last third of
the discoidal cell. The wings are almost entirely greyish hyaline, the
costal cell and the base being only lightly yellowish-grey ; the brown
spots are small and less darkened, the greatest of all being, as usual,
placed at the end of the second basal ; first basal end at the base of
the second submarginal cells ; the others are at the end of the first
and at the base of the third postei'ior cells ; the cross-vein at end of
the discoidal cell is, besides, marginated with fuscous.

BOMBYLIUS SPINIBAEBUS, Sp. nOV., .

An entirely yellow-haired, very distinct species with red scutellum
and yellow alar comb, forming a connecting link between the pre-
ceding and the following group, it being provided with a well-
developed peristomial comb.

Type cT > and an additional example of the same sex from Stellen-
bosch (Cape), November, 1887 (L. Peringuey).

Length of body 10-12 mm. Head black ; frous moderately broad ;
all the hairs are yellow ; those on the occipital border are short and
those of the lower side are white ; all the bristles are yellow, those on
the first joint of the antennae are long, and those of the peristomial
comb are whitish. Antennae black, with the third joint linear, but
rather thick at base ; proboscis black, 4-5 mm. long. Thorax black,
densely clothed with rather short, entirely yellow hairs, which are
white and shining in certain lights ; the bristles are yellow, but less
developed than in the foregoing species, only those before the root of
the wings being strong. Scutellum entirely red above, with only the

0>i the Bo>iiln/Iii<l Fa a nn <.f Sonf/i Africa (Di^tera). 31

I 'use black, clothed with hairs like those of the thorax and without
distinct bristles along the hind border ; squamae brown, yellow-
fringed ; halteres with a white knob. Abdomen black, but sometimes
red at the hind border and sides of the second segment ; the hairs are
like those of the thorax, but longer and tuft-like toAvards the end ; the
bristles at the hind borders of the segments are yellow and longer
than the hairs, but very thin ; venter with reddish hairs. Legs
entirely yellow and with yellow spines; hind femora with 5-6 long
yellow spines at the underside ; claws reddish yellow, with black tip.
Wings with yellow veins and with yellow basal comb ; upper branch of
the cubital fork much retreating at the base ; first posterior cell acute
at end and with a rather short stalk ; second posterior cell very short,
much broader than long ; discoidal cell short and broadly obtuse at
end, the discal cross-vein placed a little after its middle. The wings
are greyish hyaline, but with a faint infuscation extended to the fourth
longitudinal vein and to the cross-vein ; there are traces of three less
distinct dark spots on the ends of the second and of the first basal
cells and on the base of the second submarginal cell.

BOMBYLIUS ANGULOSUS, sp. 11OV., <$ ,

Very near the preceding, but distinct by its greater size, black
margiuated scutellum, more spotted wings and by the peculiar
venation.

Type (J and type 9 , a couple from Van Wyk's Vlei, Carnarvon (Cape),
September (E. G. Alston), a badly preserved female specimen from
Modder River (J. H. Power). Length of the body 13-14 mm. Head
as in the preceding, with yellow hairs and bristles ; frons of the female
very broad, more than twice as broad as the eye, and bearing verv
strong and long bristles ; peristomial coinb long and strong, yellow.
Antennae black, with the third joint less thickened at base ; proboscis
black, 5-6 mm. long. In the female the hairs of the face, chiefly
those on the sides, are white, and the hind occipital border is white-
scaled. Thorax as in the preceding, but the hairs on the breast are
white, and in the female there are traces on the back of three dark
longitudinal stripes. Scutellum red, with a black base and with a
broad black hind border, or almost entirely black with a median red
spot in the female. Abdomen as in the preceding. Legs entirely
yellow and with yellow spines as in the preceding. Wings with yellow
basal comb and with dark yellow veins ; the discoidal cell is broader,
and has beneath an angle prominent inwards and provided with the
stamp of a vein ; the basal infuscation is likewise less distinct ; there
are, however, more distinct but small brown clouds at the ends of the

"32 Annals of the South African Museum.

first and second basal cells, at the base of the second submarginal cell,
and at the bases of the second, third and fourth posterior cells ; the
second posterior cell is more elongate, about as broad as long.

BOMBYHUS NIGRIPECTEN, Sp. 11OV., $ .

A species of medium size, distinct from the two following ones,
which are likewise destitute of peristomial comb, by the wings having
a black basal comb and being rather spotted.

Type <$ , a single specimen from Bushmanlaud, Henkries (Cape),
(E. M. Lightfoot). Length of body 9'5 mm.

Head black, entirely clothed with long white hairs, only the vertex
and the narrowest part of the f rons with fuscous hairs ; hairs of the
occipital border very long and erect ; frons rather narrow. Antennae
entirely black, with white hairs at base, the third joint linear, not
thickened at base, a little longer than the first ; proboscis black, 4 mm.
long. Thoi'ax entirely clothed, even on the pleurae, with rather long
white hairs, which on the back have a sericeous sheen ; the bristles in
fi-ont and near the base of the wings are well developed and of a
yellowish colour. Scutellum with a deep black hind boi'der, clothed,
like the thorax, with yellowish bristles at the hind border. Squamae
dirty brownish with fuscous border and long and dense grey fringe ;
halteres yellowish, with whitish knob. Abdomen black, only the three
last segments being narrowly red on the sides ; it is denuded, but its
hairs seem to be longer but coloured like those of thorax, with some
tufts of dark hairs on the sides ; on the hind border of each segment,
excepting the first, there is a complete row of very strong and long
bristles, which, at least on the last four segments, are dark with yellowish
base ; the venter is clothed with white hairs and has strong bristles like
those of the upper side ; the genitalia are red in part. Legs with black
femora and yellow tibiae and tarsi ; the femora are clothed with silvery
scales and have a yellow tip, which is broader on the four anterior
ones ; hind femora with a row of 7-8 very strong yellow bristles ;
underneath the hairs of the legs are all white and the spicules of the
tibiae yellowish ; claws black. Wings greyish hyaline, with black
veins, but the first and the auxiliary vein are yellow ; the anterior basal
half show a distinct but faint iiif uscation ; on the origin of the second
longitudinal vein, on the discal cross-vein, on the anal cross-vein
and on the base of the cubital fork there are rather distinct fuscous
spots, and two other less distinct spots are set on the two basal angles
of the third posterior cell. Upper branch of the cubital fork much
retreating at base ; first posterior cell rather narrow, acute at end and
long-stalked ; discal cross-vein set a little after the middle of the

On tlie BombyUid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 3

discoidal cell, which is broad and short ; secoiid posterior cell longer
than broad ; third posterior cell in the shape of a trapeze. Basal
comb well developed, consisting entirely of black bristles, with only a
few white scaly hairs above.

BOMBYLIUS PERINGUEYI, sp. UOV., , 9

An elegant species, very distinct owing to the brown hairs of the
thorax contrasting strikingly with the white ones of the middle of the
abdomen ; the wings are not spotted, but distinctly infuscated towards
the base and along the costal cell.

Type <$ and type $ from Klipfontein, Namaqualand (Cape), 1885
(L. Pt'ringuey), the first specimen labelled by Bigot "Systoechus
pi'rhnjiieyi, nov." ; an additional female specimen from Spektakel,
Namaqualand (Cape), October, 1890. I take pleasure in preserving
for this beautiful species Bigot's MS. name in honour of the Director
of the South African Museum, whose high merits in entomology are
so greatly appreciated.

By the bristles of face and thorax the present species approaches-
those of the preceding group.

Length of body 11-12 mm. Head with wholly white hairs, but with
brown hairs on the vertex and on the upper part of the frons ; occipital
hairs moderately long, but sometimes partly infuscated and with some
bristles intermingled ; on the genae there are some more or less distinct
bristles of white or yellowish colour, more developed in the female
than in the male. Antennae elongate, black, but the second joint
sometimes brownish ; the third linear, a little longer than the first ;
proboscis black, thick, 4-5 mm. long. Frons of the male rather
broad, and that of the female nearly twice as broad, with distinct
bristles on the sides. Thorax clothed with rather long and dense
brownish hairs, which, seen in a certain light, are shiny white ;
pleurae white-haired ; there are very numerous yellowish bi-istles
on the fore part, on the sides and behind. Squamae brown, with
yellowish or greyish fringe ; halteres yellowish, with whitish knob.
Scutellum red with black base, clothed, like the back, with yellowish
and thin bristles behind. Abdomen with dense, erect white hairs,
but at end with a fine tuft of brownish ones, coloured like those
of the thorax ; on the sides of the first segment there are broad tufts
of brownish hairs, with similarly coloured bristles ; the last two
segments in the male and the last three in the female bear rows of
strong and long bristles of a blackish colour with yellow base ; the
hairs at the end of abdomen ai'e tuft-like ; venter with dense white
hairs, in the male almost without distinct bristles, in the female with
3

34 Annals of the South African Museum.

strong bristles at apex arid with a very dense tuft of black bristles in
the middle before the apex ; male genitalia of a pale reddish colour.
Legs yellow, with the femora more or less broadly black at base ; they
are provided with silvery scales and have yellow spines, those of the
hind femora very numerous and strong ; claws black, with yellow
base. Wings hyaline, yellowish at base and along the costal cell and
base of the subcostal cell ; discal cross-vein and end of second basal
cell sometimes narrowly marginated with fuscous ; basal comb large,
yellowish, white-scaled and white-haired above ; veins yellow, infuscated
at end ; disposed like the preceding species, but the discal cross-vein
placed distinctly before the middle, nearly at the first third of the
discoidal cell.

One female has the hairs on the back of thorax white, not brownish.

BOMBYLIUS ARGENTIFER, Walker (1840).

A couple of specimens from Spektakel, N am aqu aland, and Clan-
william. (Cape) determined as argentifer by Bigot. They answer very
well to the description of this species from the Cape. It is closely
allied to the preceding, but distinct by the much less developed bristles,
entirely white hairs of the thorax, wholly hyaline, vitreous wings with
the discal cross-vein placed on the middle of the discoidal cell ; in the
female the wings show a trace of the coloration of the preceding near
the base and on the cross-veins. The venter of the female is destitute
of black tuft ; and the female only has at the end of the abdomen
some scarce brownish hairs, which do not form the distinct tuft of the
preceding. Hind femora below with the usual strong spines.

Bo3iBYLitrs MOLITOB, Wiedeiiiann (1830).

A couple of specimens from Bushmanland, Jackal's Water, and
Henkries (Cape) (R. M. Lightfoot), This species also has never been
recorded since its original description, and is closely allied to the
preceding one, being distinguished by the very broad frons of the
female, by the strong bristles of the abdomen and by the punctate
wings. Bristles of genae and of peristome entirely wanting ; frons
of the male as narrow as in the preceding, that of the female with
bristles on the sides ; third anteunal joint linear, but very much
narrowed in its last half. Hairs of body white or grey ; bristles of
thorax, scutellum and abdomen very numerous and long, yellowish,
but those on the abdomen of the female black with yellow base, well
developed even on venter. Legs clothed with dense silvery scales, the
femora black, those of the hind pair with strong spines below even

On the Bonibyliid Fauna of South Africa (Dipt era}. 35

near tlie base. Wings with the ueuration as in the two preceding
species, but the discal cross- vein before the middle of the discoid al
cell, and the upper branch of the cubital fork usually provided with a
short stump near the base. The six fuscous spots on the cross-veins
and bifurcations are much less developed, but always distinct.

The present species is somewhat aberrant owing to the unusually
broad f rons of the female, which thus approaches that of the following
group ; but the antennae are not widely separated at the base.

(D) GROUP OF B. SENEX.

To the present group I refer the species which are like the South
European B. senex ; they have a rather elongate, ovate body, the eyes
of the male are separated, the frons of the female is very broad and
long-haired, but with the bristles much less distinct than in the tuicans
group. The antennae are rather distant at the base, with the first
joint distinctly thickened much more thickened than in any other
group of the genus BombyUus. The mouth-opening is very broad,
and around it there is a very prominent and large praelabrurn, which
is differently coloured, from the face and the peristorne ; the face,
besides, is very short. Hind femora without bristles at base, under-
neath provided with long hairs alone ; in senex there are some bristles
near the end, which are wholly wanting in the North African se pared us,
Beek, as in the new South African species here described. Wings
rather narrow, with the discal cross- vein placed on the last third of
the discoidal cell ; basal comb very indistinct, almost wanting ; there
is usually a rather long, recurrent stump at the base of the upper
branch of the cubital fork.

BOMBYLIUS HIRTICEPS, sp. uov., $ .

Closely allied to separatus, Beek, from Tunis, but distinguished by
the darker hairs of the face, by the absence of the stump at the base
of the cubital fork, and by the shorter claws.

Type $ , and another specimen of the same sex from Fraserburg
(Cape), June, 1885 (E. G. Alston).

Length of body 8 - 5-10 mm. Head black, grey-dusted ; frons very
broad, about three times as broad as the eye, very long-haired, but
without distinct bristles ; the hairs on f rous, face and geuae are mostly
black, but towards the middle line there are numerous yellow hairs.
Antennae black, of the usual length of the preceding group, but of a
peculiar structure ; the first joint is distinctly thickened, grey-dusted,
clothed with long black hairs ; the second joint is ovoid ; the third is
long and thin, a little longer than the first linear, but at the extreme

36 Annals of the South African Museum.

base it shows an annular swelling winch has the shape of a supple-
mentary joint of a lighter brownish colour ; in addition the antennae
are distinctly separated at base a feature never so developed in the
true Bombylius, chiefly in those of the group miccm*. Mouth-opening
very broad, the praelabrum being very large and prominent and of a
rather shining, black colour ; proboscis short and thick, 8 mm. long ;
occipital hairs very long, those near the eye black, the other yellowish.
Thorax black, clothed with rather long, yellowish-grey hairs, which,,
seen from the front, are shining white ; there are on the sides and on
the hind part numerous but thin, black bristly hairs longer than the
usual pubescence ; there are besides two rows of such hairs along the
dorsocemral lines ; on the pleurae these black hairs ai'e more numerous,
and sometimes the pleurae are entirely black-haired. Scutellum
entirely black, clothed like the thorax, and with similar black bristles
on the hind border and even on the disc. Squamae brownish, with a
long yellow fringe ; halteres with a blackish knob. Abdomen altogether
of an opaque velvety black colour, like the thorax and scutellum, and
clothed with similar hairs ; there are rows of black, bristly hairs on
the hind borders of the segments and tufts of black hairs at the apex
and on the sides underneath, the venter being much darker-haired than
the upper side. Legs reddish yellow, but the femora more or less
black near the base, and sometimes almost entirely black ; tarsi also
blackened at end on the upper side ; the femora are destitute of silvery
scales, but are clothed with very long black hairs ; those of the hind
pair are absolutely without spines underneath ; all the spines of the
tibiae and tarsi are black ; those of the four anterior tibiae are longer
than usual ; claws very short, black, with reddish base ; pulvilli yellow,
about as long as the claws. Wings greyish-hyaline, rather narrow
and cuneiform, hardly faintly infuscated at the extreme base and along
the fore border ; veins yellow, blackened at end ; basal comb very
little developed, almost wanting ; upper branch of the cubital fork
much retreating at base without recurrent veiulet ; first posterior cell
broad, acute at end and moderately stalked ; discal cross-vein on the
last third of the discoidal cell, which is rather narrow and rather
attenuated outwardly, the cross-vein dividing it from the second
posterior cell being short ; second and third posterior cells almost of
equal size.

SYSTOECHUS, Loew.
Neue Beitr. iii, p. 34, 1855.

This genus seems to be well represented in the South African fauna.
The species are rather difficult to separate, as already stated by Loew ;

On the Bombi/llid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 37

but at the Cape there are some striking forms very distinct from the
others. Those in the collection can be disting-uished as follows :

1 (12). Abdomen destitute of black bristles at the hind border of the

segments at least on the middle line.

2 (9). Logs mainly yellow, the femora sometimes with dark base.

3 (f>). Species of very great size (13-16 mm.), without black bristles on the

abdomen or with yellow ones ; femora almost bare beneath, those of
the front pair with many spines underneath.

4 (5). Proboscis conspicuously scabrose beneath; eyes of male broadly

separated ; thorax striped on back and pleurae ; pulvilli very small.

scabrirostris, sp. nov.

5 (4). Proboscis smooth beneath; eyes of male very approximate ; thorax

not striped ; pulvilli well developed . . ventricosus, sp. nov.

6 (3). Species of smaller size, not above 11 mm. in length; abdomen with

some black bristles ; femora much hairy beneath, those of the front
pair not spinose or only with 1-2 spines below.

7 (8). Scutellum red, at least in the middle; frontal triangle of the male

small and with a distinct furrow ; mystax yellow ; wings hyaline,
with yellow veins ..... simplex, Loew.

8 (7). Scutellum altogether black ; frontal triangle of the male broad and

swollen, almost without furrow ; face fringed with rigid black hairs ;
wings strongly infuscated, with black veins. tumidifrons, sp. nov.

9 (2). Legs black, the femora entirely black, or only those of the hind pair

with pale end.

10 (11). Species of greater size, measuring not less than 9 mm. in length ;

scutellum red, at least in the middle ; legs stout and spinose.

albidus, Loew.

11 (10). Species of smaller size, not above 7 mm. in length ; scutellum entirely

black ; legs thin and less spinose . . . nigripes, Loew.

12 (1). Abdomen with complete rows of very strong and distinct black

bristles at hind border of the segments.

13 (14). Eyes of the male separated ; front legs usually black-spotted on

femora and tibiae ; species of larger size, measuring 7-14 mm., but
usxially 10-12 mm. ...... mixtus, Wied.

14 (13). Eyes of the male almost contiguous; front legs with yellow tibiae

and femora ; smaller size, not more than 10 mm. in length.

15 (16). Thorax with yellow hairs, which are rather long, and without bristles

in front ...... ctenopterus, Mik.

16 (lo). Thorax clothed with short, paler hairs, which show silvery sheen and

on the pleura are of a whitish colour, and provided with brownish
bristles in front . . spinithorax, sp. nov.

SYSTOECHUS SCABRIROSTRIS, sp. nov., J 1 , ?

A gigantic species, very distinct from any other by the pattern of
the thorax, by the shape of the labiuai and by the shortness of pulvilli,
making a passage to the genus Anastoechus.

38 Annals of the South African Museum.

Type $ and type $ , a single pair of specimens from Namaqualand,
Springbok and O'Okiep (Cape), September and October, 1890 (K. M.
Lightf oot) .

Length of body 15-16 mm., of wing expanse 36-38 mm. Head of
much broader shape than usual, black on the occiput, but yellowish
on the face and genae, clothed with greyish-dusty ; frons a little
hollowed at vertex, the ocelli being placed on a very prominent tubercle ;
its breadth at the narrowest point is in the male as broad as the ocellar
tubercle, the frontal triangle in the same sex being broad and provided
with a deep, longitudinal middle furrow ; in the female the frons is very
broad, with the middle furrow distinct basally only and with a deep
transverse furrow before the ocelli, homologous with the less developed
one which is to be observed at the same point in the male. Face broad
and much projecting, mouth-opening rather short and broad ; gena
broader than usual; proboscis rather long, straight, 11-12 mm. long,
entirely black ; the labiuin is conspicuously scabrose beneath, owing
to the fact that it is clothed almost on the whole length with very
numerous but short spinules, which in the female are distinct even at
the base of the labella. Palpi long and slender, black, with very short
black hairs. Antennae wholly black, rather distant at base ; first joint
with short but strong yellowish hairs ; second joint globular ; third
joint longer than the first two taken together, with an ovate base, but
with the linear terminal part longer than the basal and ending in a
minute style. All the hairs at the head are rather short and light
coloured ; those on the very swollen and broad occiput are white if
viewed from the side, and very dense ; the hairs on the ocellar tubercle
and on the vertex are brownish, yellowish, on the frons, scarce and
rigid towards the middle, denser and soft on the sides ; the face is
almost bare in the middle and has on the sides rather short, pale,
yellowish hairs. Around the mouth-borders there is a fringe of short,
but dense, yellowish hairs, leaving the lower part of the genae bare ;
peristome almost bare ; beard on chin, much less developed, white.
Eyes bare, with the upper areolets not at all enlarged in the male.
Thorax entirely black, broad and stout, rather flattened above ; clothed
with dense and short hairs of equal size, which are only a little longer
on the sides and on the pleura ; the hairs on the back are of a brownish-
yellow colour, but if viewed from the front show a white sheeu
chiefly in the male ; in certain lights there are to be seen four longitu-
dinal white stripes, two on the middle and two on the notopleural line,
one on each side, all placed at equal distance, not extending over the
middle, and more distinct in the female than in the male. On the pleurae,
between the reddish-brown hairs, there are two vertical bands of white

On the Boinht/liii! Fmnta of South Africa (Diptera). 39

hairs, a less distinct cue iii front and a much broader one on the meso-
pleura, extending to the breast ; metapleural tuft very dense and of a
reddish brown colour ; the notopleural and supraocellar bristles are
yellow and long, chiefly the latter ones. Scutellum broad, reddish
brown, black at base, and, on the hind border, clothed like the thorax
and with strong yellow bristles on the hind border. Squamae
yellowish brown, with a dense and long white fringe ; halteres with
brown knob and whitish end. Abdomen broad, obtuse, rather shining
black, narrowly red on the sides in the male, in which sex it is void
of bristles, clothed with rather short, dense and soft, equal hairs, which,
viewed from behind, are of a light yellowish colour, and viewed from
the front are whitish with a silvery sheen ; in the female the hairs are
of a darker colour, and at the hind border of the segments there are
short but strong brownish bristles disposed in many rows, but inter-
rupted in the middle. The venter in the male is yellow towards the
middle, while in the female it is entirely black, clothed in both from
the base to the middle with silky hairs, and from the middle to the
end with dark hairs. Male genitalia proportionally small, hidden, of
a dark colour ; anal tuft of the female reddish. Legs rather stout but
long, wholly of a reddish yellow colour, the hairs only being blackened
at end ; they have pale yellowish, little- developed scales, and numerous
black spines, but they are almost absolutely bare, even the front
femora being destitute of hairs underneath at base ; the spicules are
well developed and numerous, but short in the front tibiae. All the
femora are spinose beneath, even those of the front pair being pro-
vided with many short spines, disposed in two rows ; spines of the
hind femora very numerous underneath, 13-14 in number, extending
from the base to the end, but those of the minor row are very short, the
row of the upper side being 2-3 apical spines. Claws long and thin,
black with reddish base ; pulvilli whitish, very small, as long as half
the claws. Wings long and narrow (length of a wing 16 mm., breadth
of a wing 5 mm.) ; basal comb very strong and black, whitish yellow,
pilose at base, with reddish sheen on the bristles in the male ; they
are greyish yellow, faintly inf uscated at base and along the fore border
to the end of the first vein, the brown yellowish tint running obliquely
across the cross-veins to the middle of the anal cell, but without being
well defined. Alula infuscated, with a short yellowish fringe. The
veius are red, infuscated at end ; the second longitudinal vein is
strongly sinuous ; the first posterior cell is long and narrow, narrower
than the discoidal cell, which is rather obtuse at end, but not in such
a manner as in Anastoechus ; second and third posterior cells of equal
length, but the former much broader at end.

40 Aiiinilii of the

SYSTCECHVS YENTRICOSUS, sp. nov., J .

This species is much like the larger specimens of mivtuf. Wied., but
is at once distinguished bv the more narrowly approximated eyes of
the male, by the entirely yellow legs and abdominal bristles and by
the non-infuscated base ot' the wings.

Type (. a single specimen from Stellenbosch (Cape) (L. Pcriu-
guey). 18S8.

Length of the body 13 mm., of the wing 13 mm. Head black,
dusted with grey, of the usual shape, viz. much smaller than in
fcabrii-'tsti-lf. The occiput is clothed with dense and short fulvous hairs,
which become paler below, changing to a quite white beard : the froiis
is verv narrow, its breadth at the narrowest point being half as much
as the distance between the two basal ocelli ; it is clothed in the
middle with erect black hairs like those of the ocellar tubercle, and on
the sides with shorter and vellow ones. The frontal triangle is half as

broad as in the preceding species, with a less distinct median furrow ;
the face is entirely clothed with dense hairs, which are black on the
middle and on the sides and yellow along the mouth-borders, forming
a dense fringe which is produced to the extreme eud of the geuae.
Peristome short and moderately broad : the bare eyes have the upper
areolets a little larger than the lower ones. Antennae entirely black,
the first joint with long and rigid black hairs above and below ; third
joint longer than the two first joints taken together, almost linear,
broadening very little towards the base. Proboscis entirely black,
<:> 5 mm. long, with the labiuui smooth below ; palpi hidden. Thorax
clothed with short, equal and dense fulvous hairs, without any black
hairs or bristles, and with strong sericeous sheen if viewed from the
front ; before the root of the wings others are bright fulvous tufts,
which on the pteropleura and on sternopleura are paler but on the
breast are still fulvous : metapleural tuft fulvous. Scutellum entirely
red. with only a very narrow black base, clothed like the thorax and
with yellow bristles at the hind border. Squamae yellowish, with
dense fulvous fringe ; halteres with whitish knob. Abdomen broad
and ovate, black, but narrowly red on the sides, clothed with dense
equal fulvous hairs like those of the thorax : hind border of the
segments with fulvous bristles which are concealed among the fur;
venter with dense fulvous hairs arid with a stripe of white hairs on
each side : genitalia of greater size, their lamellae fulvous, with dark
base. Legs entirely yellow, the coxae and the extreme base of femora
and almost the whole of the tarsi blackish : they are clothed with pale
scales and have a few pale hairs on the base of the femora below ; the

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Dipteral). 41

spines are black, but those of the four anterior tibiae are partly
yellow. Front ;m>l middle femora with rather numerous but short
spines below ; hind femora with 9-10 strong spines on the complete
inferior row, the other rows being reduced to a few spines on the
apical half. Claws black, with red base: pulvilli whitish, about as
long as the claws. Wings hyaline, narrowly yellowish at the extreme
base, in the first basal and in the costal cells ; alula almost hyaline,
with a short yellow fringe : basal comb of large size, black, yellow
tomentose near the base. Veins red, a little darkened at end : venation
as in the preceding, with the oval cell broadly open.

SYSTOECHUS SIMPLEX, Loew, 1860.

A species closely allied to the preceding one, but at once distinguished
by the smaller size, the whitish, not fulvous, pubescence, the unarmed
front femora, and by having a few but distinct black bristles on the
sides of the last abdominal segments.

Some specimens of both sexes from Stellenbosch and Hex River,
(Cape) (L. Periuguey), December, 1884.

The uudescribed female is very like the male ; the frous is very
broad, with some bristly dark hairs on each side; palpi short, clavate,
yellow, with black end ; femora entirely yellow to the extreme base.
Upper areolets of the eyes of the male a little enlarged : frontal
triangle small and with a less developed middle furrow ; third anteunal
joint linear ; labium smooth below. Spicules of the 4 anterior tibiae
well developed, partly yellow : front femora without spines, middle
femora with 3-4 long spines : pulvilli as long as the claws.

SYSTOECHUS TUJIIDIFKONS, sp. uov., .

Readily distinguished by the broad and tumid frontal triangle, the
black scutellum, the face fringed with rigid black hairs, the yellow
legs and the strongly iufuscated base of the wings.

Type , a single specimen from Barbertou. Transvaal, April,
1911 (H. Edwards).

Length of body 10 mm. ; length of a wing 9 mm. Head black,
dusted with grey dark yellow at the mouth borders and on the chin ;
occiput less developed than in all the preceding species, almost
hollowed instead of being inflated, clothed with dense, rather long,
pale yellowish hairs ; chin and lower part of occiput with a long,
conspicuous, quite white beard. Frons at the narrowest point as broad
as the ocellar tubercle, and afterwards expanded in a very broad and
inflated frontal triangle, the middle furrow of which is distinct but not

42 Annals of tlie South African Museum.

deep ; it is clothed, like the vertical triangle, with long, erect, rather
strong, black hairs, and only near the sides with some very short
yellow ones. Face short but much produced, with rigid black hairs
forming a long moustache-like fringe, very much developed and
produced horizontally, and extended to the extreme end of the genae,
only on the sides, near the eyes, are a few short yellow hairs ; upper
areolets of the eyes hardly enlarged. Antennae entii-ely black ; first
joint with dark yellowish hairs, Avhich are longer below than above;
third joint as long as the two first joints taken together, gradually
tapering in a moderately thin point ; proboscis entirely black, straight
and thin, 6 mm. long, with the labimn smooth below ; palpi short,
club-shaped, black with paler base. Thorax clothed with rather long
pale yellowish hairs, Avhich viewed from the front show a whitish tinge ;
on the pleurae they are a little longer but scarce, and white with a
sericeous sheen ; on the uotopleural line there is a distinct stripe of
darker, sometimes blackish, hairs ; bristles whitish yellow ; metapleural
tuft rich and white. Scutellum entirely black, clothed with long hairs
like those of the thoi'ax, with no distinct bristles on the hind border,
or at least they are concealed within the hairs. Squamae whitish
yellow, with white fringe ; halteres with white knob. Abdomen
entirely black, clothed like the thorax but the hairs are whiter, with a
silvery sheen ; there are rather numerous and distinct black bristles
on the sides of the last segments ; venter with whitish hairs and black
erect bristles along the middle ; genitalia red, of medium size. Legs
yellow, with tarsi and coxae black ; base of the 4 anterior femora and
end of the hind tibiae more or less broadly infuscate ; they bear white
scales, few white hairs on the base of femora, and black spines. Spicules
of the 4 anterior tibiae well developed ; front femora with 1-2 short
spines, middle femora with 3-4 long spines, hind femora with 7-8 very
long spines, the other rows being less developed ; coxae with long and
dense white hairs ; claws thin, black, with narrowly red base ; pulvilli
whitish, long. Wings with the usual venation, but with black veins ;
they are strongly infuscated from the end of the first longitudinal
vein to the end of the second basal cell and to the base of the alula,
which has a yellowish fringe ; basal comb of great size, black, pale
tonientose basally ; discoidal cell obtuse at end, its terminal vein as
long or even a little longer than the discal cross-vein.

SYSTOECHUS ALBIDTJS, Loew (1860).

Very near the two preceding species, but distinguished by the black
femora and by the more numerous abdominal black bristles. A single

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Divtera). 43

male specimeu from Sinithfield (Orange Free State), 1910 (D. R.
Kanueineyer). The scutellum is red, black at the base and at the
kind border ; spicules of the anterior tibiae well developed, but the
front femora are unarmed ; all the spines of the legs are black.

SYSTOECHUS NIGRIPES, Loew (1863).

Very closely allied to the preceding species, but lialf as small, and
with broadly separated eyes in the male and also with an entirely black
scutellum.

A male specimen from Klerksdorp, Transvaal, December, 1890, and
another from Kimberley (Cape), March, 1912 (J. H. Power).

Eves of the male separated for a distance equal to the breadth of
the ocellar triangle ; antennae entirely black, with the third joint
rather short, linear, not narrower at end than at base ; proboscis and
palpi black. Squamae whitish ; halteres white. Hairs on the whole
body pale yellowish, but if viewed from the front they are almost
white ; abdomen with only a few less distinct or even not distinct
black bristles at the end of the sides. Legs entirely black, with only
the knees a little yellowish, while in albidits the tibiae are more or less
but always broadly yellow ; the 4 anterior tibiae are thin and with
less developed spicules ; front femora unarmed, middle femora with
1-2, hind femora with 5-6 spines below. Basal iufuscation of the
wings rather broad, but of a more yellowish fringe ; basal comb long,
black, but with thin and more sparse bristles ; discoidal cell shorter
than usual, and therefore the second and third posterior cells longer
than in all the preceding species.

Note. The present species is closely allied to the European 8.
leucopliaeus, Meig., being chiefly distinguished by the more broadly
separated eyes of the male.

SYSTOECHUS MIXTUS, Wiedemann (1821).

A well-known and common South-African species, easily dis-
tinguished by the complete rows of black bristles on the abdomen and
by the partly black spotted front legs, the front femora being also
unarmed below.

A female specimen from Salisbury (S. Rhodesia), June, 1913; another
from Bushmanland, Henkries (Cape), October, 1911 (E. M. Lightfoot) ;
another from Marico (Transvaal). April, 1911 (A. T. Cooke) ; and one
from Natal, Maritzburg, labelled by Bigot as B. aurantiacus, Macq.,.

44 Atinah of the South African Miiseum.

which of course cannot be so, because Macquarl's species is a true
Bombylius and not a Systoeclius. 1 have also seen the present species
from Grahamstown (Cape).

SYSTOECHUS CTENOPTERUS, Mikaue (1796).

This Palsearctic species, which seems to be widely spi'ead over the
Ethiopian region, is closely allied to mixtus, but distinguished by the
smaller size, the eyes of the male, which are very much more approxi-
mated, and by the entirely yellow front legs of the female, the middle
femora being also less spinose beneath. A single female specimen
from Stellenbosch (Cape) (L. Pci-inguey).

SYSTOECHUS SPINITHORAX, sp. nov., <$ .

Nearly allied to the preceding species, but distinguished by the
silvery sheen of the hairs of the thorax and of the base of the
abdomen, and differing from any other on account of the strong
bristles on the fore border of the thorax.

Type <$ , a single specimen from Klipfontein (Namaqualand)
(Ca.pe), November, 1885 (L. Peringuey).

Length of the body 9*5 mm. ; spread of the wings 23 mm. Head
black, a little dark yellowish along the mouth borders ; occiput less
developed, clothed with soft and dense greyish hairs, which viewed
from the front are whitish, becoming quite white below like those of
the chin ; ocellar tubercle with black hairs ; frous very narrow, the
eyes almost touching, being separated by a very narrow streak not
broader than the width of the fore ocellus ; frontal triangle small ;
with less distinct middle furrow, with long and erect black hairs on
middle and with short and dense, depressed white hairs on the sides ;
f acies rather long and prominent, clothed with short and dense whitish
hairs, and longer and erect black ones, the moustache not extending to
the extreme end of the genae, the last portion of which is therefore
bare, as in scabrirostris ; peristome narrow. Eyes with the upper
areolets more distinctly enlarged than usually ; antennae entirely
black, with the first joint with long black hairs ; third joint a little
longer than the two first taken together, with the basal half broadened
and narrowly ovate and the apical half linear ; proboscis entirely
black, 7 mm. long, with the labium smooth below ; palpi short and
hidden. Thorax black, clothed on the dorsum with very short greyish
hairs, which, viewed from the front, show a silvery sheen; pleurae and
breast white haired ; notopleural line with darker hairs ; uotopleural
an postular bristles brownish ; metapleural tuft white, a little

On tie Homln/IHd Fauna of South Africa (Dl^tera). 45

yellowish below. Scute! linn red, black at base, clothed, like the thorax,
with strong brownish bristles on the hind border. Squamae whitish
vellow, with yellowish fringe, which show a white sheen; halteres with

J * o

white knob. Abdomen short, rotund, black ; the hairs disposed on
separate rows and of a greyish lacteous colour, those on the base, sides
and end with strong silvery sheen ; there are complete rows of strong
black bristles on the hind border of the segments ; venter with white
hairs and black bristles in the middle ; genitalia hidden. Legs entirely
yellow, with black coxae and last tarsal joints infuscate ; they have
white scales, white hairs on the femora and black spines ; the spicules
of the four anterior tibiae are slender, but well developed ; front
femora without any, middle femora with one, hind femora with 6-7
spines below. Claws black, with a red base ; pulvilli whitish, long.
Wings hyaline, a little darkened at the extreme base and along the
first basal and the costal cells ; alula almost hyaline, yellow fringed ;
basal comb of larger size, black, yellow-pollinose near the base ; veins
red, a little darkened at end ; venation of the usual type, the discoidal
cell rather pointed at end, its apical cross-vein being only half as long
as the discal cross- vein.

SYSTOECHUS FULIGINEUS, Loew (1863).

Very distinct from all the other species having strong black bristles
on the abdomen, on account of the very dark, almost blackish
furriness of the body.

A female specimen from ISTamaqualand, Spektakel, October, 1890
(E. M. Lightfoot), measuring less than 9 mm. in length. I refer it to
the male of greater size (18 mm.) described by Loew in a few words
from Bloemfontein, chiefly on account of the dark furriness of the
body ; from S. austeni, Bezzi, from Rhodesia it is distinguished by
the non-ciliated third antennal joint and by the iufuscated wings.
Occiput with yellowish hairs, frons and face with more infuscated
ones. Antennae entirely black, with the first joint more than twice
as long as the second, and a little shorter than the third, which is of
elongate conical shape and quite bare. Proboscis entirely black. The
dullish black thorax and the shining reddish scutellmn are clothed
with fuscous hairs and with black bristles. Squamulae yellowish-
brown with a whitish fringe ; halteres with a white knob. Abdomen
black, rather shiny, with fuscous hairs and with very numerous and
strong black bristles at hind border of the segments ; venter with pale
yellowish hairs at base ; anal tuft dirty whitish. Legs stout, entirely
blackish-brown, but with yellowish scales on the femora ; all the spines

46 Annals of the South African Museum.

and spicules are black ; hind femora with a complete row of 8-10 spiues
below. Wings with a fuscous basal comb and with dark yellowish
veins ; they are yellowish-inf uscated at base and along the fore border,
and greyish-hyaline on the rest. Discoidal cell obtuse at end ; second
longitudinal vein undulated ; third posterior cell much narrower than
the second ; anal cell broadly open.

A very small female specimen (only 4 mm. in length) from
Namaqualantl, O'Okiep, 1885 (L. Periuguey), has the frons with
parallel sides and about as broad as the eye ; the thorax is black on
the back, with 4 longitudinal greyish stripes, 2 of which are on the
dorso-central lines and 2 on the sides ; the abdomen with rather
distinct pale yellowish bristles at hind border of the segments.

ANASTOECHUS, Osten-Sacken (1877).

This genus is well represented in the South African fauna a fact
entirely unknown hitherto, and even not suspected before. The
species can be easily distinguished from those of the preceding genus,
not only on account of the characters given in the table, but also by
the following ones : The face is white-haired ; the underside of body
is white-haired ; the spines of the legs are always strong and always
yellow or white ; there are often strong bristles on the face and the
basal joints of the antennae are usually of a red colour ; the abdominal
fur is long and usually tuft-like, and between it there are usually
strong and long bristles at the hind border of the segments; the
basal comb of the wings is very often yellow or white.

The species in the collection can be distinguished as follows :

1 (12). Body without a silvery pubescence above and always with distinct

bristles on the abdomen ; scutellum red, at least on the disc.

2 (3) Genae with a distinct comb of strong, -yellowish bristles ; wings

variegated, with the marginal cell completely filled Avith brown to
the end, and with a yellow basal comb ; antennae with red base.

rubricosus, Wied.

(2). No distinct peristomial comb ; wings with the marginal cell hyaline
at least in its terminal half.

(7) . First joint of the antennae very short, not longer than twice the length
of the second; face of the male without bristles; hairs of thorax
very short ; femora mainly yellow ; wings of the male dimidiate.

5 (6). First antennal joint red ; eyes of the male rather separated; wings

with the basal comb black and yellow . . varipecten, sp. nov.

6 (5). First antennal joint black; eyes of the male more widely separated;

wings with the basal comb entirely yellow . . ceri, Loew!

7 (4). First joint of the antennae rather long, three times the length of the

second ; hairs of thorax long ; femora mainly black.

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 47

8 (11). Wings infuscate or dimidiate, with a black basal comb of usual size ;

face even in the male with distinct bristles ; antennae entirely black.

9 (10). Head and thorax with numerous black bristles; eyes of the male

broadly separated, with small areolets ; palpi black ; wings infuscated
basally .... erinaceus, sp. nov.

10 (9). Head and thorax with yellow bristles; eyes of the male very approxi-

mate and with enlarged areolets above ; wings of the male dimidiate.

macrophthalmus, Bezzi.

11 (8). Wings hyaline, with a small and whitish basal comb; face of the

male without bristles, and eyes in the same sex rather separated ;
antennae of the male entirely black, with yellow base in the female.

innocuus, sp. nov.

12 (1). Body wholly clothed with a long, silvery pubescence and without

distinct bristles even on the abdomen ; scutellum entirely black ;
Avings hyaline, with a very small and silvery basal comb.

leucosoma, sp. nov.

ANASTOECHTJS RUBBICOSUS, Wiedemann (1821).

A very characteristic species, distinct from any other on account of
its strong peristomial comb and of the very peculiar wing pattern.

Some specimens of both sexes from ISTainaqualand, Springbok,
November, 1890 (E. M. Lightfoot) ; O'Okiep, October, 1885 (L.
Pe'ringuey) ; Bushtuanland, Jackal's Water, Namaqualand (Cape),
October, 1911 (E. M. Lightfoot). One specimen was already recognised
by Bigot as belonging to the present species.

This species was not recorded since Wiedemann's description. It is
very variable in size, measuring in length 9-13 mm., but one female
is only 6 mm. The second antennal joint is red like the first ; the
attenuated part of the third joint is very long and thin. The frons
is without black hairs in opposition to Wiedemann's statement (Stirne
schwarz behaart) ; the bristles on the face are of the same colour as
the fur, but they are always distinguishable, and those of the genae
are very distinct, numerous and free. Eyes of the male broadly
separated, their distance being about twice as broad as the base of the
ocellar triangle ; areolets of equal size. Proboscis rather short, black,
but the labium is usually red at the extreme base below ; palpi yellow.
Thorax with long hairs and with no black ones ; those on pleurae and
breast are whitish ; scutellum red ; all the bristles are of the same
colour as the fur. Abdominal fur very long and tuft-like; the
numerous bristles are longer than the hairs, disposed in complete
rows, and are pale at base and dark brown at end. Venter yellow,
with pale pubescence and short yellow bristles along the middle ; anal
tuft of the female very conspicuous, yellow ; male genitalia hidden
within the dense apical tuft. Legs with only the apical part of the

48 Annals of the South African Museum.

last tarsal joint black ; they have "whitish scales on the femora and
entirely yellow spines, which are well developed even on the anterior
tibiae ; front femora with 2-3, middle and hind femora with very
numerous spines below ; claws red with black end ; pulvilli yellowish,
much shorter than the claws. Wings with a peculiar pattern of a
light yellowish-brown tint ; the marginal cell is completely filled to the
end ; the discoidal cell is almost entirely hyaline ; the inf uscation of
the base and fore border shows three points separated by hyaline
spaces, one at the end of the marginal cell, the second at the base of
the cubital fork and the end of the first posterior cell, the third at the
end of the second basal cell, passing a little over the discal cross-
vein. There is a distinct pale yellowish, longitudinal streak on the
whole of the first basal cell, more or less broadened towards the base
and below. Discoidal cell with pai'allel sides, as broad at end as the
base of the second posterior cell; its apical cross -vein is longer than
the discal cross -vein. Basal comb formed with entirely pale yellow
bristles ; alula yellowish, with long yellow fringe ; veins of a red
colour, inf uscated at end. In the present species the first posterior cell
is much narrower than the discoidal cell.

ANASTOECHUS VARIPECTEN, sp. uov., $ , $ .

This species, probably only a variety of the following one, is dis-
tinguished by the characters given in the table.

Type $ from Spektakel, and type ? from O'Okiep, Namaqua-
land (Cape), October, 1886 (L. Peringuey), this last specimen being
determined by Bigot as Systoechus mixtus, Wied.

Length of body 13 mm. ; of wing expanse 32 mm. Head yellow on
the face, black on the vertex, but the ocellar tubercle in the male is of
a dark red colour ; eyes of the male with the iipper areolets only a
little enlarged, separated for a distance as broad as the ocellar tubercle ;
frous of the female very broad, broader than the eye, provided on each
side with very numerous and strong brownish bristles directed forwards
and outwards, a dense tuft of short bristles of darker colour being
placed on the ocellar tubercle ; occiput clothed with short hairs, which
are yellowish only in the upper part and pure white on the sides and
below. In the male the frontal triangle, the face and the cheeks are
clothed by short but dense white hairs without any bristle, only the
ocellar tubercle being clothed with yellow hairs. In the female the
frons has a short yellow pubescence, which is white on the face and
on the cheeks, but in the middle of the face there is a spot of yellow
hairs in which some bristles of the same colour are noticeable, while
two or three distinct bristles are present also in the middle of the

On the Bomli/lllil Fiinn <;/' tiouth Africa (Diptcra). 49

sides. The genae are clothed with white hairs, and are absolutely
destitute of bristles in both .sexes. Antennae with the first joint
very short, only twice as long as the second; pale red in the male and
clothed with white hairs, dark red with yellow hairs in the female;
the second joint is globular and black ; the third is black, about twice
as long as the two first joints taken together, only a little dilated at
base and gradually tapering in a long styliform end. Proboscis
black, short, 6'5 mm. long, with the basal ring reddish yellow and
with the extreme base of the labium dark red below ; palpi reddish-
yellow, very thin, with short whitish hairs and with a few longer ones
at end ; peristome yellow. Thorax black, clothed with short equal
hairs of a tawny colour, darker in the female; on the pleurae and
breast the hairs are short and quite white ; in the male the bristles
are pale yellowish and only notopleural and post-alar ; they are darker
in the female, and in addition there is a strong tuft below the noto-
pleural line, and other tufts in front behind the head and on the hind
border of mesopleura. Scutellum red, with soft hairs like those of
thorax, and with strong, pale, or dark yellowish bristles at the hind
border. Squamae dirty yellowish, with a white fringe ; halteres
yellowish. Abdomen black, with the hind border of the segments
and the venter red ; it is clothed with dense and equal pale yellowish
hairs, which from a front view show whitish sheens, and are denser in
the male than in the female, but in both are distinctly tuft-like at
end; there are complete rows of bristles at the hind borders of the
segments, thinner and pale yellowish in the male, stronger and darker
in the female ; venter with scarce white hairs and almost destitute of
bristles. Male geuitalia yellow, anal tuft of the female luteous, but
iu both they are hidden within the fur. Legs entirely pale yellow,
even at the end of the tarsi ; the femora are bare and clothed with
white scales; all the spines are yellow, the front femora with 1, the
middle with 3-4, the hind with 7-9 spines below. Claws yellow, with
black end ; pulvilli yellowish, one third as long as the claws. "Wings
with the basal comb formed by yellow and black bristles ; they are
hyaline, but with a basal infuscation of a pale yellowish-brown tint,
more extended in the male than in the female, but in both not sur-
passing the end of the first vein ; in the male the border of this
iufuscatiou goes obliquely from the above-named point to the end of
the fourth posterior cell, the second basal, anal and axillary cells being
in greater part hyaline ; in the female the infuscation is almost
limited to the fourth vein ; alula hyaline, with pale fringe. Veins
rufous, a little infuscated at end. Discoidal cell broadly truncate,
but its sides less parallel than in the preceding species, and its apical
4

50 Ait ttal$ of Hie Smith African Museum.

cross-vein a little longer than the discal cross-vein ; first posterior
cell as broad as the discoidal one.

ANASTOECHUS CERVINUS, Loew (18b'0).

Easily distinguishable by the yellow basal comb of the wings and
by the entirely black antennae, the first joint of which is short. A
male and a female from the Cape, without precise locality. To Loew's
original description may be added : face and geuae destitute of
bi'istles ; antennae with the first joint only twice as long as the
second ; eyes of the male with the upper areolets a little enlarged,
separated for a distance which is only as broad as the fore ocellus (a
fact which seems to be contrary to Loew's statement) ; proboscis
entirely black, with yellow basal ring ; palpi yellow ; hairs of frons
entirely white. Scutellmn red. Abdomen black, with red sides and
red hind border of the segments ; its bristles are not longer and not
darker than the fur. Front femora with one, the others with more
spines below ; pulvilli very short. Wings with the two basal cells,
the anal and the axillary cells almost entirely hyaline ; neuration as
in the preceding species.

The female, hitherto undescribed, has a broad frons, which is broader
than the eye, and bears on the sides and on the ocella numerous but
not very strong tubercles and dark yellow bristles ; face without
bristles, rather bare above the upper mouth-edge, and there shining
vellow ; proboscis with a black basal ring. Abdomen and venter
entirely black, with the hind border of the segments narrowly yellowish ;
bristles strong and long, but of a pale yellowish colour like the fur.
Hind femora below more reddish yellow, with whitish scales. Wings
almost entirely hyaline, the fuscous pattern of the male being only
indicated by a hardly distinct greyish tint.

ANASTOECHUS ERINACEUS, sp. nov., J-, $.

A very peculiar and bristly, dark species of medium size, very
distinct from any other on account of the numerous black bristles of
the frons and thorax.

Type <$ and type $ a single couple from Namaqualand,.
Springbok (Cape), November, 1890 (R. M. Lightfoot) ; an additional
male specimen from O'Okiep (Cape) (L. Peringuey).

Length of body 8-9 mm. ; of wing expanse 19-24 mm. Head
entirely black, dusty-grey, but rather shiny around the vertex ; occiput
rather developed, clothed with long grevish hairs and with long dark

On the Bontbi/liiil l<\tini<i of Month Africa (Difitera}. 51

brown or black bristles, more numerous in the female ; these hairs
become shorter and whiter below, and besides the eye-borders show a
broad band of silvery scales. Eyes of the male of smaller size, with
equally small areolets, aiid more separated than in the other species,
their distance at the narrowest point being three times as broad as the
breadth of the ocellar triangle ; frontal triangle very broad and not
triangular, clothed with very long and erect, bristly, black hairs, and
with short, silvery, scaly hairs on the front half, continued on the
cheeks ; face clothed with long white hairs, and with numerous, long
and strong curved bristles of a white colour, some of which near the
middle are black. In the female the frons is exceedingly broad, 2|
times as broad as the eye ; oil the first half it is clothed with short
white hairs, on the basal half it is bare and rather shining, and there
and also on the sides it bears very numerous erect black bristles ; face
with white hairs and scaly silvery ones near the eye-borders, with
numerous and strong white bristles and 2-3 black ones near the
middle and on the sides above. On the genae there are no distinct
bristles in either sex ; the genae and the lower part of the cheeks are
provided with long white hairs. Antennae entirely black, with the
first joint long, almost 4 times as long as the globular second joint,
with long black hairs and some black ones intermingled ; third joint
not longer than the two first joints taken together, slender, linear, less
broadened at the base. Proboscis entirely black, 4'5-5 mm. long, the
basal ring, like the peristome, with a yellow border ; palpi very thin,
black, almost bare, with a few dark hairs near the end. Thorax black,
a little shining, with a faint dark-grey dust, clothed with long
greyish hairs, which, viewed from the front, are shining white, and 011
the pleura and breast with quite white hairs. There are very numerous
black bristles forming a complete row on the fore border, another row
on the sides from the liumeri to the postalar cell, a rich tuft below the
notapleural line and a row at the hind border of the mesopleurae.
Scutellum dark red, with black base and black hind border, clothed like
the thorax, and with long black bristles on the disc and on the hind
border. Squamae dirty white, with a narrow dark border and with a
white fringe ; halteres yellowish ; metapleural tuft white. Abdomen
entirely black, with a very long pubescence coloured like that of the
thorax, and sti'ongly tuft-shaped ; on the hind borders of the segments
there are complete rows of very numerous and long black bristles.
Venter black, with white hairs and numerous black bristles ; chiefly
towards the end of the abdomen the bristles are exceedingly numerous,,
long, and intricate. Legs pale yellow, with the last joint of the tarsi
black ; the femora are black with yellow end, but are closely covered

52 Annals of the South African Museum.

with dense white scales and have white hairs below near the base ; all
the spines are well developed and yellow, there are none on the front
femora, 3-4 on the middle femora, 6-7 on the hind femora ; claws
black, with red base ; pulvilli very short. Wings greyish hyaline,
with a suffused fuscous fringe along the fore border and near the
base, more extended in the male than in the female and ending in the
marginal cell at the end of the first vein. Basal comb black, with white
tomentum near the base; alula almost hyaline, with pale fringe;
discoidal cell with parallel sides, as broad as the middle of the first
posterior cell, its terminal vein being longer than the discal cross-vein ;
second posterior cell as long as the discoidal cell, which is somewhat
short.

ANASTOECHUS MACROPHTHALMTJS, Bezzi.

Nearly allied to the preceding species, but distinguished by the
closely approximated eyes of the male, and by the bristles of the head
and thorax being yellow instead of black.

A single rather old and discoloured male specimen from Hex River
(Cape), December, 1884 (L. Pcriuguey). Type is described by me from
Willowmore (Cape) in the Museum at Budapest.

ANASTOECHUS INNOCUUS, sp. uov. $ , 9 .

A smallish oblong, less bristly species, making a passage to the
following on account of the small and entirely white basal comb of
the wings.

Type cf and type $ , a single couple of specimens from Van Wyk's
Vlei (Cape) (E. Gr. Alston).

Male. Length of body 8-8'5 mm. ; of wing expanse 7'5-8 mm.
Head black, but entirely clothed with dense hairs, which on the occiput
are rather long, pale yellowish above and whitish below ; lower border
of the eyes with silvery scaly hairs ; ocellar tubercle with yellowish
hairs. Eyes of the male more broadly separated than in the pi'ecediiig
species, the frous at the narrowest point being as broad as the ocellar
triangle ; the upper areolets are a little broader than the lower ones.
Frontal triangle at the base and on the middle with scarce, erect, dark
haii-s, and in front around the base of antennae with long yellowish
hairs, mingling with those of the same colour which cover entirely the
face concealing the mouth opening and of a white colour below ;
between this dense pubescence there are no bristles at all. Antennae
entirely black, the first joint three times as long as the second, with
dense pale yellowish hairs ; third joint linear, narrower than the

OH the Jiniiilit/liiil l^nitni of South Africa (D'tptcra). 53

second at tin- base, with the terminal part less attenuated. Proboscis
entirely black, 4 mm. long, its basal ring with yellow border like the
peristome; palpi blackish. Thorax black, faintly shining, clothed with
dense and equal, rather long hairs which are light yellowish and
shining silvery on the bade and whitish on the pleura and below ; there
are no bristles in front, and the notopleural and postalar bristles are
thin and yellowish. Scutellum dark red on the disc, black at the base

j

and on the borders, clothed, like the thorax, with indistinct bristles at
the hind border. Squamae dirty white, with yellowish border and
with whitish fringe ; halteres yellow, with whitish knob. Abdomen
elongate, black, rather shining; the narrow lateral border (not the
hind border of the segments) and the venter are red ; it is clothed
with dense and long soft hairs, which are coloured like those of the
thorax, but are paler on the sides and at end, becoming white on the
venter. The bristles at the hind border of the segments are well
developed only <>n the last segments, and are thin and of a darker
brownish-yellow colour ; the fur is not tuft-like ; on the venter there
are no distinct bristles. Legs pale yellow ; the femora are black, with
only the tip yellow, more broadly so on the 2 anterior pairs, but
they are clothed with white scales and with white hairs below near the
base ; all the bristles are thin and of a whitish colour ; front femora
without any, middle femora with 2, hind femora with 4-5 spines
below; claws black, with- a red base; pulvilli almost wanting. Wings
entirely hyaline, the extreme base and the costal and first basal cells
with a less distinct greyish tinge ; basal comb small, with entirely
white bristles ; alula hyaline, white fringed ; veins reddish-yellow,
darkened at end ; discoidal cell less obtuse, with the terminal vein
only a little longer or as long as the discal cross- vein ; first posterior
cell narrower than the discoidal cell, which is a little longer than the
second posterior cell.

Female. Length of body 5'5 mm. ; of the wing expanse 14 mm.
Doubtfully the same species, but taken at the same place and time
with the male, and half the size of it. Frons exceedingly broad, three
times as broad as the eye, with numerous bristles on the sides, which
are of a dark yellowish-brown colour ; on the face there are no distinct
bristles, but only a few bristly hairs of the same colour as the
surrounding pubescence ; the antennae are of the same shape as in the
male, but the first joint is pale yellow. Thorax as in the male, but
with numerous yellowish bristles below the notopleural line. Abdomen
with more numerous, stronger and longer dark bristles, which, however,
are set only at the end ; in the middle the rows are incomplete. Legs
and wings exactly as in the male.

,54 Annals of the South African Museum.

ANASTOECHUS LEUCOSOMA, sp. nov., 9

An elegant species of small size, distinct from any other owing to
the body being clothed entirely with long silvery hairs, without
distinct bristles even -on the abdomen, and by the vitreous wings, which
have a silvery basal comb.

Type female, Bushmanland, Jackal's Water, October, 1911 (R. M.
Lightfoot) ; O'Okiep (Cape), November-December; a specimen from
Matjesfoiitein (Cape) is much larger, measuring 8'5 mm. in length.
The present species was named by Bigot Systoechus leiicosoma in M.S. ;
I have retained the very appropriate specific name.

Length of body 5'5-6 - 5 mm. ; of wing expanse 13-16 mm. Head
black, but densely clothed with silvery scales at the hind border of the
eyes and on the sides of frons and face ; on the vertex only there is a
broad transverse black baud clothed with erect black hairs enclosing
the ocelli and extending from one eye to the other, like those of the
ocellar tubercle ; all the other hairs are silvery, long and dense, chiefly
on the upper part of the occiput and on the face ; there are no distinct
bristles ; the frons is twice as broad as the eye. Antennae entirely
black ; the first joint long and clothed with long, white hairs ; the
third joint linear, restricted to a long and thin petiole at the base, not
broader in the middle than the second joint, and less attenuated at
end. Proboscis as long as the body, 6-6'5 mm. long, thin, entirely
black ; palpi black, thin, with same Jong white hairs at the end. Thorax
short and rather arched above ; entirely clothed with long silvery hairs,
those of the disc being only slightly dark if viewed from the side or
from above ; there are 110 distinct bristles, the notopleural and postalar
ones being concealed within the fur, from which they cannot be distin-
guished. Scutellum entirely black, clothed like the thorax, and
likewise destitute of bristles. Squamae white, with pale yellowish
border and with argenteous fringe ; halteres yellowish. Abdomen
entirely black, with long hairs like those of thorax ; the bristles at
the hind border of the segments are thin and of the same colour as
the fur, from which they are not distinguishable ; venter black,
yellowish at end, with shorter white hairs ; the genitalia are destitute
of the usual tuft of hairs, but have two approximate lamellae with a
longitudinal fissure between them. Legs short and strong, with well-
developed spines of a white (not yellow, as in the other species) colour ;
they are clothed with broad silvery scales, which are developed chiefly
on the femora, but are abundant even on the tibiae. The femora are
black, those of the two anterior pairs with the apical half pale yellow
and those of the hind pair with the end yellow ; the anterior and middle

On the Boiiibi/Iil'f Funmt f South Africa (Diptera). 55

femora have also white hairs below near the base, l>ut are destitute of
spiiies ; the hind femora have 3-4 long spines below ; tibiae and tarsi
pale yellow, but those of the hind pair are distinctly darker. Claws
black, with narrowly yellow base ; pulvilli nearly wanting. Wings
entirely vitreous, only a little whitish at the extreme base and along
the fore border ; basal comb very small and silvery ; alula with a white
fringe ; veins pale yellow, darkened at end. Discoidal cell short and
obtuse at end, its apical vein being longer than the discal cross-vein :
it is as long as the second posterior cell and much broader than the
mil-row and elongate first posterior cell, the veins of which are almost
entirely parallel.

EURYCARENUS, Loew (1860).

The species of this characteristic and rather aberrant genus seem
t> be more abundant in mid- Africa. The present collection contains
only a few specimens of the typical species, and in addition there is a
couple of specimens of a new form from Mozambique.

EURYCARENUS LATICEPS, Loew (1852).

Dipteren-Fauna Sudafrikas, p. 187, pi. ii, fig. 7.

A very distinct species on account of its generic characters.
A male from Morokweug (Bechuanaland) (J. M. Bain) : a female
from M'Fongosi, Zululand, December, 1914 (W. E. Jones).

EURYCARENUS SBSSILIS, Sp. 11OV., g , 9

Nearly allied to the preceding, but distinct from it and from any
other species owing to the silvery abdominal bands and the very
briefly stalked, almost sessile first posterior cell.

Type <$ and type $ , a single couple of specimens from Inhambane,
Mozambique ; an additional male example from Bechuanaland
(G. Alston).

Length" of body 8' 5-9 mm. ; of a wing 8-8'5 mm. Head black, with
whitish-grey dust ; occiput flat, with silvery tomentum on the sides
beyond the lateral sinuosity of the eves, and with white shiny hairs
above ; ocellar tubercle black-haired. Eyes of the male with the upper
areolets broader, united on a line as long as the length of the ocellar
tubercle ; frontal triangle broad, with rather dense, erect black hairs,
and a few whitish-dusted in front; frons of the female broad, one-
third as broad as the head, yellowish-dusted, whitish near the eye

V /

borders, with sparse black hairs near the antennae, and with 4 strong,
black, orbital bristles on each side, the apical one bent forwards, the

&6 Annuls of tlie tioitt/t African Mti

other backwards. Face broad, with a white tomeutum on the sides
and below, and with white hairs and a few black ones in the centre of
the sides ; genae with white hairs underneath ; antennae entirely
black, the basal joint with black hairs, the third joint long, narrow
and pointed as in laticeps, but the upper ciliae seem to be caducous.

Proboscis entirely black, 3'5-4 mm. long ; palpi not visible und
seemingly less developed than is usual. Thorax and scutellum entirely
black, with yellow pubescence, pale yellowish hairs and strong black
bristles, which are numerous before the root of the wings and at the
hind border of the scutellum ; pleurae and breast with white hairs ;
metapleuraltuft well developed. Squamae pale yellowish, with a dark
border showing short black bristly hairs and a white fringe of moderate
length. Halteres Avith blackish stalk and whitish knob. Abdomen
entirely black ; it is clothed with long white pubescence and has some
black hairs at the base of the segments on the sides ; very character-
istic are the narrow bauds of silvery tomentum on the hind border of
the segments from the 2nd to the 6th ; on the hind border of the
segments there are besides complete rows of very strong and numerous
black bristles ; there is no trace of the white longitudinal stripe of
hitlce^s ; venter black and blade haired, with a broad white transverse
band in the middle; male genitalia black and black haired. Legs
entirely I (lack, with dark yellowish tibiae and basal joints of tarsi;
in the female only they are white-scaled on the femora and the tibiae,
but those of the hind pair have black scales on the apical half of the
femora and the tibiae ; the coxae and the 4 anterior femora are white-
pilose near the base ; all the spines are black, those of the tibiae well
developed even on the front pair ; middle femora with 4-5, hind
femora with 10-12 spines below ; claws black, with narrowly yellow
base; pulvilli dark, as long as the claws. Wings greyish-h} aline,
pale yellowish at base, with the black basal spot less developed ; they
have the typical venation of laticeps, with this exception, that in both
sexes the first posterior cell has a very short stalk, being extended
almost to the hind border, as in the genus SisyropJianus. Alula
hyaline, whitish fringed ; praealar hook strong, of a deep black colour ;
basal comb small, black, vellow tomentose ; veins dark, yellow at base,
especially the auxiliary and the sixth ; base of the first and of sixth
vein with a broad yellow pubescence.

DISCHISTUS, Loew (1855).

Tlie present genus is rich in species provided with important char-
acters. It can be divided in groups, like those of the genus Bombyliii*.
Of these groups, only two are characteristic of the South African

A/rir (Itl/ih-nn. *?

Fauna, viz. the groups of ini/xfu.r and o!' st'ruihm ; and only these two-
arc indeed represented in the collections of the South African Museum.
Some species previously included in the genus will lie removed to the
new genus Gonarthrus. All the species here enumerated have the eyes
of the male separated or only approximate ; they can he distinguished
as follows :

1 (4). Species of great size and of broad, stout body; metapleurae bare;

antennae widely separated at the base, with the first joint thickened ;
bind femora without bristles below, only with rigid black hairs ;
tibiae with black spicules ; wings short, with the discal cross-vein
placed much after the middle of the discoidal cell ; upper branch of
the cubital fork less retreating ; alula small and not fringed (group-
mystax).

2 (3). Proboscis short, not longer than the thorax ; palpi concealed ; femora

black, with only the end yellow and with numerous rigid black hairs
below ....... i-ii/iito, Loew.

3 (2). Proboscis as long as the body: palpi long and feathered; femora

yellow, without black hairs below, or only with a very few thin ones on
the hind pair. ..... plumipalpis, sp. nov.

4 (1). Species of small size and of more elongate body ; metapleurae haired ;

antennae approximate at base, with non-thickened first joint ; hind
femora with yellow bristles below ; tibiae with yellow spicules ; discal
cross-vein set much before the middle or rarely in the middle of the
discoidal cell ; upper branch of the cubital fork much retreating,
alula broad and fringed (group serlatus).

r > ((>). Wings very short, with the discal cross-vein placed on the middle of
the discoidal cell, which is short and broad, triangular ; the two basal
joints of the antennae, scutellum and legs entirely of a yellowish-
red colour : pulvilli long . . rubicundus, sp. TLOV.

i> (.">). Wings of usual length, with the discal cross- vein set much before the
middle of the discoidal cell which is variable in shape ; base of the
antennae, scutellum and legs never completely yellow at the same
time ; pulvilli usually much shorter than the claws.

7 (S). Antennae, scutellum and legs entirely black ; discoidal cell as long as
broad; body clothed with silvery long hairs and below these with
yellow tomentum ..... nin-ns, Macq.

s (7). Legs mainly yellow, at least on the tibiae; discoidal cell elongate.!,
often veiy much longer than broad.

9 (14). Proboscis entirely black : frons in the known females narrow.
Hi (13). Scutellum black; proboscis short; wings small, entirely hyaline;,
discoidal cell rather short, not twice as long as broad ; femora not
black striped.

11 (12). Femora entirely yellow, without distinct spines below; wings with

rather distinct basal comb ovatus, sp. nov.

12 (11). Femora black, with distinct bristles below on the hind pair ; wings

with no distinct basal comb . . . seriatus, Wied.

58 Annals of the South African Museum.

13 (10). Scutellum red; proboscis long; wings very broad and long 1 , and
broadly infuscated ; discoidal cell almost three times as long as
broad ; basal comb developed ; femora with black stripes below.

vittipes, sp. nov.

1-4 (9). Proboscis red above, at least near the base; frons of the known
females very broad.

15 (10). Scutellum red; body grey, with pale or white fur; basal comb of the
wings rather developed . . . rariegatus, Macq.

1(5 (15). Entire body and Scutellum of a deep black colour with dark reddish
fur; basal comb smaller . . . tripunctatus, Macq. .

DISCHISTUS CAPITO, Loew (1860).

A species of great size (for the present genus), very near mysta.r,
but at once distinguished from it and from the others by the characters
.given in the table.

( h'iginally described from Caft'raria. There is in the collection a
male specimen f rom Grahamstowu, May, 1885 (Billing-hurst), measuring
12 mm. of length with 25 mm. of wing-spread ; it was named by
Bigot Dischistus heterocerus, Macq. ; but Macquart in its description
says that the third antenual joint is spindle-shaped and that the legs
are yellow characters which apply better to mystax, with which
therefore it must be placed as a synonym.

The male was unknown to Loew and is hitherto undescribed ; it is
very like the female. The eyes have equally small areolets, and are
set close to each other on the frous but separated for a distance which
is as broad as the ocellar tubercle ; the genitalia are black, with reddish
borders to the lamellae ; the black bristles of the abdomen form
complete rows and are very numerous. All the femora are provided
-on the underside with long and numerous, rigid, black hairs, with
some yellow ones intermingled chiefly near the base and on the middle
pair. The pulvilli are only a little shorter than the claws. Wings
with the discoidal cell long, the two middle segments of its lower vein
being of equal length ; basal comb not distinct ; alula very small and
destitute of fringe.

DISCHISTUS PLUMIPALPIS, sp. nov., <$ .

Closely allied to mystax and capita, but at once distinguished by the
long proboscis, the feathered palpi and the much more approximate
eyes of the male.

Type (J, a single specimen from G-rahamstown (Cape), 1883.

Length of the body 10'5 mm. ; spread of the wings 22 mm. Head
black, grey-dusted ; occiput flat, concave in the middle, with rather

Oil tli^ BomliyHid F<innn of Houth Afr'n-K ( 7)/y//r/vr). 59

long yellowish hairs at the upper border, which become shorter and
paler below, but along the whole ocular border, in front of these hairs,
there is a fringe of thin but distinct black ones. Ocellar tubercle
black, with a tuft of long black hairs ; eyes with the upper areolets
distinct but little broader than the others ; they are greatly prolonged
above, approaching each other to a distance which is only a little
broader than the breadth of the fore ocellus. The frontal triangle
is very short and very broad, with short yellowish hairs on the
middle and with dark ones on the sides ; cheeks clothed with
long, I'eddish hairs forming a rich moustache, but marginated
near the eyes with black hairs ; below this moustache are to be
seen the rather broad, shining black and bare mouth borders

s.

Beard very dense, becoming longer behind, of a dirtv whitish colour.
Antennae entirely black, rather separated at the base ; first joint long,
grey-dusted and distinctly thickened, clothed with very long and dense
hairs which are pale yellowish above and reddish below, with some
black hairs intermingled ; second joint globular ; third as long as the
first, but much thinner (almost spindle-shaped as in mystax}, but less
narrowed at the base, its terminal half being very thin, with a short
capillar style at the end. Proboscis entirely black, very long and
thin, with small terminal labella, 11 mm. long; palpi very long, as
long as the antennae, black, feathered with long and dense, rigid
hairs which are black above and at apex, whitish below, and also at
the base. Thorax and scutellum entirely of a deep black colour,
'lothed with dense, equal yellowish hairs of moderate length ; on the
pleurae the hairs are paler and those of the breast are whitish, but the
metapleura is bare, concealed below the squamae and the mesopleural
tufts ; there are distinct, but thin, bristly, black hairs at the posterior
end of the thorax and on the hind border of the scutellum. Squamae
dirty-whitish, with dark brown border and very long and dense whitish
fringe ; halteres with a white knob. Abdomen entirely deep black,
clothed with hairs like those of the thorax, whitish-shiny from a front
view ; the black bristles at the hind border of the segments are very
numerous, forming complete rows, but they are vei'y thin ; venter with
greyish hairs and without bristles ; geuitalia black. Legs entirelv
pale yellow, but the tarsi broadly black at the end and the femora
narrowly darkened at the base ; they are pale-dusted, and the femora
have very long white hairs below, but only a few thin black hairs and
no spines ; the spicules of the tibiae are very long and numerous ;
claws red with black end ; pulvilli dirty-whitish, a little shorter than
the claws. Wings very short, entirely hyaline ; only at the extreme
base and in the costal cells have they a faint yellowish tinge; veins

60 A/DHtlx of tlte Month Africa//,

yellow, darkened at eiid ; no distinct basal comb; linear alula very
narrow, not fringed, venation typical of the group.

DlSCHISTTTS RUBICUNDUS, Sp. 11OV., <$ .

A species of middle size, Avith elongate body and short wings, very
distinct owing to the colour of the antennae and legs, and by the
typical venation. The present species in coloration, shape and
disposition of the abdominal fur strongly recalls Bombylivs
iitundus, Loew, and some other species of the same group, which
were taken in the same locality and at the same time ; even the
specimens of D. rubicundus, Wied., from the same locality, have a very
similar facies.

Type, cf ' a single specimen from Bushmanland, Jackal's Water
(Cape), October, 1911 (E. M. Lightfoot).

Length of the body 9mm.; of a wing 6'5 mm. ; spread 17mm.
only. Head black, with dense grey dust ; occiput much developed,
swollen, clothed with short and dense pale yellowish hairs, which
below are very short and become tomentose near the borders of the
eyes ; no black hairs behind ; ocellar tubercle less prominent with pale
hairs ; frons as broad as the ocellar tubercle, moderately broadened
forward, with dense yellow hairs. Face and cheeks with entirely yellow
hairs forming a scarce and short moustache, the lower hairs being
rigid and paler; beard scarce and short, whitish. Eyes dark red,
with irregular black spots and with equally small areolets. Antennae
approximate at the base, rather strong ; first joint of a pale reddish
colour, with sparse hairs, which are very short and whitish above, very
long and yellowish below, forming a tuft ; second joint of the same
colour as the first, and twice as long ; third joint deep black, as thick
as the first, truncate, very little attenuated at the extreme end, of even
shape throughout ; terminal style very thin. Mouth-opening broad ;
proboscis short and strong, 2'5 mm. long, black above, dark red below
near the base, glabrous at end; palpi yellow, thin, pale-haired.
Thorax black, densely clothed with very short pale yellowish hairs ; it
seems that on the back there are 4 longitudinal stripes of more yellow
pubescence, more distinct on the posterior half ; pleurae grey-dusted,
with short hairs and with some bare parts, but the metapleura with a
fine, whitish tuft ; the bristles are long, yellow ; below the notopleural
line, on the upper part of the pleurae, there is a dense tuft of short,
yellowish, bristly hairs. Scutellum red, black at base, grey-dusted,
clothed like the thorax with strong but short pale bristles on the hind
border. Squamae dirty pale-vellowish, with whitish fringe ; halteres

On the Bonibyliid Fauna of South Africa (Dipteral). 01

yellow, with white knobs. Abdomen ovate, red, the two first segments
and the middle of the third black ; it is clothed with dense, whitish,
depressed pubescence ; at the hind border of each segment there is a
broad band of erect, pale yellowish hairs, but there are no distinct
bristles ; the long abdominal fur appeal's thereby to be disposed on
5 parallel rows alternating with tomeutose bauds ; venter red, with
short whitish hairs ; genitalia i'ed. Legs entirely reddish-yellow, even
on the coxae and at the end of the tarsi ; they have whitish scales and
very scarce pale hairs on the femora ; middle femora with 4, hind
femora with 6 yellow spines xinderneath ; spicules of the tibiae yellow,
those of the front pair very minute ; claws red, with black end ;
pulvilli narrow, dirty-whitish, shorter than the claws. Wings short,
with a faint yellowish tinge on the basal half ; veins yellow ; basal
comb very small, pale yellowish ; alula broad, rounded, hyaline with
pale fringe. Upper branch of the cubital fork arched in the middle
and much retreating at base ; discal cross-vein on the middle of the
short and broad discoidal cell, which is of triangular shape, with the
two lower veins of nearly equal length ; first posterior cell narrowed at
end, but the second posterior cell not triangular ; apical cross-vein of
the discoidal cell much longer than the discal cross-vein.

A very small female specimen (only 4 mm. in length) from Nama-
qualaud, O'Okiep, 1885 (L. Pt'riuguey), has the frous with parallel
sides and about as broad as the eye ; the thorax is black on the back,
with 4 longitudinal greyish stripes, 2 of which are on thedorso-ceutral
lines and 2 on the sides ; abdomen with rather distinct pale yellowish
bristles at hind border of the segments.

DISCHISTUS NIVEUS, Macquart (1840).

A small species, very distinct on account of its entirely black legs
and its white fur.

Macquart described the male from the Cape, but without mentioning
the colour of the legs ; from his short description it seems to be a
species of Goitartherus, but the position of the discal cross-vein
differs. I refer to this species a female specimen from Bushmanlaud,
Jackal's Water (Cape), October, 1911 (K. M. Lightfoot).

Length of body 6 mm. ; of a wing 5 - 5 mm. Head, thorax, scutellum
and abdomen black, grey-dusted and clothed with a short golden
tomeutum, which is silvery only on the face and at the hind borders
of the eyes. All the hairs are long, but rather sparse, of a silvery
white colour ; on the pleurae there is no golden tomentum, only white
scaly hairs and no distinct bristles between the hairs. Frons much

62 Annals of the South African Museum.

broader tliaii the eye. Antennae entirely black, the third joint one
and a-half times as long as the two first taken together, linear, obtuse,
thinner than the rather thin, short and white-haired first joint.
Proboscis entirely black, 3'5 mm. long. Halteres whitish. Legs
white-scaled, with white spines and white spicules ; claws black ;
pulvilli absent. Wings entirely hyaline, vitreous, with pale yellow
veins, no distinct comb, but the costa is white-scaled at the base;
alula broad, rounded and fringed with white. Upper branch of the
third vein very much retreating at the base ; discal cross-vein placed
much before the middle of the discoidal cell, which is as broad as
long, triangular ; first posterior cell not narrowed at end ; anal cell
sometimes narrowed at end.

DlSCHISTUS OVATUS, sp. 11OV., J .

A dark species with long ovate body, recalling that of BombyUiis
kilimandjaricus and differing from the other species of the present
group in having the hind femora not spinose below.

Type <$ , a single, not well-preserved specimen from the Cape,
without special locality.

Length of body 11 mm. ; of wing 10 mm. Head dark-tawny,
grey-dusted, black on the occiput ; this last little developed, clothed
with short and dense black hairs above which become very short and
brownish below and merge into the less developed beard of a paler
colour ; ocellar tubercle black-haired. Eyes with equally small
areolets, less approximated, the frons at the narrowest point being
as broad as the vertical triangle ; it is less broadened forwards, and
bears sparse and short, erect black hairs ; face gently rounded, clothed
like the cheeks with sparse black hairs, with some shorter yellowish
ones intermingled. Antennae entirely black, but the first joint
pale-dusted, three times as long as the second, clothed on the two
sides with long black hairs ; third joint as long as the two first joints
taken together, not broader at the base than the second, gradually
tapering to a short point. Proboscis entirely black, rather thick,
4 mm. long. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen deep black, clothed
with rather short dark brownish hairs, which, viewed from the front,
are shining-pale ; there are no black hairs intermingled ; the bristles
at the postalar cells and at the hind border of the scutellum, like
those of the hind border of the abdominal segments, are black and
well developed. Pleurae below and breast with greyish hairs ;
metapleurae with Avhitish and black hairs intermingled. Squamae
tawny, with short whitish fringe; halteres yellowish-brown. Venter
black, reddish-yellow at base, grey-haired ; geuitalia dark red. Legs

On tin- Jioinl>i/l!iil Fminii of South Africa (Dipt^ra). 6%

with the coxae entirely yellow, pale-scaled, scarcely white-haired oil
the femora, which are unarmed, and having even on the hind pair
only a few rigid hairs ; spicules of the tibiae less developed, yellow,
claws yellow, with black point ; pulvilli not distinct. Wings vitreous,
hyaline, faintly yellowish at base and along the costal cell ; basal
hook strongly reddish ; basal comb distinct, black, yellowish tomentose ;
alula broad, yellow-fringed. Veins black, but the entire first vein
and the base of the others are yellow ; upper branch of the cubital
fork retreating ; first posterior cell narrowed at end ; discoidal cell
short and broad, truncate at end, its terminal vein being longer than
the discal cross- vein, which is placed before the middle ; the two lower
veins of the discoidal cell are of almost equal length.

DISCHISTTJS SERIATUS, Wiedemaim (1821).

Closely allied to the preceding species, from which it is distinguished
by the smaller size, the darker legs and the well-developed spines at
the underside of the hind femora.

A very small male specimen, measuring only 5 mm. in length, from
Van Wyk's Vlei, Carnarvon (Cape) (E. Gr. Alston), 1893. Wiedemann
has described the female from the Cape ; the eyes of the male have
equally small areolets and are approximate to a distance equal to the
distance of the posterior ocelli. Proboscis short ; geuitalia dark red ;
abdomen mainly black-haired; pulvilli very short. Wings entirely
hyaline ; first posterior cell not narrowed at end and very long ;
discoidal cell obtuse at end, twice as long as broad.

DlSCHISTUS VITTIPES, sp. 11OV., J .

A species of proportionally large size, having strongly spinose legs
and broadly infuscated, very long wings, which have in addition a
rather large basal comb.

Type (J, a single specimen from Bushmanland, Jackal's Water
(Cape), October, 1911 (E. M. Lightfoot).

Length of the body 1O5 mm. ; of the wing 12 mm. Head reddish,
grey-dusted, black on the occiput, which is developed and convex,
clothed with pale yellowish hairs above, with whitish and shorter
ones on sides and below, without any black hairs ; beard scarce,
white. Frons broad ; eyes with equal areolets, less approximate,
separated for a distance twice as broad as the ocellar ti'iangle ; ocellar
tubercle with some dark hairs ; frons little broadened forwards, with
sparse dark hairs in the middle and other whitish and longer hairs
on the sides. Face very broad and long, gently curved, clothed like
the very narrow cheeks with scarce and long white hairs ; geiiae

t!4 Annals of the South African Museum.

broad, red before and black beneath. Antennae dark reddish, but
iufuscate above at the base and on the basal half of the third joint ;
first joint three times as long as the second, Avith sparse and short
whitish hairs; third joint narrow, linear, a little longer than the first
two taken together. Proboscis entirely black, 7' 5 nun. long; palpi
reddish-yellow, thin, almost bare. Thorax black, with red humeral
calli ; it is entirely clothed with dirty-greyish hairs having a white
sheen if looked at from a front view ; bristles long and entirely
yellow, pleurae grey-dusted, the sternopleura with, a broad red band
above ; they are whitish-pilose below and on the breast ; sternopleura
with a dense tuft of long pale hairs. Scutellum red, narrowly black
at the base, clothed like the thorax with long whitish bristles at the
hind border. Squamae yellowish, with white fringe ; halteres yellow,
with white knob. Abdomen short oval, black, rather shining, broadly
red on the sides ; it is clothed like the thorax and has whitish bristles
at the hind border of the segments ; genitalia reddish above, black
lielow; venter red, each segment broadly black at the base, with
sparse greyish hairs. Legs yellow, with the tarsi blackened at end ;
the femora have a well-marked black stripe below from the base to
the end, and are provided with whitish hairs and strong yellow spines,
3-4 on the middle, 5-6 on the hind pair -. spicules of the tibiae much
developed, yellow ; claws black, with a red base ; pulvilli very short.
Wings very long and broad ; basal comb pale-yellowish, larger than
usual; alula Irroad, hyaline, pale-fringed. The wings have only the
apical third greyish-hyaline ; the rest has a yellowish-brown infuscatioii
which forms broad dark borders along the veins, the centre of the
cells being paler. Veins black, the first entirely and the others
yellow at the base ; upper branch of the cubital fork retreating at
base ; first posterior cell narrowed at end ; discal cross- vein set much
before the middle of the discoidal cell, which is very long, being three
times as long as broad, obtuse at the end and with parallel sides,
the second of the lower veins being three times as long as the -first ;
anal cell narrowed at end.

\

DISCHISTUS VARIEGATUS, Macquart (1840).

A species very distinct owing to the red proboscis, but closely allied
to the preceding one : it is perhaps its female. Macquart has described
the female from the Cape, and likewise there are in the collection
females from Namaqualaud, Springbok (Cape), October, 1890, and
from Bushmanland, Jackal's Water (Cape), October, 1911 (E. M.
Lightfoot). The present species show a very striking affinity with

On the BoiHlnjH'nl Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 65

Boml)y1iu8 brackyrrhynchus, sp. uov., taken at the same time and in
the same locality, and which has also a red proboscis.

The ground-colour of the head is reddish, but it is concealed below
the white dust, which is very dense on the rather developed and
prominent occiput ; the soft hairs of the upper part of the occiput, the
bristly hairs of the ocellar tubercle, and those, likewise bristly, of two
tufts, set one on each side of the frons, are yellowish ; the other hairs
of the head are white or even silvery. Frons as broad as one-third of
the head. Antennae reddish, more or less iufuscated above ; the basal
joint with short yellowish hairs above and long white hairs below.
Proboscis entirely red above and below, with a black tip ; palpi pale-
yellow, almost bare; proboscis 4 mm. long. Thorax black, clothed
with yellowish and white hairs ; pleurae reddish, white-dusted, with
white and yellowish hairs ; inetapleurae with a tuft of white and
yellow hairs. Scutellum red, hairy like the thorax, and with yellowish
marginal bristles. Squamae brownish-yellow, white-haired ; halteres
yellow, with a whitish knob. Abdomen as in the preceding species.
Legs as in the preceding and even more spinose, but the femora are
not striped and only a little darkened below near the base ; pulvilli
well developed. The wings are very like those of the preceding species,
but there is no broad infuscation in the middle ; they are only yellowish
near the base and along the fore border right to the basal and
discal ci'oss-veius, which are sometimes narrowly margiuated with
fuscous.

DISCHISTTJS TRIPUNCTATUS, Macquart (1840).

Distinguished by the red proboscis and red antennae, by the deep
black body with dark fulvous pubescence and by the tripunctate
wings.

The female was described as a Bonibylius from an unknown country
by Macquart. There is in the collection a male specimen from Nama-
qualand, Springbok (Cape), October, 1890 (R. M. Lightfoot). Not-
withstanding the differences the present species also may prove to be
the male of the preceding, as it was caught in the same locality and
at the same time.

Length of the body 7 mm. ; of a wing 7 mm. Head black, but
densely clothed with a dark dust and by a short fulvous pubescence
which is destitute of black hairs ; occiput less developed ; beard scarce
and pale-coloured. Antennae approximate at the base, rather short,
of a dark reddish colour ; the first joint is more than 3 times as long-
as the second, and provided with tawny hairs ; third joint a little more
darkened above, linear, gradually attenuated, obtuse, not longer and
5

66 Annals of tlie Soiith African Museum,.

never thicker than the first, ending in a thin style. Proboscis short,
2 mm. long, red above with black tip, entirely black below or narrowly
red only at the base. Thorax and scutellum of a deep black colour,
clothed bv an equal, rather short, dark fulvous pubescence, with long
dark reddish bristles on the postalar calli and on the hind border ;
pleurae with more reddish hairs, reddish-dusted, almost bare below
and on breast; metapleural tuft dense, of reddish colour. Squamae
brownish, with short yellow fringe ; halteres yellow. Abdomen ovate,
deep black, but with dark-red sides and red genitalia ; it is rather
shining and has a bluish tinge on the middle of the tergites ; it is
clothed like the thorax with dark-reddish bristles at the hind border of
the segments ; venter red, with short hairs, pale at the base and
reddish at tip. Legs pale yellow, with long fulvous hairs on the
femora, well-developed fulvous spicules on the tibiae and 5 long
fulvous spines on the under-side of the hind femora ; claws red with
black tip ; pulvilli dirty-whitish, a little shorter than the claws.
Wings hyaline, with a small but distinct fulvous basal comb ; they
are yellowish-fuscous near the base and along the costal cell ; the 3
fuscous spots are as described by Macquart. Veins dark yellow, paler
near the base ; alula of great size, yellowish brown, with a pale fringe ;
upper branch of the cubital fork much retreating at the base ; discal
cross- vein set much before the middle of the discoidal cell. First
posterior cell a little narrowed at end ; discoidal cell long, with parallel
sides, almost rectangular, its apical vein being almost twice as long as
the discal cross-vein ; anal cell broad in the middle and narrowed at
end.

DISCHISTUS COEACINUS, Loew (1863).

An entirely deep black species of smaller size, at once distinguish-
able from all the other species here recorded on account of its entirely
black hairs.

A male specimen from Pretoria, November 20th, 1916 (G. A. H.
Bedford). This and the following species belongs to the group of
D. minimus, a group which was believed to be very scarcely represented
in the South African fauna. The present species was originally
described from Bloemfontein. To the short diagnosis may be added :
Eyes touching on a line longer than the frontal triangle ; occiput not
prominent, with rather long black hairs at the border; antennae
entirely black, with the first joint a little inflated and black-haired,
and with the third joint more than twice as long as the first, quite
linear, with a short style at end. Proboscis entirely black, 1-5 mm.

On tlie Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (JDiptera). 67

long. Thorax without distinct bristles ; hind border of the scutellum
with thin and long bristly hairs ; squamulae black, and black-haired.
Abdomen with long bristly hairs at hind border of the segments.
Coxae black and black-haired ; hind femora with 2 spines below on
the apical half ; all the spines and the spicules of the legs are black.
Wings with no distinct basal comb ; 2nd longitudinal vein straight
and gently curved at end ; upper branch of the 3rd longitudinal vein
long and oblique, a little S-shaped, not retreating ; small cross-vein
considerably before the middle of the discoidal cell ; third posterior
cell of a regular trapezoidal shape ; discoidal cell rather broad.

DlSCHISTUS PECTORALIS, Lo6W (1863).

A middle-size species of an entirely deep black colour, but clothed
with a yellowish furriuess which is black only on the breast. A male
specimen from Pretoria, December 12th, 1916 (Gr. A. H. Bedford).
Originally described from Bloemfoutein, it is closely allied to the pre-
ceding species, being distinct by the greater size, the yellowish fur-like
pile of body, the broadly yellow ends of femora and the yellowish base
of wings. I have not succeeded in finding characters of distinction
between the present species and the West African D. senegalensis,
Macq.

Proboscis entirely black, 3 mm. long ; palpi black ; occiput a little
prominent, with yellowish hairs, those of the hind border being
darkened. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen Avithout distinct bristles ;
mesopleurae with some black hairs ; squamulae dirty whitish, with
whitish fringe ; halteres whitish. Hind femora with a complete row
of 4-5 long spines below ; spicules of the tibiae long and black.
Venation as in the preceding species, but the upper branch of the
cubital fork is shorter and more straight, and nearly parallel with
the hind border of the wing.

SOSIOMYIA, gen. nov.

This new genus has a striking resemblance to Adelidea anomala,
from which its type- species is at once distinguished by the conspicuous
bristles of the third antennal joint and by the black femora. I
believed at first that the present insect might prove to be Adelidea
fuscipennis of Macquart because this last species is different from
Sobarus anontalus as pointed out by Loew. But Macquart says
nothing of the bristles of the third antenna! joint, which are, moreover,
more developed than in the genus Acreotriclms of the same author ;

68 Annals of the South African Museum.

the figure also lacks these bristles ; and besides, in the description of
A.fuscipennis we read "pedilusfavis," and "petite nervure transversale
situfe aux deux t iers " : two characters which applied to A. anoiualus,
but not to the present species. It is therefore certain that Macquart
had not Sosiomyia before him when describing- Adelidea.

I have no hesitation therefore in describing the new genus, the name
of which (from Sosias and wyia) is an allusion to its deceptive
resemblance to Adelidea anomala ; and it is very curious that the
present collection has no representatives of the last species, which
does not seem to be rare in South Africa.

Body short and broad, rotund. Head narrower than the thorax. Occi-
put rather developed, swollen, provided in the female with bristly hairs.
Ocelli disposed in an equilateral triangle, on a little prominent tubercle.
Eyes with equally small areolets in both sexes, approximate in the male,
very distant in the female ; the frons in the male at the narrowest point is
as broad as the distance between the two basal ocelli ; in the female it
is one and a half times as broad as the eye, with parallel sides and
with numerous bristles. Face broad in both sexes, rounded, less
prominent, without bristles, geuae rather narrow, without bristles.
Antennae approximate at the base, and of a very peculiar and
characteristic shape ; first joint a little, yet distinctly thickened, twice
and a half as long as the second, with long hairs directed forwards ;
second joint globular ; third as long as the first two together, broad
at base in the male, gradually tapering to a point but deeply excavate
below near the middle ; in the female the basal two thirds are very
broad and ovate, much bi-oader than the second joint, the apical third
is abruptly attenuated, linear in both sexes, truncate, with a thin and
short style above, and having below near the end a tuft of 7-10 rather
long hairs ; near the base it is provided above with 4-6 very long and
strong bristles, directed forwards and nearly reaching the end of the
joint. Mouth-opening broad and short ; proboscis short, not longer
than the thorax, strong, with broad and long, lanceolate terminal
labella; palpi concealed. Thorax with very numerous long bristles
on fore border (more developed in the female) and on the sides ; some
shorter bristles are present even on the back ; pleurae less pilose ;
metapleura bare. Scutellum with numerous and long marginal
bristles disposed in three irregular rows on the hind border ; abdomen
short and broad, with the bristles at the hind border of the segments
forming complete rows. Legs stout, with the femora spinose beneath ;
tibiae with much developed and strong spicules ; claws curved ;
pulvilli as long as the cla,ws. Wings long and rather narrow.
Praealar hook short and acute ; basal comb very small, but distinct ;

On the Boiiilii/Iiid Fauna of South Africa (Dipt era). 69

alula rounded, of moderate size, but destitute of fringe. Second
longitudinal vein gently curved at end, the marginal cell being broad
at end ; three submarginal cells present ; upper branch of the cubital
fork much retreating at base, the cross-vein dividing the first sub-
marginal cell being situated near its base and distinctly longer than
the part of the third between it and the origin of the fork ; first
posterior cell not narrowed, as broad at end as in the middle ; discal
cross-vein after the middle of the discoidal cell, but not so much as in
Adelidea. Discoidal cell triangular at base, truncate at end and there
with parallel sides, its terminal vein being as long as the discal cross-
vein ; the two lower veins of the discoidal cell are of equal length, but
form a deep angle in the middle at their junction ; second posterior
cell narrow and long, rectangular, the third being much broader. Anal
cell narrowed at end ; axillary lobe well developed, but very little
prominent ; ambient vein complete. The wings are besides strongly
pilose at the base from the first to the sixth vein, which is not the
case in Adelidea.

Type : the following new species.

SOSIOMYIA CARNATA, Sp. UOV., $ , $ .

A strange fly, very like Adelidea anomala. but distinguished,
besides the generic characters, by the darker general coloration, by the
legs having black femora and partly black spicules on the tibiae, and
by the different pattern of the wings.

Type $ and type $ , a single pair from the Cape, without precise
locality.

Length of the body 6'5-7 mm. ; of a wing 8 nini. ; spread 20 mm.
Head entirely black, even on the mouth borders, grey-dusted, with
some golden tomeutum on the upper border of the occiput and on the
frons ; hairs of the occiput of middle length, golden yellow above,
white and shorter on the sides and below ; beard long, but not dense,
white ; hairs of the ocellar tubercle black. Frons in the male with a
few black hairs over the golden tomentum in the narrowed basal half ;
densely clothed in the apical half with pale yellowish hairs which are
directed forwards and outwards. The numerous bristles of the frons of
the female are golden-coloured and only near the antennae are
yellowish hairs. Face and cheeks in both sexes whitish-dusted and
with long white hairs, which only on the upper part are pale yellowish.
Antennae entirely black, grey-dusted ; the hairs of the first joint are
partly yellowish and partly golden ; those of the third are also pale-

70 Annals of the South African Museum.

yellowish, but the strong bristles of the base are black iii the male and
dark-golden in the female. Proboscis entirely black, 3 mm. long.
Thorax and scutellum black, densely bluish-grey dusted ; they have a
scarce but well- developed golden tomentum on the back, and are
clothed with erect, rather long and scattered dark hairs, with some
shorter pale ones and very numerous and very long golden-red
bristles. The pleurae are densely pale grey-dusted, and have scarce
white hairs below and on the middle, being bare on the metapleura
and on the surrounding parts ; the mesopleural bristles near the root
of the wings are golden like those of the back. Squamae brownish
black, grey-dusted with yellow fringe. Halteres yellow, with paler
knob. Abdomen black, dusted-polliuose, pubescent like the thorax
and provided with golden-red bristles ; 011 the sides are numerous
yellow hairs intermingled with the dark ones. Male geuitalia small ;
concealed, black, yellow-haired. Venter entirely black, grey-dusted,
without the yellow hind borders of A. anomala, clothed with white
hairs. Coxae and femora black, the former with long white hairs, the
latter whitish pubescent, with some white hairs below at the base and
with yellow tips ; their spines are strong and long, yellow, 2-3 on the
middle, 5-6 on the hind pair. Tibiae and tarsi pale yellow, only the
last tarsal joint being black or darkened, with long and stout spicules,
even those of the front pair, the spicules being in great part black,
but those of the inner side are yellow. Claws yellow, with black tip ;
pulvilli dirty- whitish. Wings greyish-hyaline, with the base and the
fore half infuscated; the fuscous spots are more numerous; and more
distinct than in anomala. There is a broad quadrate spot on the discal
cross-vein, extending above almost to the second vein and preceded by
a hyaline space of equal size ; two united spots at the base of the
cubital fork and of the cross-vein deliminatiug the upper submargiual
cell ; a spot on the vein at the end of the discoidal cell ; another at
the extreme basal angle of the third posterior cell and a third at the
base of the fourth posterior cell ; there is besides a rounded spot
before the end of the anal cell, of which there is no trace in anomala.
The second basal cell has a rounded whitish spot above before the base
of the discoidal cell, which is not distinct in anomala. The alula is
dark brownish, like the squamae and the extreme base of the wings ;
the small basal comb is black, but densely golden yellow-tomeutose
and white pubescent at base, this last pubescence extending to the base
of the sixth vein. The veins are dark yellow, but the first and the
costa to the end of the upper branch of the cubital fork are pale
yellow ; the costa is golden-tomentose.

On the Bombi/liid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 71

SUBFAMILY CYTHEREINAE.

ONIROMYIA, gen. iiov.

Au aberrant genus, apparently allied to Amictus on account of the
narrow and short wings with similar venation, but distinct by the
different antennae, absent ocelli, absent abdominal macrochaetae and
haired metapleurae. Owing to the shape of the occiput the genus
must be placed in the Cytherehiae, notwithstanding the approximate
antennae ; the form of these organs agrees with that of Perin-
(jufijinijia, from which it is differentiated by the narrow elongate body
with conical abdomen and by the very different venation.

Head of female (the male being still unknown) a little broader than
the thorax ; frons broad, broader than one third of the head, with
parallel sides and long hairs ; occiput flat, not bilobed above, briefly
pilose, without ocular fringe ; no ocelli and no ocellar tubercle ; there
is instead a depression in the form of a shallow furrow. Eyes bare,
Avith entire hind border. Face very short, not prominent, bare, but
concealed below the long hairs of the base of the antennae ; genae and
chin rather broad, haired. Antennae inserted near the mouth border,
but at the level of the middle of the eyes, approximate at the base ;
first joint thickened, with a prominent tubercle below, bare above,
densely clothed with a tuft of exceedingly long and soft hairs under-
neath ; second joint small, short, globular; third joint small, once and
a half as long- as the two basal joints taken together, ovate at base,
narrow and styliform for more than the terminal half, this narrowed
part being provided with rather long hairs chiefly on the under side
and ending with a thin but rather long style. Proboscis horizontal,
longer than the head and thorax together ; mouth-opening small, sub-
quadrate ; palpi rather short, with long hairs at end. Thorax short,
subquadrate, with not very strong praesutural and supra-alar bristles ;
metapleural tuft long and dense, fan- shaped. Scutellum with bristly
hail's only at the hind border ; squamae less developed, briefly hairy
on the border ; mesophragma on the sides with a membranous tubercle
as in Systropus. Abdomen very long, conical, acute at end, destitute
of macrochaetae at the hind border of the segments ; female genitalia
with a yellow bladder above, and destitute seemingly of a terminal
circlet of spines. Legs stout and short ; the hind femora only with a
few spines below at apex ; all the tibiae with numerous and long
spicules and with numerous spurs at end ; pulvilli well developed.

72 Annals of the South African Museum.

Wings very short and narrow, stalked at base, destitute of alula ; first
longitudinal vein straight, less looped at the end and not retreating ;
only two submarginal cells. Upper branch of the cubital fork straight,
not at all retreating, running parallel with the border ; discal cross-
vein situated in the last third of the discoidal cell ; four posterior
cells, the 1st of which is closed and briefly stalked, the 2nd and 4th
are broadened, the 3rd narrowed at end. Discoidal cell very narrow,
with almost parallel sides, its terminal cross-vein being straight and
only a little longer than the discal cross-vein ; anal cell open but
narrowed at end ; ambient vein complete. The supernumerary vein in
the anal cell placed in the concave fold just below the sixth vein, long
and very distinct, extending almost to the end of the anal cell.

Type : Eurycarenus pachyeeratus, Bigot, a species upon which, before
seeing the co-types, I have made many wrong speculations ; whence
the name, from oneiros dream.

ONIROMYIA PACHTCERATA, Bigot, 9

A peculiar species with thickly pilose head and thorax, at once
distinguished from any other by its generic characters. Bigot has
described it from the Cape in a recognisable manner, much better than
usually with him, and has pointed out that it must be the type of a
new genus. In the collection there is a female specimen from Nama-
qualaud, O'Okiep, October, 1890 (E. M. Lightfoot). Length of the
body 9-5-10 mm. ; of a wing 6 - 8-7 mm. To Bigot's description may
be added : Occiput grey-dusted, but the vertex and the frons are
shining black ; the tuft of white hairs at the under side of the first
autennal joint is very long, and is fused with the tuft of the sides of
the frons and of the base of the cheeks, forming a sort of moustache ;
proboscis black, 5 mm. long; palpi black, with pale yellowish hairs,
all the thoracic macrochaetae are yellow ; metapleural tuft pale
yellowish; squamae dirty -yellowish, with sparse white hairs. Abdomen
at end with long and rigid black hairs. Venter black, grey-dusted,
densely clothed with white scaly tomentum Avith some long white hairs
at base. The ground-colour of the tibiae and of the praetarsi of the
4 anterior legs is yellow ; all the spines and spurs are yellow, but
ou the hind tibiae, partly black ; hind femora with 3-4 short yellow
spines below at the end on the outer side ; claws pale yellowish red,
with black tip ; pulvilli dirty whitish. Wing-veins dark brown, pale
reddish at base ; costa very thin at base, with scarce pale yellowish
scales.

On the BoinlijH'nl Ftnnxi <>/' !*i<,nfli, Africa (Diptera). 73

SUT.FAMILY USIINAE.

CORSOMYZA. Wiedeinann (1820).

Of this peculiar genus, very characteristic of the South African
Fauna, there are in the collection numerous specimens, representing
all the known species, with the addition of some new ones. The
special feature of the genus resides in the facial circular brush, which
consists of a dense pubescence of short hairs clothing the anterior part
of the frons and the whole face, which is surrounded by more rigid
and often differently coloured hairs. From this dense brush are
projecting on the upper side the antennae (the basal joints of which
are often clothed by a tuft of hairs of different colour), and below the
proboscis and. the long palpi. A similar conformation of the face is
to be found only in the North American genus Pantarbes, Osten
Sackeu, which, however, has a closed first posterior cell, and in the
Australian genus Lasioprosopa, Macquart. But this last genus, as
already stated by Schiner in the Novara work, is synonymous with
Corsomyza, its type species, Lasioprosopa bigotii, being Corsomyza
iiir/i-ipes, as confirmed by a specimen in the collection labelled under
this name by Bigot.

The species in the collection are much alike in habitus and in the
colouring of the body fur ; they probably mimic Hymeuoptera, having
a very great resemblance to certain species of Osmia. They can be
distinguished as follows :

1 (14). Third anteunal joint wholly black ; anal cell closed and usually pro-

vided with a short stalk.

2 (3). First auteimal joint elongate, as long as the half of the third, which

is broad ; base of the antennae pale-haired ; face yellow, with the
circular brush not marginated with black ; tibiae and tarsi red.

simplex, Wied.

3 (2) First autennal joint short, always shorter than the half of the third.

4 (o) Hind tibiae densely feathered with very long black hairs ; face yellow,

the circular brush not marginated with black hairs ; antennae
with the first joint pale-haired and the third joint broad.

pcniiipes, Wied.

5 (4) Hind tibiae not densely feathered, sometimes only thinly ciliated.
I) (13) Facial brush formed by whitish or pale yellowish hairs.

7 (S) First antennal joint clothed on the upper side with black hairs, which

form a striking black tuft within the brush ; this last is surrounded
with dense black hairs. Tibiae and tarsi black ; third antennal joint
narrow, but a little dilated at end . . niyripes, Wied.

8 (7). First anteunal joint with yellowish or whitish hairs; third auteuual

joint filiform and much dilated at end.

74 Annals of the South African Museum.

9 (12). Abdomen as broad as or only a little narrower than the thorax, not,
or less distinctly, conical ; halteres with a white knob.

10 (11). Tibia and tarsi red ; chin with a dense tuft of black hairs; femora

dark-pilose ; species of greater size . . hirtipes, Macq.

11 (10). Tibiae and tarsi black ; chin destitute of black hairs; femora white-

pilose below ; eye-division in the male less distinct than usually.

cluvicornis, Wied.

12 (9). Abdomen conical, only half as broad as the thorax ; halteres with

dark knob ; tibiae and tarsi dark reddish-brown ; sometimes there are
three submarginal cells in the wing . anceps, Bezzi.

13 (6). Facial brush formed entirely by black hairs, with a yellow tuft on the

base of the antennae ; tibiae and tarsi black ; third antennal joint

thin at base and broadly clavate at end . bicolor, sp. nov.

li (1). Third antenual joint rufous; anal cell narrowly open at the wing

border, tibiae and tarsi yellow . . . rvficornis, sp. nov.

CORSOMYZA SIMPLEX, Wiedeuiauu (1820).

A species of proportionately large size, distinct from any other by
the elongation of the first antennal joint. Described and figured from
the Cape by Wiedeinanu, and not recorded subsequently ; but I am
convinced that Macquarfs C. fuscipennis from the Cape is the female
of this same species, chiefly on account of the form of the antennae ;
the infuscation of the wings is in the male more yellow than fuscous.
There is in the collection a male specimen from Cape Town, 1888
(W. F. Purcell), and another example from. Namaqualand, 1889
(E. M. Lightfoot).

The pubescence of the body is of a pale fulvous colour, but shows
white gleams when seen from the front. Occiput shining black, with
a faint grey dust and with scarce and short pale yellowish hairs ; the
crest of Avhite hairs on the vertex has a black tuft on each side ; frons
without dust, broad, almost twice as broad as the distance between the
basal ocelli. The face and the cheeks are entirely of a pale yellow
colour ; the whitish circular brush is surrounded below by dark, but
not black, hairs. Very characteristic are the antennae, as shown in
Wiedemann's figure. The first joint has only whitish hairs. Beard
white. Proboscis entirely black, 5 mm. long ; palpi very long, as long-
as one third of the proboscis, with scarce and thin hairs.

The hairs of the pleurae are partly white and partly black ; on the
mesopleura there is a white vertical stripe, with a black one on each
side ; breast black-haired. Femora with dense black hairs below ; the
four anterior tibiae nearly bare ; the hind tibiae with dark ciliae, but
not properly feathered; last tarsal joint black; claws red with black
point ; pulvilli yellowish. The yellowish infuscation of the wings is

On the Bombi/Uld Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 75

more intensive in the second basal cell, but not as strikingly as shown
in Wiedemaim's figure. The veins are intensely rufous, as in the other
species of the genus.

CORSOMYZA PENNIPES, Wiedemanu (1820).

Nearly allied to the preceding species, but distinct from it owing to
the short first anteunal joint and by the white- and yellow-haired pleura,
and distinct from any other on account of the densely and long-
feathered hind tibiae. Wiedemaim has described the female from the
Cape ; there is in the collection a male from the Cape, without precise
locality. C. pennipes of Macquart, " Suites a Buff on," is doubtful,
because the author says that the femora (and not the tibiae) have long
hairs.

Head exactly as in the preceding species ; the first anteuual joint is
less than one-third of the third, and of a similar shape, which is very
different from that of the species following. Eyes more broadly
separated ; the middle frontal furrow is even more distinct. Proboscis
black, shorter, only 3 - 5 mm. long; palpi black, long, with much
longer and dense, almost leathery hairs. Pleurae destitute of black
hairs ; on the upper border of the metapleurae there is a rich tuft of
bright fulvous hairs, the other hairs being whitish ; breast with pale
hairs. Coxae with yellowish or whitish hairs ; the feathering of the
hind tibiae is formed by dense and numerous, very proximate black
hairs, which on the upper side are longer and equally extended to the
end, while on the under side they are shorter and groAving shorter
before the apex, which is bare ; even the hind tarsi are feathered ; 110
other species has such a conspicuous feathering of the hind legs.

Wings as in C. simplex, but clearer and with a very faint } T ellowish
tinge at the base and along the fore border. The venation is identical.

CORSOMYZA NIGRIPES, Wiedemann (1820).

Allied to the two preceding species, but distinguished by the wholly
black legs, by the black-haired first antennal joint, and by the facial
brush being surrounded by black hairs.

Described from the Cape and subsequently recorded by Loew,
Schiner, Kicardo and Becker ; there are in the collection two males
from Cape Town, one of which, caught in 1874, is labelled by Bigot
" Lasioprosopa biyotii Macq. " ! The colour of the fur of the body in the
present species varies from bright fulvous to pale yellowish and shining
white. To Loew's good description may be added : Frontal furrow
narrow but deep. The shape of the third autennal joint in the present

76 Annals of the South African Museum.

species is intermediate between the non-clavate form of simplex and
pennipes and the very clavate form of the following species ; it is well
figured by Becker. Strongly characteristic of the species is the tuft
of black hairs on the under side of the base of the antennae, which is
very strikingly within the brush. The beard is blackish, while in the
two preceding species it is white. Proboscis black, short, only
2'5-o mm. long; palpi black, thin, with short black pile. The face is
distinctly yellow on the under side below. Scutellum black. Claws
red, with black point ; pulvilli yellowish ; hind tibiae with long and
thin ciliae outwards, which are not continued on the praetarsus.

CORSOMYZA HIRTIPES, Macquart (1840).

Closely allied to nigripes a,nd of equal size, but at once distinguished
by the form of the third aiiteimal joint, by lacking the black hairs at
the base of the antennae and by the colour of the legs.

Macquart has described the female (?) from the Cape ; in the
collection there are two males and one female from Namaqualaiul,
Port Nolloth (Cape), August, 1890 (E. M. Lightfoot).

Both sexes are coloured alike, the pubescence being of a paler colour
than in most specimens of nigrqtes; the length is 8-9 mm., but one
male measures only 6 - 5 mm. Occiput black, whitish -torneiitose on
the sides at the border of the eyes, with short and scarce pale hairs ;
at the vertex there is the usual transverse crest of erect hairs, which
are of a pale yellowish colour, only in the male with some black hairs
on the sides near the eyes. Frons shining black, with erect black
hairs ; only near the antennae is a circlet of pale yellowish hairs ; it
is in the male as broad as twice the distance between the basal
ocelli, and in the female it is more than twice as broad as in the male.
Face entirely yellow in both sexes, black only in the hind part of the
geiiae and on the chin ; the brush is shaped as in ni grimes, and is
likewise surrounded with black hairs, which are less developed in the
female, but beneath, at the base of the proboscis, there is a broad tuft
of black hairs, triangular in shape, with the vertex directed forwards
and the base merged in the black beard.

Antennae black, with the first joint short, densely clothed with long
pale-yellowish hairs radiating all round, with some black hairs inter-
mingled beneath, but not forming a distinct black tuft within the
brush ; third joint very long and thin, filiform, with the last fourth
part abruptly dilated in an ovate club, which is truncate at end.
Proboscis black, short, not more than o mm . in length ; palpi thin and
long, black, with scarce and short black hairs. Thorax and scutellum

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Dipteral. 77

entirely black ; the hairs on the pleurae are whitish or pale yellowish,
but in the male those of the lower part and of the breast are blackish.
Halteres witli white knob ; squamae pale-yellowish, white fringed, like
the plumula. Abdomen shining black, clothed with equal hairs,
which are denser in the male, of a pale yellowish colour and shining
white if looked at from the front ; venter black, with short and scarce
pale hairs. Femora black, with yellow tip, clothed below with dense
and long hairs, partly whitish and partly dark, these last being some-
times predominant ; tibiae and tarsi red, the hind tibiae being ciliated
outwards, more densely in the male than in the female ; last tarsal joint
black ; claws black with reddish base ; pulvilli yellowish. Wings as in
iiujripes, but with a distinct milky-white tinge.

CORSOMYZA CLAVICORNIS, Wiedeinami (1819).

Closely allied to Irirtipes, but distinguished by the usually much
smaller size and by the entirely black face and black legs. Described
from a male from the Cape, and subsequently recorded from the same
locality bv Walker. There are in the collection a male from Duubrodv,

J *f *'

Uitenhage (Cape), December, measuring G mm. of length, a female
from Namaqualaud, Port ISTolloth (Cape), August, 1890, 6'5 mm. long
(R. M. Lightfoot), and a doubtful female from the same locality,
only 4 mm. long.

Head exactly as in nigripes, but the black outline of the facial
brush is less developed and the first antennal joint has no black tuft
beneath ; beard pale yellowish ; eyes with the division of the broader
areolets less marked than in all the preceding species. Third antennal
joint very characteristic, thin and filiform basally, much broadened
apically on the last third or more, and with the broadened part
incised beneath. Proboscis black, proportionally long, measui'ing
about 3 mm. ; palpi black, long, with a sparse black pile. Thorax,
scutellum and abdomen as in nigripes, but the pleurae and breast
with entirely whitish hairs. Halteres yellow, with a white knob ;
squamae and plumula with a white fringe. Legs entirety black, the
femora with long and numerous white hairs below, which only on the
front pair are more fuscous ; hind tibiae shortly and scarcely ciliated
outwards ; claws black, pulvilli dirty-yellowish.

The female is very like the male, the frons being almost twice as
broad. The broadened end of the third autenual joint is thinner and
more regular ; the fur of the body is coarser.

In a female specimen from Hottentots Holland Mountains,
Caledon, C.C., 1916 (K. H. Barnard), the upper branch of the cubital

78 Annals of the South African Museum.

fork shows in both the wings, at the angular basal bend, a short
stump of vein, which must be considered as the beginning of the
cross-vein Avhich divides the first submarginal cell into 2 cells, as is
sometimes the case with C. anceps, Bezzi.

CORSOMYZA ANCEPS, Bezzi.

A smallish species, with bright fulvous pubescence and with clavate
antennae, distinct by its narrow and conical abdomen, by the dark
halteres, and by the reddish-brown tibiae and tarsi. I have described
the male in my work on the Bombyliidae of the British Museum.
That specimen bears on the wing 3 submarginal cells, making therefore
the separation of the genus CallyntJirophora on this character alone
very doubtful. There is in the collection a very small female from
Namaqualand, Port JSTolloth (Cape), August, measuring only 4mm.
in length ; it agrees with the male, with the following exceptions :
The frons is more than twice as broad ; the face is dark brownish,
with a fulvous brush, which is not marginated with black, but is
entirely black below on the geuae and on the chin. Wings exactly as
in the male, but without any trace of the 3 submargiual cells.

CORSOMYZA BICOLOR, sp. nov., .

A small species allied to the preceding one, but distinct from it and
from any other on account of the wholly black facial brush, in the
centre of which the radiating hairs of the base of the antennae form a
striking yellow tuft.

Type c? , a single specimen from O'Okiep, November, 1886
(L. Peringuey). The possibility is not excluded that the female
described above as belonging to anceps may be that of the present
species, notwithstanding the great difference in the colour of the facial
brush.

Length of body 7'5 mm. ; of a Aving G mm. ; of wing expanse 14 mm.
Head entirely shining black ; occiput with a faint grey tomentum at
the sides on the eye borders and with scarce and short yellow hairs above
in the middle ; hairs of the vertical crest yellow in the middle and black
on the sides ; frons twice as broad as the distance between the basal
ocelli, with a middle longitudinal depression and a basal transverse
furrow ; the frons is anteriorly broader than in the other species, the
antennae being inserted lower down, thus approaching to the condition
found in Callyntliropliora ; it is clothed with long, pale-yellow, erect
hairs with some black ones forming a transverse band before the
ocellar triangle; ocellar tuft pale yellow. Eyes with the upper

On the Bomli/l/iil Fauna of South Africa (Dlptera). 79

areolets only a little broader aud not really distinctly separated from
the others. Face with the brush formed by long and less dense
black hairs, with a few yellow ones scattered in the middle ; the
genae and the chin are likewise clothed with black hairs. Antennae
entirely black ; the first joint short, provided with long and I'adiating
bright yellow hairs ; third joint with the basal half thin and filiform,
the apical half broadened to form an ovate spatula acute at tip, instead
of being obtuse as in clavicornis. Proboscis entirely black, 2 - 5 mm.
long ; palpi elongate, black, with rare black hairs. Hind part of
thorax and scutellum black, clothed with long but not dense, bright
fulvous hairs ; only below the root of the wings there is a small tuft
of fulvous hairs directed backwards. Halteres yellowish with whitish
knob ; squamae small, dirty yellowish, with whitish fringe, the plumule
with yellow fringe. Abdomen black, densely clothed with bright
fulvous equal hairs, even on the belly. The contrast of colour between
the upper and lateral parts of the thorax and head is very striking.
Legs black, the tibiae sometimes with dark yellowish bi'own ground-
colour ; coxae and underside of femora with long, rather rigid, black
hairs ; hind tibiae shortly ciliated outwards ; claws black, pulvilli
dark. Wings exactly as in hirtipes.

CORSOMYZA RUFICORNIS, Sp. UOV., <$ .

A small, rather aberrant species, easily distinguished from any
other on account of its red third autennal joint.

Type $ , a single damaged specimen from the Victoria Falls
(S. Rhodesia), July, 1911 (L. Peringuey).

Length of the body 6 mm. ; of a wing 5'5 mm. Head black ;
occiput grey-dusted with scarce and short whitish hairs above in the
middle. The usual vertical crest seems to be reduced to the ocellar
tuft which is entirely formed by whitish hairs ; eyes with the upper
areolets broader, the smaller ones being confined to the lower third,
and being separated by a sharply defined line ; frons a little broader
than the ocellar triangle, clothed with long black hairs, turning to
whitish before the antennae ; facial brush formed by long whitish
hairs surrounded by not well-defined dark ones ; beard whitish.
First autennal joint short, black, with whitish hairs ; third joint red,
with the basal half thin and filiform, and the apical half a little
broadened to form a dark- spatula bilobate at end. Proboscis broken
off in the type example. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen black,
clothed with long but not dense whitish hairs ; pleurae, breast and
belly likewise whitish haired. Halteres pale yellowish, their knob
blackish above ; squamae very small, with rare and pale hairs.

80 Annals of the Soiith African Museum.

Femora black, with yellow tip, and provided below, like the coxae,
with numerous white hairs; tibiae and tarsi entirely yellow to the end,
the hind tibiae with a few white hairs ; claws yellow, with black tip ;
pulvilli yellowish. Wings whitish hyaline, with yellow veins, distinctly
more elongated than usually ; the venation is typical, but the anal
cell is narrowly open at the hind border.

CALLYNTHROPHORA, Schiner (1867).

I refer to this genus a new species, which is diffei'ent from the
typical ones in having only 2 submarginal cells. But I think that
the essential character of the genus, as believed by its author, is not
to be found in the number of the submarginal cells, which may be
3 even in a true Corsomyza like C. anceps ; we have here a case
analogous to that of Triplasius vittatus and Bombylitis lateralis, which
are evidently congeneric notwithstanding the difference in the number
of submarginal cells. From Schiuer's description it is evident that
the principal distinction is to be found in the shape of the head and
antennae. The frons is in both sexes much broader than in Corsomyza.
Besides the antennae being inserted in a much lower position, the
frous appears to be much longer than the face, and is inflated above
the antennae, being consequently much broader. From this fact is
derived the other that is, the antennae ai~e inserted exactly in the
centre of the facial circular brush, and not on its upper border as in
Corsomyza. The frons declines gradually to the face, because a part
of this last is becoming part of the first, as a result of the lower
insertion of the antennae ; therefore in the female the facial brush is
not so well formed as in the male. The first joint of the antennae is
shorter than in Corsomyza, and distinctly swollen, being nearly of a
spheroidal shape ; the third joint is strongly clavate. All the other
characters, as well as the general facies, are as in Corsomyza. I have
not seen the typical species, but only the following new one :

CALLYNTHROPHORA MARGINIFRONS, sp. nov., c? ?

A small species, distinguished from the typical one by the yellow
colour of the face and of the fore-part of the frons and of the basal
joints of the antennae, and the presence of only two submarginal cells
in the wings.

Type ^ and type $, a single couple of specimens from Nama-
qualand, Port Nolloth (Cape), August (R. M. Lightfoot).

Length of the body 6-6'5 mm. ; of a wing 5-5'5 mm. Body
perfectly conical, the head being broader than the thorax and the

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 81

abdomen being much narrower than the thorax. Head shining black,
but the anterior half or even most of the frons and the whole face are
of a pale yellow colour. Occiput with a faint pale dust on sides at
the borders, and with short and scarce pale hairs ; vertical crest
formed by whitish hairs only. Ocellar tubercle very prominent,
whitish-haired. Frons of the male a little bixtader than the ocellar
tubercle, but becoming much broader in front, being inflated and
measuring in front of the antennae more than four-sixths of the breadth
of the head ; the middle furrow is narrow but well developed, reaching
the base of the antennae ; the hairs are black on the part not clothed by
the facial brush and whitish on the rest ; the eyes have the areolets of
the upper half a little broader but not sharply separated from the
lower ones. Frons of the female gently rounded, inflated, three times
as broad at the vertex as that of the male, measuring f of the
breadth of the head; the division of the black from the yellow
part is formed by a straight line placed nearly at half the distance
between the vertex and the base of the antennae ; the middle furrow
is not distinct ; it is clothed with black hairs on the black part and
with whitish ones on the yellow part, but as the frous merges gradually
into the face and into the cheeks, there is no distinct brush, the face
being entirely yellow and very short. The face is clothed with entirely
whitish hairs, like the cheeks and their sides, which are exceedingly
broad and partly black haired. In the male the face is also yellow,
but has a very well-developed circular brush, which is formed by white
hairs and surrounded by black ones. Antennae with the first joint
short and inflated, almost spheroidal, of a dark, reddish yellow colour,
with long and scarce, rigid black hairs ; second joint very small,
perfectly globular, reddish yellow, black above ; third joint entirely
black, thin and filiform for more than the basal half, and subsequently
dilated to an ovate spatule, which is narrowed at end. Mouth-opening
proportionally small and narrow ; proboscis very short, its end usually
not projecting beyond the end of the antennae, and measuring only
1-1-5 mm. in length ; palpi long, white-haired. Thorax, scutellum
and abdomen black ; in the male they are less shining, and entirely
clothed with rather long but not dense, equal, pale yellowish hairs ;
in the female they are much more shining, with a very short, and on
the abdomen very sparse, pale yellowish pubescence. Pleurae almost
bare, with hairs on the mesopleura only, which are whitish in the
female and partly black in the male. Halteres with a pale yellowish
or whitish knob, which bears a black spot on the upper side in the
male. Squamae whitish hyaline, with a yellow border and a very
short pale fringe which is nearly wanting in the female. Legs
6

82 Annals of the South African Museum.

entirely black, in the male with dark hairs on the coxae and on the
under side of the femora, with whitish ones in the female ; hind tibiae
scarcely ciliated on the outer side ; claws black, with yellow base ;
pulvilli yellowish. Wings whitish hyaline, with yellow veins, and
with the typical venation of Corsomyza, but the anal cell closed
at the hind border itself or rarely very briefly stalked ; the axillary
lobe is also distinctly broader. There is no trace of the ci-oss-vein
forming the third submarginal cell in Callynthrophora

GNUMYIA, gen. uov.

I have to create here this new genus for a form which unites the
characters of Corsomyza with those of Callyntliropliora ; the antennae
and their position are more like those of the former, while the shape
of head approximates more to that of the latter ; there ai'e, moreover,
3 submargiual cells on the wings ; but it differs from both the genera
in the linear third antennal joint, and from all the other genera of
Usiinae in having a short proboscis, which is more like that of a
Muscid than that of a Bombyliid ; the facial brush (in the female)
is indicated only by some denser lateral hairs. Head very broad and
inflated, distinctly broader than the thorax. Occiput a little concave,
not bilobate above; vertex rounded, distinctly lower than the eyes;
there is no distinct occipital fringe. Ocelli disposed in equilateral
triangle on a broad, rounded protuberance. Frons convex, very
broadened forwardly and passing gradually to the veiy broad and
convex cheeks and to the convex face ; the breadth of the f rons at the
level of the antennae is three times as broad as that at the vertex, and
that of middle of face is more than four times such. The face is
separated from the cheeks by a deep furrow, which becomes deeper
below and is directed towards the eyes ; there the furrow makes a
bend and is directed towards the mouth, separating thus the very
broad but short cheeks. The face is densely pubescent, but the hairs
are not disposed to form a distinct brush. Eyes bare, proportionally
narrow, much narrower than high ; in profile they are not broader
than the prominence of the face and of the cheeks before them.
Antennae inserted much above, near the level of the upper border of
the eyes ; they are broadly separated at base, the distance between
them being as broad as that between the 2 basal ocelli ; first joint
rather swollen, but of an elongate cylindrical shape; second joint
globular and setose ; third joint very elongate, equal throughout its
whole length, almost linear, more than twice as loug as the two first
joints together ; it ends in a short, acute point, without a distinct
style. The mouth-opening is proportionally small ; the proboscis is

On the BonibyliiJ Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 83

shorter than the mouth, rather incrassate, and ends with fleshy flaps ;
the palpi are very thin and are a little longer than the proboscis.
Thorax and scutellum with long pubescence, but without distinct
bristles : metapleurae bare ; no distinct plumula ; squamulae with a
long but not dense, haii-y fringe. Abdomen with long pubescence,
and with distinct bristly hairs at the hind border of the segments.
Legs simple ; hind tibiae with long fringe outwardly. Wings of
normal shape. First longitudinal vein very long ; second vein straight,
cubital fork broad, with the upper branch retreating at base and
united with the second longitudinal vein by a cross- vein. Thus three
sul (marginal cells are present : first posterior cell broadly open, broader
at end than on middle or at base, about of the same breadth at end as
the 2nd or the 3rd posterior cell ; discoidal cell about twice as broad
as long, obtuse outwardly, the middle cross-vein placed a little beyond
its middle ; anal cell closed and shortly stalked. Auxiliary lobe
broad ; alula short and rounded ; ambient vein complete ; costa
denselv but shortly pilose at base.
Type : the following new species.

G-NUMYIA BREVIKOSTRIS, sp. iiov.

A black and black-haired species of middle size, with a dark-yellowish
head and pale yellowish wings.

Type 9 a single specimen from Hex River, January 10th, 1882
(L. Pcriuguey).

9 . Length of the body 8 mni. ; of the wing 7 mm. ; of the wing-
spread 16 mm. Head rather shining; the whole occiput is black and
bare, being provided with a rather long, black pubescence only below ;
the vertex is occupied by the broad and flat ocellar protuberance,
which is entirely black and clothed with long, black, erect hairs.
Frous yellowish, but on each side it shows an elongate black spot,
which is in contact with the eyes inwardly and is rounded outwardly;
besides there is a lanceolate small black spot in the middle, with the
base in contact with the ocellar spot near the front ocellus ; the frons is
very shortly pubescent in the middle, and has on the sides black hairs
which are denser near the cheeks. Face and cheeks entirely yellow,
quite unspotted ; they are equally clothed with black hairs, which are
shorter on the face and denser and longer near the eyes ; the cheeks
are yellow anteriorly, but they are merging posteriorly into the black
lower part of the occiput. Antennae with the first joint yellow like
the frons ; 2nd joint more brownish ; 3rd joint entirely black ; basal
hairs of the antennae black. Palpi and proboscis dirty blackish,

84 Annals of the South African Museum.

with short and pale pubescence. Thorax and scutellum shining black,
but the humeri more narrowly so, the postalar cell broadly and the
posterior border of sternopleura with part of the pteropleurae,
reddish brown ; they are entirely clothed with black, long hairs ; the
hairs below the notopleural line at the upper border of meso- and
pteropleura are longer, denser, and tuft-like. Squaniulae dirty
whitish, with a dark border and a pale fringe ; halteres dark yellowish,
with white knob. Abdomen entirely shiny black, even on the venter ;
its long hairs are entirely black, like the long and thin bristles. Legs
entirely black and black-haired, but the tibiae somewhat reddish-
brown and the knees narrowly yellowish. Wings with all the veins pale
yellowish and with the membrane whitish-hyaline, with a faint
yellowish tinge, chiefly at base and along the fore border ; at hind
border they are more iridescent.

HYPEEUSIA, Bezzi.

This genus was founded by me for a robust species of propor-
tionally greater size, from Natal, in the British Museum. The species
here described as new is much smaller than the type-species, but agrees
with it in the low position of the antennae and in the venation,
although the anal cell is open.

HYPERUSIA MINOR, sp. nov.

A small, but robust, black species, resembling the female of the
European Usia versicolor, and very distinct on account of its yellow
antennae.

Type <$ ; a single specimen from Zululand (M'Fongosi), April,
1916 (W. E. Jones).

c. Length of the body 4 mm.; of the wing 3 - 5 mm. Head
entirely shiny black, clothed at vertex, on frons and at sides of face with
rather abundant greyish or pale hairs. The frons is not at all promi-
nent ; it is flat, or even concave on the fore half, and is very broad,
broadening even more forwards, being at level of antennae nearly as
broad as long. The face is very short, and is distinctly reddish-
yellow on sides of the middle ; the mouth border is prominent, and
there is a furrow between the face and the cheeks and jaws. The
antennae are insei'ted very near the mouth border, the mouth-
opening being much produced above ; but in profile they are always
placed near the middle of the eyes ; the two basal joints are short and
black, but the first is about twice as long as the very short second
joint, and is clothed on the under side with rather long, whitish hairs ;

On the Bonibyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 85

the third joint is twice as long as the two first joints together, elongate,
oval, obtuse at end and without style ; it is yellowish, but is blackened
on the apical third. Proboscis very stout, broad at base, quadrate in
section, straight and directed forwards, 1-5 mm. long; it is entirely
shining black. Palpi about as long as | of the proboscis, thin, acxite,
black, with rather long greyish hairs, and with scattered golden-
yellow, scaly hairs below them ; the pleurae are almost bare, but with
a tuft of long and dense whitish hair on upper part of the meso-
pleurae. Scutellum like the thorax, and destitute of bristles at hind
border; squamulae whitish, with a scanty whitish fringe; halteres
with whitish knob and yellowish stalk. Abdomen elongate, attenuated
behind ; it is shiny black, with scattered golden dust like the thorax,
but almost devoid of hairs ; only on the sides are some greyish ones ;
spines of the ovipositor reddish ; venter black, but not shining, and
without o-olden dust. Legs rather short, with coxae and femora

o "

black, tibiae and tarsi yellow ; last tarsal joint blackish ; they have
110 bristles, but only a scarce, pale pubescence ; hind tibiae on outer
side with a long but scanty fringe of hairs. Wings proportionately
short, whitish-hyaline, immaculate, with entire pale yellowish veins.
Their venation is as in Cersomyria ; 2nd vein gently curved and broadly
S-shaped; upper branch of cubital fork not retreating at base;
middle cross-vein placed on the last third of the discoidal cell. First
posterior cell broadened at end, but distinctly more narrow than the
2nd ; the 3rd posterior cell is the narrowest of all, and the 4th is the
broadest of all ; anal cell rather broadly open. Ambient vein com-
plete ; axillary lobe broad, but the alula very short, Costa bare at
base.

MEG-APALPUS, Macquart (1834).

I am attempting here to revive this genus, which was united by
Schiner to Corsomyza ('Novara. Dipt.,' pp. 114 and 139). The likeness
to this last genus is very great : the general shape of the body and
head is the same ; the structure of antennae is very like ; the elonga-
tion of palpi also, and even the shape and pubescence of the legs.
The wings have the same shape and neuration ; only the anal cell is
typically broadly open, or sometimes exceptionally closed at the wing
border itself. The differences are to be found in the much greater
nakedness of the body; in the absolute want of the circular facial
brush ; in the narrow genae ; in the prominent hem at the mouth
border and in the longer proboscis. In the male the eyes have equally
small areolets and are much more broadly separated, the frons being

86 Annals of the South African Museum.

only a little narrower than that of the female. Halteres and wing
veins black.

Notwithstanding Schiuer's contrary opinion, Phthiria capenxis,
Wied., belongs to this genus, and may be considered the type of the
gen. Megapalpus, as stated by Macquart himself in the "Suites a
Buffon" ; the new gen. Dasypalpus founded by the same author in 1840
is based on the difference in the hairiness of the palpi a difference
which does reallv not exist.

MEGAPALPUS NITIDUS, Mac-quart (1840).

A small black species, distinct from all the species of Corsomyza
aforementioned on account of the sparse hairiness of the body, and
of the black balteres and black veins of the wings.

This species strongly recalls the female of the Mediterranean Unia
versicolor, Fabr ; but has a very different head, antennae and wings.

A couple of specimens from Namaqualund, Port Nolloth (Cape),
August, 1890 (R. M. Lightfoot).

Length of the body 3 - 5^1 mm. ; of a wing 3-3'5 mm. Head
broader than the thorax, entirely shining black ; occiput flat, with
very short and scarce black hairs ; frous almost equally broad in both
sexes, flattened, with parallel sides, and having a less distinct median
longitudinal furrow, equally clothed with rather long erect black hairs.
Ocellar tubercle less prominent ; ocelli well developed. Face shoi't,
with a pi'omineut hem at the mouth border, clothed like the narrow
genae with black hairs ; beard white. Antennae entirely black, rather
separated at the base ; they are as described by Macquart, and seem
to be carried in a peculiar way, the third joint being erect and
produced almost at right angles to the first joint ; this last joint is
clothed with black hairs, which are longer below and in the female are
partly of pale colour. Proboscis entirely black, almost as long as the
body, measuring 34 mm. in length ; palpi black, very long, with
short but distinct black hairs (Macquart says that the palpi are yellow
and bare). Thorax, scutellum and abdomen entirely black, rather
shining, with distinct bluish glance in the male ; they are clothed
with scattered, erect, black hairs, rather long in the male and shorter
in the female ; only on the iiotopleural line and on the hind border of
mesopleura are tufts of short, yellowish hairs ; on the sides of the
thorax and on the hind border of the scutellum are rather distinct and
longer bristly hairs. First joint of abdomen with white pubescence
in both sexes, the sides of the other segments with pale short pubescence
in the female. Halteres with yellowish stalk and black knob. Squamae

On the lionibyliid Fauna of South Africa (JDiptera). 87

white, without distinct friuge. Geiiitalia of the male shiny bluish
black, retracted ; those of the female with two broad lamellae. Legs
entirely black, the femora with rare, pale and dark hairs below ; hind
tibiae with 4-5 long- ciliae outwardly in the basal half ; middle tibiae
with two ciliae ; claws minute, black with yellow base ; pulvilli dirty
yellowish. Wings hyaline, with black veins; venation as in Corsomyza,
but the anal cell in the male is closed at the border, in the female it is
narrowly open.

MEGAPALPTTS FULVICEPS, sp. nov.

A very strange and robust insect, which was named by Bigot
" Amid us fulviceps" and which may be provisionally placed in the
present genus.

Type 9 , a specimen from the Cape, Van Ehynsdorp (E. M. Light-
foot), Namaqualand, Port Nolloth.

$ . Length of the body 9 mm. ; breadth of the body 5 mm. ;
length of the wing, 8'5 mm. ; wing spread 22 mm. Head very
developed, and distinctly broader than the thorax. Occiput concave
above, shiny black, but with a broad yellow spot extending from the
neck to the upper corner of the eyes ; it is clothed with short white
hairs, which become longer and denser on the sides and below r ,
merging into the dense white beard of the chin. Frons twice as broad
as the eye, shiny black, but with a yellow curved band on the fore part
above the antennae, in contact with the yellow face ; from the ocellar
tubercle two abbreviate black stripes start hindwards, reaching the
yellow occipital patch. The fi-ons has only scarce and short fuscous
hairs, which are more whitish and longer on the vertical edge ; above
the root of the antennae there is in the middle of frons a circular
depression. Eyes rather narrow in profile. Antennae inserted at the
level of the upper corner of the eyes, very long (measuring 4'5 mm. in
length) and horizontally porrect ; they are entirely black. The first
joint is cylindrical, only a little shorter than the third, with very
scarce and short pale hairs ; second joint very short and lenticular ;
third joint compressed, of an elongate oval shape, broader in the
middle than at the end, obtuse at end. Face very broad and entirely
yellow, shining, with only a small black, transverse spot near the root
of the antennae ; the mantle border is prominent in the shape of a
conical protuberance separated from the broad cheeks and jaws by a
deep furrow ; the entire face is bare, with only a very short and thin,
pale pubescence. Palpi long and thin, black, shortly pubescent ;
proboscis 5 mm. long, horizontal, stout, entirely black, bearing near

88 Annals of the South African Museum.

the base into the oral cavity long white hairs. Thorax very stout,
broad and short, quadrate, shining black, finely punctate ; on the back
it is clothed with a very short white pubescence, which on the sides is
longer and forms a narrow white border. The pleurae are clothed with
longer white hairs, which form very rich tufts on the notopleural line
and on the mesopleurae ; metapleurae bare. Scutelluin like the thorax
and likewise clothed with a short and obtuse, white pubescence ;
mesophragma concealed. Squamulae white, witli a narrow yellowish
border and a short white fringe ; halteres white. Abdomen broader
than the thorax, broader than long, shining black, finely punctate,
clothed with short, whitish pubescence, which is denser on the 2 last
segments ; first and second segment on the sides with rather long
white hairs ; venter shining black. Legs short and stout ; coxae
black, with whitish pubescence ; femora shining black, reddish-yellow
above and at end ; middle femora with a row of long black hairs 011
front side ; tibiae and tarsi reddish, with yellowish spicules, but partly
black on the middle pair ; last tarsal joint deep black ; claws black,
with red base ; pulvilli dirty yellowish. Wings broad and short,
suffused with a faint yellowish tint, more intensive at base and at fore
border, and fainter at the apex, which is hyaline; veins entirely reddish.
Costal cell long and dilated outwardly ; middle cross-vein placed near
the tip of the discoidal cell ; 1st, 2nd and 3rd posterior cell of about
the same breadth at end, the vein between the 1st and the 2nd rather
wavy ; anal cell closed and shortly stalked. The venation is typical as
in Corsomyza.

SUBFAMILY PHTHIRIINAE.

GONARTHRUS, Bezzi.

This new genus was recently founded by me for my Dischistus
cylindricus ; I include here two species described by Bigot and two
new ones. The present genus is very distinct owing to its narrow and
elongate, cylindrical body, devoid of strong bristles ; the moustache is
dense and soft ; the occipital hairs are long and form a very dense
crown. The eyes of the male are coalesced for a considerable distance
and have the upper areolets enlarged ; the frons of the female is
rather narrow. The antennae are long, with the third joint linear and
provided with a very thin terminal style ; the proboscis is rather
short, and sometimes exceedingly short and thick ; the palps are long,
two-jointed, with the apical joint produced outwardly and thus at

Oil the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Dipt era). 89

right angles with the basal cue ; the metapleura is bare ; the legs
have bristly hind femora, bristly tibiae and long pulvilli ; the wings
are short, destitute of a basal hook, comb, and alula. The first vein is
straight and the marginal cell not dilated at end ; discal cross-vein
placed on the last third of the discoidal cell ; first posterior cell
broadly open.

In the collection are three species, to which I can add another from
my own collection ; they may be distinguished as follows :

1 (6). Proboscis very short and thick, shorter than the thorax, with broad

terminal labella.

2 (5). Body clothed with moderately long- hairs, which are of a yellow

colour ; halteres of male white ; tibiae black.

3 (4). Species of larger size, at least 10 mm. long; piibescence of a paler

yellow colour ; ocellar tuft in both sexes and first antennal joint in the
male with black hairs above ; female with black hairs on the vertex.

leucophys, Bigot.

4 (3) Species of smaller size, not over 8 mm. in length ; pubescence of bright

yellow colour ; ocellar tuft and first antennal joint in both sexes
yellow-haired ; female without black hairs on vertex.

xanthiiius, sp. nov.

5 (2). Body clothed with exceedingly long and white hairs ; halteres of the

male with black knob; tibiae sometimes yellow . cycnxs, Bigot.

6 (1). Proboscis thin, longer than thorax and head, with narrow terminal

labella ; basal joint of antennae black- haired above.

chioneus, sp. nov.

GrONARTHRUS LEUCOPHYS, Bigot (1892).

A species distinguished by the short and thick proboscis, the black
hairs on the ocellar tubercle and on the base of the antennae in the
male, the yellow pubescence and the straight, not retreating base of
the upper branch of the cubital fork.

Originally described from the Cape ; there is a male from Barberton,
Transvaal, April, 1911 (H. Edwards).

In the present species the third auteunal joint is very narrow and
acute, being much narrower than the first. The hind femora have
more numerous spines, 3-4 in number; the middle femora have
2 spines.

GrONARTHRUS XANTHINUS, Sp. nOV., g , <j? .

Very near the preceding, but at once distinguished by the smaller
size, the yellow ocellar tuft, the wholly yellow-haired base of the
antennae and the bright yellow colour of the pubescence of the body.

90 Annals of the South African Museum.

A male specimen from Kimberley (Cape) March 14th, 1912 (J. H.
Power), and a female from Potchefstroom (Transvaal) (T. Ay res).

Length of body 7-8 mm. ; of wing 6-7 mm. Occipital border with
veiy long yellow hairs which form a complete crown ; ocellar tuft
yellow in both sexes, but in the male a little dai'ker. Face very short,
with entirely yellow hairs, continued over the very narrow cheeks ;
beard short, yellow ; eyes of male intimately connected ; f rons of the
female less broad than the eye, clothed with dense golden yellow
tomeutum and with erect yellow hairs ; the hairs of the cheeks in the
female are white. Antennae entirely black, the first joint with yellow
hairs, those of the upper side very short, those of the under side very
long; third joint longer than the first two joints taken together,
linear, obtuse at end, not narrower than the second at base, with a
very minute style. Proboscis black, 2 mm. long ; palpi black, pale-
haired. Thorax and scutellum wholly deep black, clothed Avith equal,
dense and rather long yellow hairs, those on the back being pale
shining if viewed from the front ; the hairs on the pleurae are less
pale ; metapleura bare, but concealed below the mesopleural and
squama! tufts ; there are no distinct bristles. Squamae dirty-whitish,
with long yellow fringe ; halteres yellow, witli a white knob. Abdomen
of conical shape, entirely black, clothed with hairs like those of the
thorax, which on the venter are shorter and rarer ; male without,
female with distinct and long, black, bristly hairs at the hind borders
of the segments ; male genitalia black, yellow-haired ; female geuitalia
with broad black lamellae, the upper one rather shining and golden-
fringed at apex. Legs black, with yellowish scales, whitish hairs and
black spines on femora; middle femora with 1, hind femora with 2-3
spines on the apical half. Wings entirely hyaline, narrowly yellowish
near the base ; veins yellow, darkened at end ; upper branch of the
third vein a little 1'etreating at base.

G-ONARTHRUS CTONUS, Bigot (1892).

Allied to the preceding, but distinguished by the very lung, white
pubescence of the entire body and by the black knob of the halteres
in the male sex.

The present species was briefly, but recognisably, described from
the Cape. There are in the Museum Collection numerous specimens of
both sexes from Stelleubosch (Cape) (L. Pc'ringuey), Potchefstroom
(Transvaal) (T. Ayres), Namaqualand, O'Okiep (Cape), October,
1890 (E. M. Lightfoot). One of these examples was labelled by
Bigot as Bombylius niveus, Macquart an impossible thing, however,

On the Bombyliid FID> of South Africa (Dlptera). 91

because iu Macquart's species the discal cross-vein is situated near the
base of the cliscoidal cell.

The length varies between 7 and 11 mm., but usually it is 8-9 mm.
The third autenual joint is very broad in the male, and less distinctly
so in the female ; the hairs of the first autenual joint are very dense
and loiio- underneath : the ocellar tuft is black in the male and dark

O

yellow in the female ; the frons of the female is very narrow, even
narrower than the eye, and on each side of the vertex there is soine-
times a tuft of long yellowish hairs, but no black hairs at all. The
proboscis is black, very short and exceedingly thick, with broad
terminal labella. Thorax, scutellum, and abdomen entirely deep
black, clothed with very long and shining whitish hairs, without
bristles, even on the hind borders of the abdominal segments of the
female ; in this sex there is a short and dense tomentum of more
yellowish colour under the long pubescence. The knob of the halteres
is entirely yellow in the female, and is white with a black band above
in the male. Venter with short and scarce hairs, but concealed under
the very long and dense hairs of the lower sides of the tergites. Legs
with dense white scales, long white hairs and black bristles ; middle
femora with 1-2, hind femora in the male with 2-3, and with 5-7
spines in the female ; they are black, but the tibiae and the tarsi at
base are often of a yellowish ground-colour below the scales. Wings
very short, entirely vitreous and iridescent, with a tuft of silvery
hairs near the base on the outer side ; veins black, yellowish toward
the base; upper branch of the cubital fork a little retreating at
the base.

GONARTHEUS CHIONEUS, Sp. UOV., <$ .

Closely allied to the preceding species, but distinct owing to the
long and thin proboscis and to the basal joint of the antennae being
black-haired above.

Two males in the writer's collection, from Willowmore (Cape),
February, 1907 (Dr. Brauns).

Length of body 7'5-9'5 mm. ; of a wing 5'5-7 - 5 mm. Occipital
crown formed by verv long, white hairs, which appear to be fairly
yellowish near the base; ocellar tuft black, rather short; frontal
triangle very small and deep. Antennae black, with the first joint
rather black, and provided with short black hairs above and with long
ones partly yellowish, partly white below ; third joint longer than the
two first together, linear, obtuse, as broad at the base as the second
joint, with a minute terminal style. Face very short, almost bare,
concealed below the long antenual hairs ; the mystax is confined to the

92 Annals of the South African Museum.

small cheeks, which are clothed by dense hairs, dark yellowish above
and white below, the latter being the more developed ; beard white.
Proboscis entirely black, thin, with small terminal labella, 3-4'5 mm.
long ; palpi black, long, the apical joint with short white hairs. Eyes
intimately connected. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen deep black,
the last a little shining, chiefly at the base of the segments ; they are
entirely clothed with dense, soft, equal, rather long white hairs which
from a front view have a silky sheen, without any dark bristles, even
on the abdomen ; the hairs of the end of the abdomen are narrowly
yellowish at the base ; venter with long hairs, but it is concealed under
the long hairs of the sides of the tergites. Genitalia black. Squamae
white, with yellow border and long white fringe; pleurae densely
clothed with grey-dust. The black band of the knob of the halteres
is limited to the upper side. Legs entirely black, white-scaled, with
the femora white-haired and black-spinose ; middle femora with 2,
hind femora with 4-6 spines ; claws black, with a reddish base ;
pulvilli dirty yellow. Wings hyaline, iridescent, a little whitish on
the basal half and along the fore border, with yellow veins ; base of
the costa with a short tuft of silvery hairs; upper branch of the
cubital fork a little retreating at base.

G-ONARTHRUS CYLINDR1CUS, Bezzi (1906).

Easily distinguished from chioneus, Bezzi, on account of the black
abdominal bristles and of the white knob of the halteres.

Of this widely spread species there is a female specimen from South
Ehodesia, Gwelo, April, 1917 (Miss Skaife).

CBOCIDITJM, Loew (1860).

This genus is not represented in the collection, but I have received
a specimen of the typical species from Willowmore (Cape), and have
seen a new species with unspotted wings from the same locality. Its
nearest ally is Gonarthrus, which, however, differs in the venation
being that of a Dischistus with a broad cubital fork and an open anal

cell.

To Loew's description of the genus may be added : Occiput flat, not
inflated, briefly haired along the border. Ocelli disposed in an equi-
lateral triangle. Eyes of the male united for a long distance, with the
upper areolets enlarged and sharply separated from the smaller ones.
Antennae inserted at the centre between the eyes, approximate at the
base, with the third joint twice as long as the first. Face of the male
with long moustache. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen without distinct

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Dipt era). 93

bristles. Legs without spines on femora, but with minute spieules on
tibiae ; pulvilli long. Squamae briefly fringed. Wings with a broad
and prominent axillary lobe ; alula of median size, rounded.

CROCIDIUM POECILOPTEBUM, Loew (1860).
Dipt. -Faun. Sudafrikas, p. 195, pi. 11, f. 8.

A curious fly intermediate between Dischistus and Phthiria, and at
once recognisable on account of the peculiar wing pattern.

A male specimen in my collection, from the Cape, Willowmore,
January 15th, 1907 (Dr. Brauus). Another male from Ceres (Cape),
Matroosberg, 3500 ft. (R. M. Lightfoot), distinguished on account of
its peculiarly spotted, wings.

The male, hitherto not described, is very like the female. The eyes
are united in a line as long as the frontal triangle ; their enlarged
upper facets occupy two thirds of the eye and are of a reddish brown
colour, while the lower small facetted part is lighter ; the line of
division between them is a very conspicuous one. The facial hairs are
longer than the 2 basal antennal joints. Frontal triangle white-dusted,
as broad as the ocellar one. Pubescence of body and legs distinctly
longer than in the female. Genitalia spheroidal, bilobate, greatlv
developed, grey-tomentose and white-haired.

CROCIDIUM NIGRIFACIES, sp. nov.

Closely allied to unmacnlatus, Bezzi, on account of its unspotted
wings, but at once distinguishable by the completely shiny black, more
convex face, and by the black tibiae.

Type <$ , a single specimen from Bulawayo, September, 1911 (H. C.
Pead).

$ . Length of the body 5 - 5 mm. ; of the wing 5 - 5 mm. ; of the
proboscis 2'5 mm. Head black, but clothed with dense grey dust on
frontal triangle and on cheeks, only the rounded and prominent lower
part of face being shining black. Occipital border with greyish hairs ;
cheeks and lower part of occiput with long and soft white hairs.
Ocellar tubercle prominent, with erect whitish hairs ; eyes rounded, of
great size, touching for a space a little longer than the ocellar triangle.
Antennae entirely black ; first joint about three times as long as the
very short second joint; third joint as long as the two first joints
together, narrow, elongate-oval, with a distinct terminal style. Pro-
boscis black, gently curved downwards ; palpi long and thin, acute,
pilose at the under side. Thorax entirely black, opaque, but clothed.

"94 Annals of the South African Museum.

with dense grey dust ; on the back are 4 blackish, longitudinal, dull
stripes, 2 of which on the middle more narrow, approximate and
abbreviate behind, and 2 broader and abbreviate in front, one on each
side. The hairs on back and pleurae are long, soft, whitish. Scutellum
like the back, with no distinct bristles. Squamulae whitish-pellucid,
with white marginal hairs ; halteres yellowish, with the knob infuscated
above. Abdomen like the thorax and likewise clothed with long whitish
hairs, devoid of bristles ; geuitalia black, grey dusted. Legs quite
black, the knees only being narrowly yellow ; fore femora with long
white hairs; hind tibiae with short, but distinct black spicules. Wings
whitish hyaline, quite unspotted, only the subcostal cell and the stigma
being dark yellowish ; veins yellowish on the basal half, black on the
rest ; cubital fork narrow and elongate, with the upper branch gently
curved at base and originating at an acute angle; middle cross-vein
placed beyond the middle of the obtuse discoidal cell, with a faint
greyish shading in the middle ; first posterior cell broadly open, only a
little narrower than the 2nd following ones, which are of equal width
at end ; anal cell closed and shortly stalked.

PSEUDEMPIS, gen. uov.

Allied to Apatomyza ; and in the same way that this last genus
recalls a Therevid, thus the present one strongly resembles an Empis,
hence the name. It is founded onAmictuslieteropterus of Wiedemanu,
a species which is very different from TJdipsomyza lieteropfera. of
Macquart, which is now placed in Amictns 011 this last species
Eondani in 1863 has founded its genus Thlypsogaster, which has
nothing to do with Amictus lieteropterus, Wied., or as mistaken by
Williston in Psyche, 1899.

The characters of the new genus are as follows : Head rounded, small,
narrower than the thorax ; occiput developed, inflated, without fringe
at the eye's border. Ocelli of greater size, placed on a rounded
prominent tubercle and disposed in an equilateral triangle. Eyes
bare, not indented behind, comparatively small, with equally small
areolets in both sexes ; in the male they are separated, but the frons
between them, is narrower than the ocellar tubercle ; in the female the
frons is broadening, measuring at vertex one-fifth, and before the
antennae one-third, of the breadth of head. Face short, perpendicular,
not prominent, bare. Antennae inserted above the middle of the eyes,
and horizontally porrect ; first joint long, rather thickened, haired ;
third joint much smaller, linear, as long as or a little shorter than the
first two joints together, acute at end, with a thick terminal style.

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Dlptera^). 95

Mo uth opening rather small, horizontal or nearly so ; proboscis twice
as long as the head ; palpi very long and thin, pointed, In-iefly pilose.
Thorax and seutellum without bristles, with only a few thin bristly
hairs; pleurae almost bare; no metapleural tuft. Squamae small,
with short and thin marginal hairs. Abdomen elongate, conical, with
bristles at the hind border of the segments ; male genitalia exserted,
appendiculate below ; female genitalia very peculiar. Legs long,
almost bare, without spines or spicules ; tarsi distinctly thickened ;
pulvilli and claws well developed. Wings long and broad; second
longitudinal vein straight ; cubital fork long and narrow ; discal cross-
vein placed after the middle of the discoid al cell ; only three posterior
cells present, the first being broadened at end, anal cell closed and
provided with a rather long stalk. Ambient vein complete ; axillary
lobe broad; alula small, rounded, ciliated. The stumps of veins on
the outer border of the discoidal cell, figured by both Wiedemann and
Macqiwt, are the rudiment of the vein dividing the second from the
third posterior cell a vein which in the present species is wanting, the
two cells being fused into one.

The new genus Pseudempis is based on the same type-species 011
which Bigot has founded his undescribed genus Pseud oamictus. I
think that the Amictiis lieteropterus of Wiedemann is very different
from that interpreted by Macquart and accepted by me ; this last one
has only 3, Avhile the former has 4 posterior cells. Bigot's species
is evidently the same as that of Macquart.

Type : Pseudempis hderoptera.

PSEUDEMPIS HETEROPTEEA, Wieclemauu (1821).

An elongate species, with wholly infuscated wings, strongly recalling
the European Empis tessellata.

Originally described from the Cape, there is in the collection a
single couple the male from Cape To\vn (L. Peringuey) and the
female from Nainaqualand, O'Okiep (Cape), September, 1890 (R. M.
Lightfoot).

Length of body 10-1O5 mm.; of a wing 1T5-12 mm.; of the
wing expanse 24-26 mm. To Wiedemann's description may be
added : The hairs of the first antennal joint are of a very dark-
yellowish colour, or even blackish, chiefly in the male ; the moustache
is reduced to a tuft of hairs on each side, placed on the lower part of
the cheeks, yellow in the male and white in the female like the
beard and the hairs of the lower part of the occiput. The antennae
are black, but the first joint is grey-dusted ; proboscis black, 3 mm.

96 Annals of the South African Museum.

long; palpi black, with yellowish hairs. The thoracic pattern is very
striking ; the hairs and the pubescence are in the male yellower and
longer, in the female whiter ; but on the sides, on the posterior half
and on the scutellum there are some scattered blackish hairs. Squamae
dirty yellowish, with pale hairs ; halteres yellow, with the knob black-
spotted below. Tomentum of the abdomen golden-yellow in the
male and yellowish -grey in the female ; the venter is grey, with paler
hind borders of the segments. Male genitalia yellowish-red, the
inferior appendices bearing in the inner part a strong black hook ;
female genitalia yellowish, the last abdominal segment being open and
bearing below a horn-like process ; the ovipositor is tubular, with the
basal joint much greater. Legs with the coxae blackish-grey, with
yellow end ; in the female the front femora are in the greater part
black with yellow end, and yellow on the inner side ; the femora are
whitish tomeutose, and have very scarce and short whitish hairs
below ; the greater part of the tarsi is black, chiefly in the female,
in which they are much thickened ; claws black ; pulvilli dark.
Wings with black veins.

PHTHIRIA, Meig.

Illiger's Mag. f. Ins., ii, p. 44, 1803.

This genus is represented in South Africa by some characteristic
species, three of which are represented in the collection.
The species may be distinguished as follows :

1 (2). Body black and yellow ; legs entirely reddish . laeta, sp. nor.

2 (1). Body and legs entirely black.

3 (4). Third antennal joint rather short and less gibbous, pubescence of

the body short ; wings greyish hyaline . . pubescens, Bezz.

4 (3). Third antennal joint longer and very gibbous above; pubescence

long ; wings whitish hyaline . . . lanigera, sp. nov.

PHTHIRIA LAETA, sp. nov.

A yellow and black species near Phthiria nitens, Bezzi, from
Abyssinia, but distinguished by the quite opaque abdomen, and by
the different thoracic and abdominal patterns.

Type 9 from the Transvaal, Florida, December, 1918 (E. W. E.
Tucker).

$ . Length of body 5 mm. ; of proboscis 2'5 mm. ; of wing 5 mm.
Head reddish, quite opaque ; occiput broadly black in the middle ;

On the Iioii<lt>j/ii,} FmiiHi of Mouth Africa (Dipt era). ! ( 7

\vitli a longitudinal, black, median stripe, which is angularly
dilated in front of the ocelli and forms a transverse band above the
root of the antennae.

Antennae ([iiite black, with the third long joint, about linear,
ciliated above, with very short terminal style at its upper angle;
peristome a nd chin yellowish, with long and soft white hairs. Palps and
proboscis quite black. Thorax blackish and opaque on the back,
with a line dark grey tomentum and with whitish hairs ; the humeri, a
narrow stripe above the notopleural line, a broader stripe above the
root of the wings and the postalar calluses yellow. The pleurae are
yellow and opaque, with black spots on the mesopleura and on the
breast ; the hairs are long and whitish. Scutellum yellow, with a very
narrow basal black stripe, and with a broader black apical border,
which is, however, not visible from above. Post- sen tellum and meso-
phragm black ; halteres and squamulae whitish.

Abdomen rather swollen and convex, quite opaque, clothed with
whitish hairs; each segment is of a deep black colour, with a propor-
tionally broad, equal and complete yellow stripe at the hind border;
the second segment has the black part twice as broad as that of the
following segments; vniter with the black and yellow parts of about
the same width, and with whitish hairs. Legs reddish, with pale
yellow coxae, iiifuscated tibiae, and blackish tarsi ; anterior femora
with a black longilucliual stripe on the outer side ; trochanters
blackish ; hairs whitish. Wings greyish hyaline, with yellowish
stigmae ; veins black, with yellowish base ; discal cross-vein placed
at about the middle of the discoidal cell ; cubital fork about three
times as long as broad at end ; anal cell briefly stalked.

PHTHIRIA LANIGERA, sp. nov.

A small, entirely dull black species with whitish wings, entirely
clothed with very long, soft and dense whitish hairs.

Type , from Cape Town (K. H. Barnard) ; ? (rubbed) from
Hottentots Holland Mtns., 4000 ft., Cape.

J . Length of the body 45 mm. ; of the wing 4'5 mm. Occiput,
frous and face, clmhed everywhere with long, whitish hairs. Eyes
touching for a length a little longer than the black, prominent ocellar
triangle which bears only scarce and darkish hairs. The frons above
the antennae is not triangular but transverse, very broad laterally,
merging gradually into the cheeks ; it is very prominent in profile like
the cheeks ; genae very narrow, linear. Antennae entirely black ; first
joint twice as long as the second, with white hairs, while the latter is
clothed above with short, dark hairs; third joint more elongate than in
7

98 Annals of the South African Museum.

the allied species, being 1| times as long as the two first joints together ;
it is very gibbose at its upper border and shows there 2-3 bristly hairs ;
at the end it is almost bifurcated, having above a thick and pro-
portionally long style, and below a point with a tuft of hairs.
Proboscis thin, black, gently curved downwards, 2'2 mm. long ; palpi
very thin and long, black, with scattered short hairs below. Thorax
and scutellum deep black, dull, everywhere clothed with long, soft,
white hairs, without distinct bristles ; the pleurae are hairy only on
meso- and pteropleurae. Squamulae quite white, with scarce and short
marginal hairs of the same colour ; halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen
of conical shape, coloured and clothed like the thorax ; venter more
grey dusted ; genitalia with the lamellae reddish at the hind border.
Legs entirely black, with yellowish knees ; the 4 front tibiae are
clothed with a dense, scaly, greyish dust ; all the femora with long
whitish hairs ; only the middle tibiae with some very short spicules at
the hind side. Wings whitish hyaline, with yellowish stigma ; veins
black, with yellowish base. Second longitudinal vein straight ; cubital
fork proportionally short and widely open at end ; middle cross-vein
placed near the last third of the discoidal cell, which is of greater size
and broadly obtuse at end ; first posterior cell broadly open, broader
than the 3rd, but less broad than the 2nd ; terminal stalk of anal cell
rather long.

The female is like the male ; the broad frons is black, convex and
somewhat shiny above the antennae.

PHTHIRIA PTJBESCENS, Bezzi.

Closely allied to the preceding species, but distinct by the shorter
and yellowish pubescence, by the shorter and less gibbose third
antennal joint which has a much shorter and thin terminal style;
besides, the wings are not whitish. The cubital fork is much longer ;
the middle cross-vein is placed near the middle of the discoidal cell,
and the 3rd posterior cell is more narrowed at end.

Described by me from Willowmore, Cape Colony, in my paper on
the Bombyliidae of the Museum of Budapest, there is a denuded
female specimen from the Transvaal, Junction Crocodile and Marico
Rivers, February, 1918 (E. Tucker).

GEEON, Meigen.

Even this genus seems to be very numerous in South Africa, being
represented in the collection by no less than 5 species. It is interesting

On t/i>' Pini/lii/liid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 99

to note that besides the widely spread G. hi/briclua, all the other species
belong to tlic group in which the cubital fork is long and narrow;
this group seems therefore to lie characteristic of the South African
fauna. The species may be distinguished as follows :

1 (2). U'iii^-s proportionally short, with the cubital fork short and broad,

the second submarginal cell being at end about as broad as its own
length . .... hybridus, Meig.

2 (1). Wings more elongate, with the cubital fork long and narrow, the

second marginal cell being at least twice as long as broad at end.

3 (S). Antennae entirely black; coxae black; halteres with black knob, at

least above in the male ; abdomen quite black.

4 (7). First antennal joint distinctly thickened and clothed with dense and

long hairs ; cheeks clothed with very long and dense hairs.

5 (6). Wings hyaline, eyes of male touching in a long line, the frontal

triangle being small, triangular, grey dusted . barbatus, Bezzi.

6 (5). Wings strongly infuscated ; eyes touching for a short line, the frontal

triangle being broad and deep black . . luctiinsus, sp. nov.

7 (4). First antennal joint very thin and scarcely haired; cheeks not

barbate . ... leptorerus, sp. nov.

8 (3). Basal joints of antennae, coxae and abdomen yellow ; knob of halteres

entirely yellowish ..... dichromus, Big.

GERON HYBRIDUS, Meigeii (1804).

This Mediterranean species is not rare in South Africa ; S. Rhodesia,
Salisbury, May, 1917 (R. W. E. Tucker); Cape Colony, O'Okiep
(L. Periuguey), Transvaal, Barberton, December, 1916 (H. Edwards).

GERON BARBATUS, Bezzi.

Very distinct by the barbate jowls and by the hyaline wings.
Described from the Cape in my work on the Bombyliidae of the
British Museum ; there are specimens from Cape Colony, O'Okiep
and Kuysiia, October, 1916 (L. Periuguey).

GERON LUCTUOSUS, sp. nov.

Closely allied to the preceding species, but at once distinguished on
account of its stronglv infuscated wiu^s.

o t/

Type J and type $ from Basutoland, Maseru (Mrs. Dieterlen).

c , 2 . Length of the body 5-6 mm. ; of the wing 5-6 mm. ; of the
wing spread 12-14 mm. Head black, with a dark grey dust ; occipital
border above and vertex with long, erect, black hairs. Eyes of male
touching for a line as long as the ocellar triangle, while in barbatus
this line is twice as long and more ; they are narrowed above, the
head in profile presenting the characteristic outline of the o-enus
eyes of female broadly separate. Frons grey dusted, broadening

100 Annals of the South African

forwards, being near the antennae more than twice as broad as at
vertex. Face clothed with a dense grey dust and distinctly whitish
below, like the mouth borders ; it is bare in the middle, but at sides
below are long and dense black hairs which are directed forwards and
in contact with the whitish hairs of the genae, thus forming the
characteristic beard; lower part of the occiput likewise white-haired.
Antennae entirely black, but in the case of the types the ;]rd joint is
wanting; 1st joint long, distinctly thickened, and cloihod with vcrv
long and dense black hairs which are more dense, more rigid and
directed forwardly on the underside ; 2nd joint short and globular ;
in the female the first joint is less thickened and less hairy than in
the male. Proboscis black, l'5-l - 8 mm. long; palpi very Ihiii and
long, one-jointed, almost bare. Thorax and scutellum entirely deep
black, opaque ; in the middle of the back there is in front a grey
longitudinal stripe, much broader than that of har/xtf/i* ; the back is
clothed with long, erect, black hairs, but in front and on sides with
pale yellowish ones, and under the hairs there is a short, golden-
yellowish scattered dust ; pleurae with the pale hairs more numerous,
but devoid of golden dust; no distinct bristles. Squamulae whitish,
with black border and with long white hairs ; halteres yellowish, with
the knob black above in the male, but entirely whitish in the female.
Abdomen of elongate conical shape, coloured and clothed like the
back of mesonotum, but with more pale hairs at base and on sides;
the golden dust is, moreover, very abundant in the male ; venter grey,
pale-haired ; male genitalia with shiny black lamellae. Legs with
black coxae, femora and tarsi ; tibiae and base of praetarsi dark
reddish ; femora with yellowish scales and pale hairs ; spicules of
tibiae very small. ' Wings with the veins entirely black to the base ;
they are strongly infuscated. chiefly at base and at fore border, and
moreover along the veins. Cubital fork 2J times as long as broad at
end ; middle cross-vein placed near the middle of the upper border of
the discoidal cell ; apical cross-vein of the discoidal cell very sinuous
and very oblique ; apical stalk of the anal cell rather short. The
greyish prae-discoidal spot is very striking, passing into the blackish 2nd
basal cell. The base of the upper branch of the 3rd longitudinal vein is
nearly above the upper end of the apical cross-vein of the discoidal
cell, while in barl>af/is it is beyond, and in liylridus very much beyond.

GrERON LEPTOCEKUS, Sp. 11OV.

Nearly allied to the two preceding species, but distinct by the less
barbate genae and by the verv different antennae.

the Boiiilitfliiil Fiunni <>f South Africa (Diptera). 101

Type ( , a single specimen from Transvaal, Barberton, December,
191 ft (H. Edwards ); a damaged male specimen from Basutolaiicl,
Likhoele (Dieterlcn) seems also to belong here, but has the knob of
halteres entirely whitish above.

J 1 . Length of body 6 mm. ; of wing 6 mm. ; of wing spread 13 mm.
Head black ; eyes in profile much narrowed above and touching for a
very long line, even longer than in barbatns ; the hairs of occipital
border and of vertex are scarce, short, darkish ; ocellar tubercle black
and very small ; frontal triangle very small and grey-dusted. Face
very narrow, a little prominent, clothed with dense, whitish tomeutum,
quite bare even on the sides ; the genae with scai'ce, white hairs which
are directed forwards ; lower part of the occiput with long white
hairs. Antennae entirely black ; first joint long and thin, not broader
than the third, with scarce, short, darkish hairs ; second joint globular,
third joint linear, gradually tapering into a long point ; it is twice as
long as the first. Proboscis black, l - 5 mm. long ; palpi black. Thorax
and scutellum dull black, the former more gibbose than in the two
preceding species ; the hairs are whitish, and the short dust below
them is whitish, not golden; no distinct bristles. Squamulae whitish,
with yellowish border and with white marginal hairs ; halteres
yellowish, with the knob black above. Abdomen black, narrowly
yellowish at base of venter, and clothed like the thorax ; genitalia
entirely reddish. Legs in the greatest part reddish, only the four fi'ont
femora being more or less blackened ; the coxae are reddish on the
apical half; hairs and dust whitish. Wings greyish-hyaline, iridescent,
with pale yellowish stigma ; veins dark, with yellowish base. Cubital
fork twice as long as broad, obtuse at base, with the upper branch
rounded at base, and originating much beyond the upper end of the
apical cross-vein of the discoidal cell ; middle cross-vein beyond the
middle of the rather elongate discoidal cell, the terminal vein of which
is S-shaped but not much oblique. Stalk of anal cell moderately
long.

GrERON DICHROMTJS, Bigot (1892).

Very distinct from all the other known South African species of the
genus on account of its prevalent yellowish colour.

Described with a query from South Africa, I think that a single
male specimen from Aus, S. West Protectorate, 1916 (Dr. Knobel),
may be referred to it, even if it has the wings quite hyaline. I give
a description of this specimen.

cJ . Length of body 6 mm. ; of wing 6 mm. ; of proboscis, 2'5 mm.
Head black : occiput with scarce and very short dark hairs above like

102 AnnaUb of tlie South African H

the vertex ; eyes of typical form, but not much narrowed above,
touching for a space longer than the ocellar tubercle ; frontal triangle
much narrower, longer than broad, of a dark grey colour; face narrow,
not prominent, quite bare, even the genae being furnished with very
scarce, whitish hairs like those of the lower part of head. Antennae
long and thin ; first joint thin, very scarcely pilose, entirely reddish-
yellow ; second joint globular, reddish-yellow ; third joint elongate,
linear, gradually tapering to a point, entirely black. Proboscis
black. Thorax and scutellum entirely black, but as it seems, they are
entirely clothed with dark grey dust and with whitish hairs.
Squanmlae and halteres dirty whitish, the latter with an entirely
yellowish knob. Abdomen with the sides and the venter entirely
reddish, but the middle of the back black, grey-dusted, with the hind
border of the segments reddish ; it seems to be dusted and hairy like
the back of mesouotum ; end of abdomen and genitalia entirely
reddish. Legs and coxae entirely yellowish, only the last 4 tarsal
joints being black ; they are clothed with whitish scales on femora, and
with scai'ce whitish hairs. Wings quite hyaline, iridescent, with a
pale yellowish stigma ; the veins are yellowish at base, dark in middle
and at eud, and show no trace of fuscous margination. Cubital fork
2^ times as long as broad at end, obtuse at base, its upper branch
originating at a right angle a little beyond the upper end of the apical
cross-vein of the discoidal cell, and rounded at base ; middle cross-
vein placed beyond the middle of the discoidal cell ; discoidal cell
long and narrow, its terminal vein deeply S-shaped but not much
oblique ; apical stalk of the anal cell short.

APOLYSIS, Loew (I860).

A very distinct genus, well described and figured by Loew in his
great work.

APOLYSIS HTJMILIS, Loew (1860).

A very small fly, at once distinguished by its generic characters.
Originally described from Caffraria and the Cape. There are in the
collection some specimens from Cape Town (L. Pi'ringuey).

SUBKAMILY SYSTROPINAE.
SYSTEOPUS, Wiedemaim.

This important genus is represented by 3 species, one of which is
described here as new. There are rather numerous South African
species described ; but some confusion has arisen between them, chiefly

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 103

al unit the interpretation of the S. macilentus of Wiedemann. This
species is indeed figured by its author as having only 2 marginal cells,
while the type at Berlin is said to have 3 of these cells ; it seems that
Macquart, Loew and Schiner have all comprised different species
under the same name. I give here the following table of the known
South African species, to clear up the position of the new species, and
considering all the species as different, according to the characters
given by the authors :

1 (10). Three submarginal cells present.

2 (9). The cross-vein forming- the third submarginal cell imites the upper

branch of the cubital fork with the second longitudinal vein.

3 (4). Eyes of the female narrowly separated ; wings broadly yellow at

base and at fore border .... marshalli, Bezzi.

4 (3). Eyes of the female touching as usual ; Avings not yellow.

5 (8). Front coxae yellow, and moreover there is a yellow stripe above them

on the prothorax ; first posterior cell distinctly narrowed at end.
(i (7). Abdominal stalk black above ; wings rather infuscated.

leptogaster, Loew.

7 (6). Abdominal stalk entirely reddish-brown ; wings more clear.

clavatus, Karsch.

8 (5). Front coxae red ; no yellow prothoracical stripe; first posterior cell

not at all narrowed at end . . . sangnineus, sp. nov.

9 (2). The above-named cross- vein is placed before the cubital fork, uniting

its stalk with the second longitudinal vein.

macilentus, Schin. (nee Wied.).

10 (1). Two submarginal cells only present.

11 (14). Eyes narrowly separated, or only approaching above near the ocelli.

12 (13). Wings wholly infuscated .... macilentus, Wied.

13 (12). Wings with a sharply defined dark fore border . crudelis, Westw.

14 (11). Eyes touching for a long line.

15 (16). No yellow spot above the front coxae.

miobrochus, Speis., macilentus, Macq. (nee Wied.).
Hi (15). A yellow spot above the front coxae . . . snowi, Ad.

SYSTROPUS LEPTOGASTEE, Loew (1860).
A typical male specimen from Durban, April, 1913 (W. Haygarth).

SYSTROPUS SANGUINETJS, sp. nov.

A middle-sized species of Ammopliilus facies, distinguished by the
prevailing red colour of body and legs.

Type <$ from Stellenbosch, November, 1887 (L. Pcriuguey), and
au additional specimen of same sex from O'Okiep. I think that the
present species may be the macilentus-type of Berlin, which is
described by Karsch and by Speiser, in spite of Wiedemauu's figure,
as having 3 submarginal cells.

104 Annals of the South African Museum.

J 1 . Length of the body 14-15 mm. ; of the wing 6'8-7 mm. ; of
the wing spread 15'5-17 mm. Occiput bare, dull black, with a faint,
dark grey dust near the border ; the very small, less prominent, bare
ocellar tubercle is red. Eyes united for a space about as long as the
frontal triangle ; the latter narrow and very acute above, bare, red,
with a tuft of short dark hairs in the middle ; mouth sides silvery,
shining, red <>n terminal and pale yellowish on basal half and on fore
border of chin, which is black with scattered darkish hairs like the
lower part of the occiput. Antennae with the first joint as long as
the two following joints together, red, with short blackish hairs ;
second joint black, one-fourth as long as the first, third joint black, three
times as long as the second, narrowly oval and flattened. Proboscis
black. Thorax deeply punctulate 011 the back and therefore rather
dull ; it is black in centre, red on sides and in front of the scutellum ;
the black of centre runs in front as a narrow point to the junction of
head. Pleurae red, with a broad black patch on mesopleurae, con-
tinued as a stripe in front below the hunieri; themetasteruum is broadly
black behind, and is clothed with silvery, shiny pubescence ; the back
of mesonotum has a short, pale yellowish pubescence, like the meso-
pleurae. Squamulae brown, with scarce dark hairs at border ; halteres
with dark yellowish stalk, and with the knob pale yellowish below,
black above. Scutellum entirely black, like the mesophragma ; lateral
callosities yellow. Abdomen with a long cylindrical stalk formed by
the hind half of the first segment, and by the whole of the second, of
the third and of the fourth segment, the terminal club being thus
formed by three segments only ; first segment with the broad basal
half black, punctulate and pubescent like the back of mesonotum, but
with a red transverse stripe at the extreme base ; the rest of the first
segment as well as the whole of the abdominal stalk to the end of the
fourth segment are entirely red above and below ; the fifth, sixth and
seventh segments are black, rather shiny, but the fifth is broadly red oil
the sides below in front. Genitalia red above, black below, with the
prominent, spine-like lamellae black. Legs and coxae entirely red, but
the front coxae are bristly black on the front side ; the 4 terminal
joints of the tarsi are blackened ; hind legs with the tibiae black on
the thickened terminal part, and with the tarsi entirely black ; spines
of hind tibiae 2:5:2. Wings greyish-hyaline with two distinct
yellowish longitudinal stripes, one along the upper part of the first
basal, the base of the marginal and almost the whole of the first sub-
marginal cell except at its end ; the second along the base of the
second basal and the upper part of the anal cell ; subcostal cell and
stigma dark yellowish. Upper branch of the cubital fork originating

On tlie BonilnjH'nl Fauna <>f ,s',,//.7, A/rini (Diplcra). 105

at a right angle, afterwards bent at right angle and there with the
cross-vein uniting it to the second longitudinal vein; the rest is
strongly S-sliaped. Middle cross-vein on tlie mi. Idle of the discoidal
cell ; iirst posterior cell as broad at end as at base; second posterior
cell in the shape of a regular rhomb ; discoidal cell small and acute,
its terminal cross-vein being S-shaped and oblique ; stalk of the anal
cell long.

SYSTROPUS SNOWI, Adams (1905).

A male example from Zululand, M'Fongosi, May, 1916 (W. E.
Jones).

An example seen and named by Adams from Salisbury (June, 1911),
S. Rhodesia, is in the collection.

SUBFAMILY TOXOPHORINAE.

TOXOPHOEA, Meig.

Illig. Mag. f. Insect., ii, p. '270, 1803.
The species may be distinguished as follows :

1. (2) Wings devoid of a distinct fuscous pattern, only with a faint yellowish
tint on the fore half . . . . inaculata.

'2. ill Wings more or less infuscated, sometimes with the fore half black,
and usually with dark spotted cross-Veins.

3. ((.>) Wings faintly infuscated, with very striking- dark spotted cross-

veins.

4. (.">) Cross-veins broadly infuscated in the shape of rounded spots of

greater size . ..... punctipennis, Bezz.

5. (4) Cross- vein not so much spotted . . . <lij>/optera, Speis.

6. (!>) \Vings with the fore half blackish, tlie cross- veins being thus included

in the general suffusion . . . caernleiventris, JLarsch.

TOXOPHORA MACULATA, Rossi (1790).

A male from Van Wyk's Vlei, Cape Colony, 1875, is tlie first authentic
specimen which I have seen from Africa of this Mediterranean species,
had been already recorded from the Cape by Loew.

TOXOPHORA PUNCTIPENNIS, Be/./.i.

Closely allied to the preceding species, but distinct by the absence
of white scales on the outer side of the antennae, and chiefly by the
three rounded, blackish spots on the cross-veins.

106 Annals of the South African

Described by me from Natal in my work on the Bombyliidae of the
British Museum. There is a specimen from M'Fongosi, Zululaud,
May, 1916 (W. E. Jones).

TOXOPHORA DIPLOPTERA, Speiser (1910).

A species very like T. macultitu, from which it is distinguished by
the bluish-scaled body, and by the infuscated and dark spotted

wings.

Originally described from Usambara, but widely distributed in
South Africa. I believe that Loew mistook the present, species for
maculata. Damaraland, Grrootfoutein, December, 1918 (R. M. Light-
foot) ; Bulawayo, S. Rhodesia, September 3rd, 1913; M'Fongosi, Zulu-
land (W. E. Jones). The female only has white scales, while in the
male those on the middle abdominal stripe are yellow, as also those at
the end of the side stripes.

TOXOPHORA CAERULEIVENTRIS, Kai'Scl) (1887).

A beautiful species, at once distinguished by the blue and white
striped abdomen, and by the blackish fore border of the wings.

Originally described from Delagoa Bay, there is a male from Bula-
wayo, S. Rhodesia, February llth, 1912. The spines of the legs in the
male are typical, but the middle femora have no spines.

Suui'AMiLY CYLLENIINAE.

NOMALONIA, Rondani (1863).

The present genus was founded by Rotidaui on Cyllenia afra Mac-
quart, non Wiedemann ; and it is very fortunate that the collection
contains the two insects of Mac-quart, which are very different from
that of Wiedemann ; we are therefore able to clear up the great cou-
fusion iu Dr. Kertcsz's Catalogue, pp. 69, 70.

The genus is evidently connected with Cyllcnid, with which it
agrees apparently in the venation, having, however, a long praefurca;
but it is distinguished by the broad body, which is devoid of long
bristles on the abdomen, by the bare face, the very different shape of
the antennae, and the long proboscis. In these characters it agrees
with Henica, from which it is separated here only as a tribute to the
memory of Rondani.

The principal features of the genus are : Three well-developed
ocelli disposed in an equilateral triangle. Frons of the male narrowed
at the vertex, but very broad on the fore part ; that of the female

On the Bombyliid Fatnia of South Africa (Dipt era). 107

broad. Face short, bare ; geuae with a very deep furrow, as in
Cyllenia ; occiput less developed than in this genus, but likewise
furrowed above. Antennae inserted at the level of the centre of eyes,
approximate at base ; first joint globular, bare, as long as the second ;
third joint very elongated and bare at end. Proboscis twice as long
as the head ; palpi well developed. Thorax and. scutellum with
bristles on the sides and at the hind border ; metapleurae bare,
squamae rudimentary. Abdomen bi'oad, destitute of long bristles ;
male genitalia much developed and prominent. Legs with spinose
femora and spiuose tibiae ; pulvilli rudimentary, while in Cyllenia
they are well developed. Wings with rudimentary alula ; first longi-
tudinal vein scaled at the base like the costa ; second vein curved at
end, but not recurrent ; a single marginal and 3 submarginal cells ;
discal cross-vein placed on the last fourth of the discoidal cell ; 4
posterior cells all open, but the first being at the end and half as.
broad as the second ; discoidal cell obtuse outwardly, its terminal vein
being straight and a little longer than the distal cross-vein ; anal cell
open, but narrowed at the end; ambient vein entire. The second
longitudinal vein springs from the third at a right angle and has
often the stump of a vein ; the praefurca is very long.

NOMALONIA AFBA, Macquart (1840).

A robust species of proportionally great size, easily recognisable
by the fenestrate wings with a single marginal cell.

Macquart has described the male from the Cape, believing wrongly
that he had before him Henica longirostris = Cyllenia afra, Wied,
There is in the collection a pair from Namaqualaud, Springbok
(Cape) November, 1890 (E. M. Lightfoot). To Macquart's description
must be added : Length of body 11-13 mm. ; of a wing 11-12 mm. ;
of the wing spread 26-30 mm. Occiput red, with a broad yellow
border near the eyes, which becomes broader below ; this border is.
marginated with a black stripe on the upper end, and more bi-oadly
in the female ; it is closed with dense but short white hairs, the eyes'
border, however, being bare ; it is deeply excavated above in the
middle, forming a deep furrow, from which springs the ocellar tubercle.
Ocellar tubercle ovate, greatly developed and very prominent, black on
the fore-half and reddish behind, black-haired in front. Eyes purplish-
black, proportionately small, with equal areolets in both sexes. In the
male the frous at the narrowest point is about as broad as the distance
between the 2 basal ocelli ; in the female it is about i of the head-
breadth ; the frons becomes afterwards very broad, being equally

108 Annals of the South African Museum.

broad in both sexes and measuring about % of the head ; at a level
with the antennae ; it is very convex, and densely clothed with white
or whitish thick hairs, with some black ones in the basal half, more
numerous in the female ; the colour of the frons is a pale yellow like
that of the face and of the cheeks, with a faint white dust. The face
and the cheeks are bare and rather shining ; a deep furrow divides
the prominent mouth-border from the reddish gense, which are clothed
beneath with short vellowish hairs, like the chin. Antennae inserted
in a depression between the arched frons and the prominent face ; first
joint short, globose, bare, pale yellow ; second joint shorter and
smaller, reddish; third reddish, with the stvliform terminal part
black, in the female entirely black, three times as long as the first two
together, linear, gradually tapering to a styliform point. Proboscis
5 - 5 mm. long, entirely black; acute; palpi thick, straight, black, not
prominent but long, clothed with yellowish hairs. The praesutural,
supra-alar and postalar bristles are long and numerous ; there is
besides a very dense tuft of short bristles on the xipper border of the
niesopleura, just below the notopleural line ; scutellum with 6-8 pairs
of strong marginal bristles ; all the above-named bristles are black
in colour. Pleurae entirely reddish, grey-dusted, with scarce scaly
tomentum on mesopleura and sternopleura, yellowish or whitish in
colour like that of the back. The small squamae are whitish, with
short, whitish fringe. Abdomen broadly conical in the male, obtuse
and more flattened in the female ; its ground-colour is red, but each
segment has a broad basal black bandiu the middle ; in well-preserved
specimens the whole abdomen is clothed by dense, scaly tomeutum,
which is white on the venter, sides and end, and much darker-yellowish
above and at the base ; on the sides and at the end there are short
black bristles. The male genitalia are very long and prominent, red,
black and pale-pubescent, and surrounded at the base with black
bristles ; female genitalia with dense and long anal tuft of golden-
yellow hairs. Legs reddish, irregularly darkened and blackened, pale
tomentose ; they have numerous and strong black bristles on all the
coxae ; the femora underneath bear two rows of bristles, shorter and
less numerous on the front pairs : tibiae with many rows of long
spines, like the underside of the tarsi at the base. The three last
joints of the front and middle tarsi with a peculiar structure ; in the
male they are of a semiluuar form, and are provided below with a
dense and soft fringe without bristles, with the exception of a single
strong bristle at the base of the third segment. Claws strong and
short, black, with dark-reddish base. The wings are greyish-hyaline,
more or less mfuscated towards the middle, but not at the end as in

On the Binnhi//!i<f Fauna of South Africa (Dipt era). 109

longirostris, and hyaline ai'ound the transverse veins ; the veins are
pale yellow, darkened at end ; the scaly hairs on the base of the costa
and first vein are yellowish ; there is sometimes the recurrent stump
of a vein in the basal angle of the second longitudinal vein.

HENICA, Macquart (1834).

The characters of this genus and the differences from Cyllenia have
been pointed out by Loew under the name of Lagocldlus ; Loew has
also noticed the length of the praefurca, or, as he says, the shortness of
the first submarginal cell. This character shows an affinity between
Heinea and Nomalonia and the true Exoprosopinae, and it is important
to note that Wiedemann first described the species as belonging to
Anthrax. Both genera have a rather isolated position in the Cylleniiuae.

HENICA LONGIROSTRIS, Wiedemann (1878;.

A well-known, common South African species, very distinct owing-
to the peculiar venation.

A couple of specimens from the Cape, Hex River, November, 1882,
labelled by Bigot " CyUemapluricellata, Macq." ; another female speci-
men from Stelleubosch (Cape), L. Pt'ringuey.

The four anterior tarsi of the male have the same structure as
described above for Nomalonia afra.

PERINGUEYIMYIA, Bigot (1886).

A genus briefly described by Bigot, and with affinity to Amicttm,
from which it differs chiefly in the recurrent, strongly looped end of the
second longitudinal vein, and in the long, strongly curved and
appendiculate upper branch of the cubital fork. The structural
features of the genus are as follows : Body broad and stout ; abdo-
men depressed. Head with the occiput much inflated above; the
middle longitudinal furrow of the vertex is present, but it is much less
pronounced than in Cyllenia; ocular border bare. Ocellar tubercle
less prominent, with three well -developed ocelli, disposed in an equi-
lateral triangle. Eyes bare, with non-indented bind border and with
the upper areolets distinctly enlarged in the male ; they are closely
approximate together for a long distance, but not touching in the male
and not broadly separate in the female. Vertical triangle of male
small many times smaller than in Henica or in Nomalonia. Face
short, not pi'ouiinent, with a fine moustache of dense hairs on the sides

110 Annals of the South African Museum.

and 011 the mouth-edge ; cheeks and chin narrow ; mouth-opening
long. Antennae short, inserted over the centre of the eyes, approxi-
mate at the base; first joint thickened, provided with a tuft of very
long and dense hairs below ; second short and globular ; third joint
much smaller and a little longer than the first, with the basal half
ovate and the apical half styliform. Proboscis short and thick, not
longer than the head, with broad terminal labella ; palpi thin and
rather long. Thorax villose, with long but not rigid praesutural,
supra-alar and postalar macrochaetae ; scutellum with bristles at the
hind border ; metapleurae and hypopleurae bare and shining. Squamae
short, but well developed and fringed. Abdomen villose, but without,
bristles at the hind border of the segments. Male geuitalia of
great size and complicated, but not prominent. Legs stout, with
spiuose femora and tibiae ; pulvilli well developed, long. Wings
long, with no distinct alula; second longitudinal vein much looped
:at the end and retreating, reaching the costa nearly in contact
with the first vein, the marginal cell being therefore very broadened
;at end but almost closed ; praefurca very short ; upper branch of
cubital fork very retreating at base, and there angulate and provided
with a recurrent stump ; distal cross-vein placed in the last third
of the discoidal cell, which is long, and with the vein dividing it from
the third posterior cell very long and S-shaped. First posterior cell
closed at border, anal cell open but narrowed at end ; axillary lobe
proportionally short : ambient vein complete. There are 2 sub-
.marginal and 4 posterior cells present.

PERINGUEYIMYIA CAPENSIS, Bigot (1886).

A rather hairy species, reminding one of Nomalonia afra, and at
once distinguished by the black punctate Avings.

Originally described from the Cape, there are 1 male from Nama-
qualaud, Springbok, November, 1890 (R. M. Lighfoot), a male
from Graries (Cape), November 28th, 1885 (L. Peringuey), labelled
by Bigot (type) ; and another female from Bushmaiiland, Jackal's
Water, October, 1911 (R. M. Lightfoot).

Length of body 9-12'5 mm. ; of wing expanse 20-26 mm. Head
entirely black ; occiput rather shining, grey-dusted near the eye-
borders, with short pale yellowish hairs ; ocellar tubercle black and
black-haired ; frontal triangle of male bare, densely grey-dusted. The
linear frous between the eyes is not broader than the front ocellus. Frons
of female at the vertex not more than \, and at the base of antennae !
of the head, shining black, black-haired near the ocelli, white-haired on

On f/n' liuinliijli'ul Fan int of froiitli Africa (Dipterci). Ill

the remainder, more densely near the antennae. Hairs of moustache
white or pale yellowish. Antennae entirely black ; the short hairs on
their upper side are black, very long and dense ; the hairs of the under
side are white ; proboscis and palpi black. Thorax and pleurae entirely
black ; the back is clothed with a rather long and dense, pale yellowish
or dirty whitish pubescence, and with a little longer, numerous black
hairs. The bristles are black ; some have yellowish tips ; the pleurae are
shining, with tufts of whitish hairs only on the propleurae and the
hind border of the mesopleurae. Scutellum red, with a narrow black
base, and bearing a pale yellowish pubescence, longer black hairs, and
yellowish bristles along the hind border. Squamae dirty yellowish,
with golden or whitish yellow fringe ; halteres with a dark stalk and
whitish knob. Abdomen black, with the hind border of each segment,
the first excepted, with a narrow but complete reddish-yellow baud,
which is broader in the male; venter black, grey-dusted, with long
whitish hairs. The pale yellowish or whitish pubescence of the upper
side is rather long and dense, chiefly on the sides of the first segment ;
iu the female the pubescence on segments 1-5 is quite white, and
forms short bands on the ventral side of the hind border of the termites.

o

Male genitalia red, the end of the abdomen in this sex is black
pilose below ; the ovipositor of the female appears provided with a
circlet of long spines, like that of some Exoprosopinae. Legs black,
grey-scaled; tibiae and basal joints of tarsi reddish yellow; the coxae
are densely pilose, the hairs being white above and black below ;
all the femora are black spinose underneath, like the tibiae ; claws
black, with a reddish base ; pulvilli dirty-yellowish. Wings whollv
hyaline, vitreous ; veins yellow, darkened outwardly ; costa with black
hairs at the base, but the first vein is entirely bare. The dark spots
are 011 the short praefurca, on the discal cross-vein and on the
angulate base of the upper branch of the cubital fork ; three smaller
and less distinct spots are situated on the base of the fourth posterior
cell, on the inner base of the third posterior cell, and on the base of
the second posterior cell ; sometimes there is also a less distinct spot
at the closed end of the first posterior cell.

SIBFAMILY LOMATIINAE.

LOMATIA, Meigen (1822).

The rather numerous South African species of this genus can be
divided into three groups, based on the shape of the third anteimal
joint and on other characters. These groups are different from those
proposed by Loew ; they are distinguished as follows :

112 Annul* of tJie Sfinfh African Museum.

1 (2). Wings narrow and long, with the tipper branch of the cubital fork

angulate at the base and there provided with a recurrent veinlet;
discoidal cells three times as long as the second posterior cell and
very acute outwardly : third antennal joint in the shape of a very
long, acute cone, linear ; praesutural macrochaetae black ; hind femora
with many spines below. (First group) . acutangula, IiOew.

2 (1). Upper branch of cubital fork not appendiculated and discoidal cell not

more than twice as long as the second posterior cell ; third antennal
joint not linear.

3 (14). Third antennal joint broad at base and afterwards forming a verythiii

and long stylif'orm point : wings with a more or less extended pattern,
with a distinct basal comb ;md with a rather long discoidal cell;
praesutural bristles yellow; hind femora with many spines below.
(Second group.)

4 (9). Species of great si/e, with the wing pattern extended to the hind

border, and with clear stripes on the fuscous middle area ; anal cell
with narrow end.

5 (6). Legs entirely yellow ; wings infuscated, with a whitish end, and a

whitish, longitudinal middle st . longitudinalis, Loew.

6 (5). Legs entirely black, or with dark-yellowish tibiae or base of tarsi.

7 (8). Wings with the fore basal half infuscated and the hind half clear

with broad fuscous borders of the veins ; body pubescence pale
yellowish; tibiae with yellow ground-colour . liturata,~Loew.

8 (7). Wings yellow and brown on the disc, with a broad brown, praeapical

band and a brown hind border ; pubescence bright yellow or golden ;
tibiae black . . . . pictipennis, Wied.

9 (4). Wing pattern limited to the fore border, not extending in the middle

over the fourth longitudinal vein; if the hind border is infuscated,
there are no clear stripes in the middle ; anal cell less narrowed at
end ; species of medium size.

10 (11). First basal cell infuscated at the base only and first submarginal cell

entirely hyaline in the male; antennal tuft with black hairs on the
inside ... ... simplex, Wied.

11 (10). First basal cell entirely darkened as far as the discal cross-vein in

both sexes and first submarginal cell darkened at base.

12 (13). First posterior cell not narrowed at end; wings with the hind half

rather infuscated . . infuscata, sp. nov.

13 (12). First posterior cell much narrowed at end ; wings with the hind half

quite hyaline ... . conocephala, Macq.

14 (3). Third antennal joint in the shape of a short cone; wings entirely

hyaline, without basal comb ; thorax with black praesutural bristles
and provided with a distinct collar of black bristly hairs in front ;
hind femora with a few bristles below ; smaller species, of a deep
black colour, with silvery hairs on abdomen. (Third group.)

15 (16). Tibiae yellow; pubescence on pleurae and abdomen of a yellowish

colour ... . latmscula, Loew.

16 (15). Tibiae black; pleurae and abdomen with white pubescence.

tenera, Loew.

O/i flte fiomlii/fHJ Fa/uiu <;/ <SW/// Afrirx (J)ijift'ra). 113

LOMATIA ACUTANGULA, LoeW (1860).

Dipteren-Fauua Siid-Afrikas, p. 203, pi. ii, fig. 10.

A species very distinct from any other on account of its slender
body and of the very long and narrow wings, which have besides a
peculiar venation.

Originally described fi-om Caffraria, and subsequently recorded
from Pi-etoria (Transvaal), there are in the collection some specimens
from M'Fougosi, Zululand, February and December (W. E. Jones).

In the present species the middle femora have 2 strong spines in the
middle of the fore side, and the hind femora 3-4 spines below. The
hitherto unclescribed male is very like the female ; the eyes ai'e
more approximate but always more distinct than in the allied species ;
the ocellar tubercle is curiously shaped, with a prominent border
behind.

LOMATIA LONGITUDINALIS, Loew (1860).
Dipteren- Fauna Siid-Afrikas, p. 204, pi. ii, fig. 11.

A gigantic species, very different from any other by having wholly
yellow legs. Originally described from Caffraria, there is a male
specimen from Berg River (Cape).

Middle femora with 4, hind femora with 8-9 spines.

LOMATIA LITURATA, Loew (1860).
Dipteren-Fauna Siid-Afrikas, p. 205, pi. ii, fig. 13.

A species distinguished by the yellowish tibiae and by the peculiar,
often less pronounced coloration of the wings. Described from the
Cape, and recorded with a doubt from Barber-ton (Transvaal), there are
a couple of specimens from Potchefstroom (Transvaal) (T. Ay res).

Middle femora with 5-6, hind femora with 7-8 spines.

LOMATIA PICTIPENNIS, Wiedemann (1828).

Loew's Dipteren-Fauna Siid-Afrikas, pi. ii, fig. 12.

A well-known species, easily recognisable by the black legs and the
very variegated yellow and brown wings.

Common in South Africa; M'Fongosi, Zululand, December, 1911
(W. E. Jones) ; I have received it also from Grahamstown, March,
1909 (Miss Dale).

Middle femora with 3, hind femora with 5-6 spines.
8

114 Annals of the South African Museum.

LOMATIA SIMPLEX, Wiedemann (1819).

A smaller species, very distinct from the others of the present
group owing to the reduced wing pattern of the male, the first basal
cell being darkened at the base only.

This species seems to be common in South Africa ; there are many
specimens of both sexes from Barberton, Transvaal, December, 1911
(H. Edwards) ; a large male specimen from Hex River (Cape) is
labelled by Bigot as Anthrax albifrons, n. sp. ; it has a wholly yellow
antenual tuft. The present species is variable in the coloration of the
hairs on the face and frous, which in the male are often white, not
yellow ; in the female the hairs of the under side of the first antennal
joint have usually no black hairs on the inner border, while in the
male they Jiave such as in pulchriceps. Middle femora with 2-3, hind
femora with 3-4 spines.

In the female the wings are more infuscated ; the first basal cell is
fuscous to the end, and the second basal cell, and often even the
discoidal cell, ai-e also infuscated.

LOMATIA INFUSCATA, nov. sp., $ .

A rather large species, distinct from the others by the wholly
infuscated wings, which are destitute of clear stripes, but show a
distinct fuscovis pattern, of the type of that of pulchriceps.

Type 9 > a single specimen from Pinetown, Natal, June, 1883
(G. H. Bowker).

Length of body 1O5 mm. ; of a wing, 10 mm. Occiput shining
black, with faint grey dust ; scarce golden tomeutum and short
yellowish hairs along the borders of the middle depression. The longi-
tudinal furrow behind the vertex is narrow but deep ; ocellar tubercle
bi'own, with a prominent hind border, black haired ; frons shining
black and black pilose, with a transverse band of golden hairs above
the base of the antennae. Face and cheeks black, with golden hairs ;
chin black, almost bare. Antennae entirely black ; first joint black
and briefly hairy on the upper side, with a long tuft of rigid golden
hairs underneath and with black ones intermingled on the inner side >
third joint at the base as broad as the second, gradually tapering in a
long styliform point, which is of a reddish colour at end. Proboscis
and palpi black. Thorax and scutellum deep black, densely clothed
with golden yellow hairs ; the bristles are yellow or dark yellowish,
but the 2 praesutural ones on the right side are quite black (in 2
specimens of the British Museum these bristles are, however, entirely
yellow, which may be the rule) ; pleurae black, densely grey-dusted,

(hi the Eiiinlnjlinl Fauna of Hi<tlt Africa (Di/tfi'ni}. 115

with golden yellow liairs ou propleura, mesopleura and sternopleura.
Squamae black, with golden fringe ; lialtcres dark yellow, with paler
kuob. Abdomen entirely black, a little shininy, broader than the
thorax, with faint bands of golden tomentum at the hind border of
the segments, and with golden-yellow hairs dense and long on the
sides and long black hairs intermingled after the middle ; venter
black, grey-dusted and yellow-haired ; geuitalia with a dense and long
tuft of metallic shining hairs. Legs entirely black, with dense
yellowish scaly tomentum on femora and outer side of tibiae ; all the
spines are black ; middle femora with 4, hind femora with 2-3 spines ;
claws short, black ; pulvilli blackish. Wings long, shining, iridescent,
rather iufuscated over the entire surface (but it is possible that in the
yet unknown male they are clear at the hind border, because in the
present genus the females have the wings always darker than the
males) ; the usual pattern, filling out the fore border and the first
basal cell to the discal cross-vein, is distinct and very dark ; venation
typical. First posterior cell not narrowed at end ; discoidal cell more
than twice as long as the second posterior cell ; third posterior cell
very narrow and long ; anal cell narrowed at end, more than in the
applied species. Base of wing blackish ; basal comb less developed.

LOMATIA CONOCEPHALA, Macquart.
Dipt. Exot,, ii, p. 62, pi. xx, fig. 1 (1840).

Easily distinguishable from the allied species by the much narrowed
end of the first posterior cell and by the infuscated lower end of the
second basal cell.

Macquart has described in an unrecognisable manner the female from
the Cape as Anthrax conocepliala ; but as the figure represents without
doubt the wings of a Lomatia of the present gToup with a narrowed
end of first posterior cell, I think that this name should be retained
for the present species. There is a male from Smithfield, Orange
Free State, September, 1910 (Dr. D. Kannemayer) .

Occiput black, briefly black-haired above and grey-haired on sides ;
frous black, with the basal half black-haired, the apical half with long,
pale-yellowish, sericeous shining hairs divided along the middle line
and directed outwards. Antennae black, the hairs of the lower side of
the first joint being entirely yellowish like those on face and cheeks.
Hairs of thorax pale-yellowish on back and whitish on sides ; bristles
yellow. Scutellum black, haired as the thorax. Squamae dirty-
whitish, with brown border and dense white fringe ; halteres yellowish,
with whitish knob. Abdomen entirely black, hairy like the thorax,

116 Annals of tlie South African Museum.

with black hairs intermingled at end ; the hairs are dense and long
011 the sides, and have a white sericeous sheen ; venter grey-dusted
and pale yellowish tomentose, with scarce but long pale hairs. Legs
entirely black, yellowish or whitish scaled, with pale hairs on coxae
and under side of femora, and with black spines ; middle femora with
4-5, hind femora with 5-6 spines ; claws black, pulvilli blackish.
Wings hyaline, with a long, black basal comb and black veins ; costal
cell, marginal cell to the end of the first veiu, first submarginal cell at
base and first basal cell to the distal cross-vein infuscated ; base of
wing infuscated above and yellowish below ; second basal cell in-
fuscated at base, at the fore-border and on the vein dividing it from
the fourth posterior cell ; first posterior cell much narrowed at end,
nearly as narrow as the anal cell ; discoidal cell twice as long as the
second basal cell.

LOMATIA PULCHRICEPS, LoCW (1860).

Closely allied to conocepliala, Macq., but distinguished by the black
and stout prae-alar bristles, and by the white tufts below the antennae.

A specimen from Salisbury, Arcturus, 1916 (Dr. Melle), and another
from M'Fongosi, Zululaud (W. E. Jones).

LOMATIA LATIUSCTTLA, Loew (1860).

A smallish, deep-black coloured species, very like a little Tliyrid-
anthrax with hyaline wings, easily distinguishable from the allied
species by its yellow tibiae.

Described from the Cape. I have received a specimen from
Grahamstown (Cape), February, 1903 (Miss Dale and Miss M. Soly).

In this species the bristles of the collar in front of the thorax are
thin and yellow, but the praealar bristles are strong and black.
Middle femora with l.hind femora with 1-2 spines; the spicules of
the 4 hind tibiae are very long and sti'ong, but less numerous than
usually.

LOMATIA TENERA, Loew (1860).

Nearly allied to the preceding, but at once distinguished by the
black collar in front of the thorax and by the entirely black legs.
Originally described from Caffraria, there is a single male specimen
from Bulawayo (South Rhodesia), December llth, 1911. The femora
are as in the preceding species ; the tibiae have numerous but thin
spicules,

On f/ic BniiiliiiHitl l<'<iinia <>f Smith Africa ( Dijitcra). 117

PTERAULAX, gen. nov.

The present new genus is very near Cononedys and Aphoebantw ;
with them it forms a small group distinct in having no prominent face,
separated antennae, united eyes of male, a folded wing membrane,
short praefurca, and the second vein originating at an acute angle.
In general shape, however, this group agrees perfectly with that of
Ple8iocera-Stomylomyiaa,nd.vriih that of Petrorossia-Chionamoeba ; and
therefore I place all these 3 small groups ef Becker with Lomatia in a
single group of Lomatiinae.

The structural features of the new genus are as follows : Head
nearly spherical, broader than the thorax. Occiput convex and
prominent, with a very deep post- vertical furrow, trilobate above ; it
is excavated in the middle and destitute of fringe at the border. Eyes
bare, of great size, with a very developed indentation in the middle of
the hind border and with a well-developed bisection line ; in the male
they have the upper inner areolets much broader and are united for
a rather long line ; in the female they are broadly separated and have
equally small areolets. Ocellar tubercle prominent but small, ovate,
with three equidistant ocelli. Face broad, long, not prominent, pilose ;
genae very narrow ; chin broad and flat, destitute of long beard.
Antennae short, inserted a little above the middle of the eyes ; they
are broadly separated at the base, but the first joint shows a pro-
tuberance on the inner side by means of which the antennae are
approximate ; the hairs of the under side are not tuft-shaped as in
Lomatia. The second joint is short and globose ; the third joint is as
long as the 2 first joints together, broadened and rounded at base, and
narrowed to form a point half as long as the first, which bears at the
end a well- developed, bi-articulate style. Mouth-opening of small
size, oval ; proboscis very short, shorter than the head, thick, with
broad terminal labella ; palpi short and strong, less pilose, bi-articulate,
the apical joint ovate, about half as long as the first. Thorax convex,
with strong and long praesutural and supraalar bristles, and also
with 2 pairs of bristles in front of the scutellum ; metapleurae bare ;
squamae rather developed, with short fringe; scutellum developed,
with some bristles at hind border. Abdomen of conical shape, in the
male very narrow and obtuse, in the female more depressed, broader
and acute at end. Male genitalia of great size, rounded, closed ;
female genitalia with dense tuft of hairs. Hind border of the
abdominal segments with more or less developed rows of bristles, more
developed in the female. Legs strong ; hind femora much spiuose
beneath ; spicules of tibiae long and thin ; many long spurs at the

118 Annals of the South African Museum.

end of the tibia. Claws long ; pulvilli well developed. Wings short
and narrow, without basal comb, and with the membrane strongly
folded (whence the name Pteraula.K). Base narrow, the alula less
developed, but distinct and rounded ; praefurca short. Second and
third vein at an acute angle ; second vein looped at end, but not
retreating ; cubital fork broad, retreating at the base of the upper
branch and united with an appendage to the second vein. Therefore
there are 3 submargiual cells, the base of the upper branch of the
cubital fork in the shape of a short cross-vein between the appendix
and the rest, which are on the same line. First posterior cell closed
before the border, acute at end, and provided with a rather long stalk ;
discoidal cell obtuse at end, less than twice as long as the second
posterior cell, the discal cross-vein placed a little before its middle ;
2nd, 3rd and 4th posterior cells of equal breadth at end ; anal cell
long, with parallel sides, narrowed at end but open. Ambient vein
complete ; axillary lobe well developed.

In the allied Cononeclys stenura, Loew, there are no pulvilli ; but in
C. erytliraspis they are present, and Prof. Hermann has proposed for it
a new genus, Conugasttr a name which cannot be maintained, because
it is preoccupied in the Diptera by Brauer and Bergeustanim, 1892.

Type : The following new species.

PTEKAULAX FLEXICORNIS, sp. nov., , $ .

An ApJioebantus-]ilz.e species of middle size, very distinct owing to
its singular venation and by the shining black hind part of the
scutellum.

Type ^ and type $ ; a single couple of specimens from Bush-
manlaud, Een Eiet (Cape), October, 1911 (E. M. Lightfoot). 1
have seen in the Museum of Budapest a second species from Willow-
more, in which the scutellum is not shining black behind and the
abdomen is more setose.

Length of the body 10 mm. ; of a wing 7 mm. Entirely black,
grey-dusted, and white and yellowish tomeiitum. Occiput dark grey-
dusted above and paler grey below, with short greyish pubescence
and white scales on the sides near the eye's indentation. Ocellar
tubercle black, grey or brownish-haired. Frons of the male grey-
el usted and entirely clothed with whitish hairs, like the face; frons of
female shining black, with brownish hairs, with whitish ones like
those of the face in front only. Antennae black ; first joint with
whitish hairs. Proboscis black ; palpi yellow. Thorax black ; on the
back it is dark grey-dusted, with three distinct but narrow longitudinal

(hi tin- Unii/h///!/*] l'\iinni of Smith Africa (Dipt era). 119

stripes of paler dust, one along the middle line, the others along the
dorsocentral lines. The hairs in front and on the sides are pale
yellowish or whitish ; in the female there are besides numerous short
bristles on the notopleural line. Pleurae with pale grey dust, and with
white scales on the lower part of the mesopleura and on the steriio-
pleura ; the mesopleural hairs are greyish. Scutellum grey-dusted
at base and with yellow tomeutum, shining black at the hind border
and on the sides ; the bristles of the hind border are yellow or
yellowish. Squamae dirty whitish, with pale yellow border and white
fringe ; halteres yellow, with darker knob. Abdomen black, grey-
dusted ; the segments have whitish scales at the base on the sides and
on the hind border, and yellow scales in the middle ; first segment
with long, dense, whitish hairs, the other segments with scarce, grey
or pale yellowish hairs, .more developed in the male. The ventral side
of the tergites has a narrow yellow border ; venter grey-dusted, white-
scaled, with greyish hairs. Male genitalia grey, with the lower border
of the lamellae reddish ; terminal tuft of the female genitalia of
golden yellow colour. Coxae and femora black, grey-dusted, wliite-
scaled, whitish haired ; the 4 anterior femora only narrowly yellow at
end : middle femora with 3-4 yellow spines on the middle of the
anterior side ; hind femora with 6-7 whitish or yellow spines below,
which in the male are very long, forming near the base a tuft of
4-5 longer ones placed in many rows. All the tibiae are pale yellowish,
with numerous and long yellowish or whitish spicules and spurs, even
on the front pair. Tarsi pale yellowish, darkened at end, Avith whitish
or yelloAvish spines at end of the two first joints ; claAvs pale yellowish
with black tips ; pulvilli Avhitish yellow, longer in the male than in
the female. Wings hyaline, vitreous, iridescent ; veins black, the
first and the extreme base of the others being yellow ; alula pale
yelloAvish, Avith a short Avhite fringe. In the present species the
recurrent A r einlet dividing the first from the second submarginul cell is
about twice or even a little more as long as the basal part of the
upper branch of the cubital fork looking, therefore, as not being the
continuation of the second longitudinal vein.

PETROROSSIA, Bezzi (1908).

This genus is Avell represented in the Ethiopian Fauna, and there
are also some species in South Africa ; those in the collection can be
distinguished as follows :

1 (4). Thorax, scutellum and abdomen with yellowish or greyish tomentum
abdomen black, hut with reddish yellow sides; legs pale yellow.

12U Annals of the South African Museum.

2 (3). Wings hyaline, with a less defined basal infuscation ; second longi-

tudinal vein with the u ual less deep loop at end hesperus, Bossi.

3 (2). Wings entirely blackish-brown, with hyaline spots in the centre of

the cells ; second longitudinal vein exceedingly looped at end.

vinula, sp. nov.

4 (1). Thorax, scutelluin and abdomen with bright orange tomentum

abdomen of an orange yellow colour, with a black middle stripe ;
legs orange-colour ..... fulvipes, Loew.

PETBOEOSSIA HESPERUS, Eossi (1790).

There is a female of large size of this Mediterranean species from
Hex Eiver (Cape) (Dr. L. Pcriuguey), January ord, 1883, but without
a head, and it cannot be ascertained if the example belongs to the var.
tropicalis or not. The wings have the basal half infuscated, and there
is a short appendix at the base of the upper branch of the cubital fork.

PETROROSSIA VINULA, sp. uov., ^ , 9 .

Closely allied to the preceding, but at once distinguished on account
of its peculiar wing pattern and venation.

Type <$ and type , a single pair from Hex Eiver (Cape),
December, 1889 (Dr. L. Peringuey), labelled by Bigot as " Li/ijira
I'inula '' a name which has never been published. Bigot has evidently
placed the species in the genus Liijynt on account of the strong terminal
loop of the second longitudinal vein ; but in this genus the form of
this loop is a very different one, the end of the second vein being
strongly recurrent ; there are, moreover, 4 submargiual cells, and the
position of the discal cross-vein is as in Lomatia.

Length of body 6 - 5-8 nun. ; of a wing 7'5-9 mm. ; of the wing
spread 1 6'5-20 mm. Head black, grey-dusted ; occiput well developed,
deeply bilobate above, with a short pale yellowish pubescence ;
ocellar tubercle small, rounded, with blackish pubescence; frons
with long, blackish, erect hairs and short yellowish pubescence on fore
half; face grey-dusted, with yellowish pubescence. Antennae entirely
black, short; first joint black-haired in the male, with some yellowish
hairs below in the female; third joint with the basal part broad and
discoidal, the styliform part long and ending in a pencil of sparse
hairs. Proboscis short, black. Thorax and scutelluin entirely black,
a little shining, with pale yellowish pubescence, yellow toiueutum and
yellowish bristles ; pleurae with pale grey dust, with whitish hairs on
propleura, mesopleura and sternopleura. Squamae dirty whitish,
with a pale fringe ; halteres yellow. Abdomen black, rather shining,
with yellow tomentum and pale yellow hairs ; on the sides near the

On tin I><n>/l>i/liiil l\nnin of Smitli A/riru I l')i />!, r ). I'll

base there is a narrow reddish-yellow stripe ; venter reddish, whitish-
haired ; male genitalia of great size, bilobate, black above, red below,
with yellow hairs. Legs entirely pale yellow, white-scaled : feiuora
and tarsi more or less darkened at end ; hairs of coxae and of the
under side of femora white ; the thin spines of the hind femora and
the short spicules of the tibiae are black : claws black, pulvilli whitish.
Wings very long, with pedunculate base : the costa is not ciliated at
base and the alula is very rudimentary ; they are entirely and equally
iiif uscated, the axillarv lobe oiilv being hyaline with a dark end. The

^ * fj *

hyaline stripes are placed on the end of the first and of the second
subniarginal cells, this last being in contact with the whole wing
border between the ends of the two branches of the cubital fork, in
the middle of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th posterior cells, and one broader
than the others, of ovate shape, in the last half of the discoidal cell :
in addition there is the usual whitish spot 011 the upper exterior angle
of the second basal cell. The veins are black ; the second longitudinal
is suddenly and deeply looped before the end, and its origin is
equidistant from the base of the third vein and the discal cross-vein ;
upper branch of cubital fork gently rounded at base and destitute of
stump. First posterior cell long, not, or little narrowed at end : discal
cross-vein placed on the first third of the discoidal cell ; this last cell
is long, very dilated in its last half, and therefore much constricted
before the middle ; third posterior cell very elongate and very narrowed
in its last half ; anal cell narrowed at end ; ambient vein complete.

PETROROSSIA FULVIPES, Loew (1860).
Dipteren-Fauua Sud-Afrikas, p. 210, pi. ii, tig. 14.

A well-known Ethiopian species, easily distinguished by its elegant
coloration. M'Fougosi, Zululaud ; Natal, Stella-Bush ; but the
species is common and widely distributed over the entire region ; it
is hardly distinct from the Oriental P. fulvula, "VViecl.

SUBFAMILY ANTHRACINAE.

ANTHEAX, Scopoli (1763).

This name is used here, not in the usual sense of the authors (for
these species, see Villa and Thyridanthrax), for the species of Argi/r/i-
mot'ba which have a broad third auteuual joint, an extended black
pattern on the wings and a silvery abdominal apex in the male. The
rather numerous species may be tabulated as follows :

122 Annals <>/ the South African Museum.

1 (2). Squamae dark brown ; second longitudinal vein deeply looped at

end ; upper branch of the cubital fork with a second stump in the
middle ; wings with many confluent dark spots, 4-5 of which are
placed at apex ... . pithecius, Fabr.

2 (1). Squamte white or whitish ; second longitudinal veins less looped at

end ; upper branch without appendix in the middle, or only as an
exception ; apex of wings hyaline, without dark spots.

3 (6). Basal black pattern of the wings extended over the discal cross-vein,

filling out a great part of the marginal cell and the base of the
first submarginal and of the first posterior cell ; plumula with a
black fringe ; discal cross- vein placed before the middle of the clis-
coidal cell.

4 (5). Wings with the brown pattern well defined and with 4 isolated

dark spots, 3 of which placed on the lower vein of the discoidal
cell ; a hyaline spot in the dark base of the first posterior cell.

hessii, Wied.

5 (4). Wings with a diffused pattern and with only 3 dark spots, 2 of

which are on the discoidal cell ; no distinct hyaline spot in the dark
base of the first posterior cell . . . diff-usus, Wied.

6 (3). Basal black pattern not extended over the discal cross-vein; discal

cross-vein usually placed on or after the middle of the discoidal cell.

7 (10). Two distinct isolated dark spots in the hyaline part of the wings.

8 (9). Species of great size, measuring 14-15 mm. in length; recurrent

veinlet at the base of the upper branch of the cubital fork long ;
plumula white .... aygulus, Fabr.

9 (8). Species of smaller size, measuring only 6-7 mm. ; recurrent veink-t at

the base of upper branch short and often rudimentary ; plumula
black ...... pusillus, Wied.

10 (7). No distinct dark isolated spots in the hyaline part of the wings.

11 (12). The black basal pattern of the wings is limited by an oblique line

extending from the end of the auxiliary vein to the end of the anal
cell, the extreme apex of which is hyaline . hemimelas, Speis.

12 (11). The black basal pattern reaches only the middle of the anal cell, and

has a tooth-like projection on the discal cross- vein, fltscipennis, Hie.

ANTHRAX PITHECIUS, Fabricius (1805).

A well-known and common African species, easily distinguished by
the peculiar wing pattern.

Many specimens of both sexes, varying in size from 8'5 to 12 mm.
M'Fongosi, Zuluhiml, October, 1911 (W. E. Jones) ; Dunbrody (Cape)
(O'Neil) ; Potchefstroom, Transvaal (T. Ayres) ; Bulawayo, S.
Rhodesia (G. Arnold), September, 1913; Salisbury (S. Rhodesia),
January, 1914 (J. A. O'Neil). A specimen from Hex River, December,
1882, was determined by Bigot as Ex-oprosopa reticulata Macq. (sic I).
I have received the species also from G-rahamstown (Cape).

On the Bombi/liid Fauna <>/ Month Africa (Dipicra). 12o

ANTHRAX HESSII, Wiedeinanu (1818).

Ail elegant species, very distinct owing to the well-defined and
characteristic wing pattern.

It is known only from South Africa. Griftsberg, Van Rhyusdorp
(Cape), September, 1911; O'Okiep (Cape), September, 1890.

A female specimen from Hex River (Cape), December, 1884, deter-
mined by Bigot as Anthrax punctipennis, Wied., seems to belong to
this species, but is aberrant in having the first submarginal and the
first posterior cells almost hyaline to the base, and therefore the
hyaline spot after the discal cross-vein is wanting.

ANTHRAX DIFFUSUS, Wiedemann (1824).

Closely allied to the preceding, but at once distinguished by the less
defined and more extended wing pattern, the isolated dark spots being
therefore much less marked. Known from South Africa and recorded
by me from Nyassa. A single male specimen from Bushmanlaud,
Jackal's Water (Cape), October, 1911 (R. M. Lightfoot) ; an old
specimen of great size (37 mm. of wing expanse), without a head,
with wholly infuscated wings.

It is notable that of A. diffusus I have seen males only, and of
hessii females only ; they are perhaps the two sexes of a single
species.

ANTHRAX AYGULUS, Fabricius (1805).

A species of great size with dimidiate wings and two dark spots
in the vitreous part.

Widely spread over the entire Ethiopian region, and seemingly also
over the whole Oriental region. A single female specimen from
Dunbrody (Cape), March 20th, 1912 ; the species was not yet recorded
from South Africa.

ANTHRAX TRIMACULATTJS, V. cler Wulp (1868).

Easily distinguished from the allied species by the presence of three
isolated brown spots in the hyaline part of the wings.

A female specimen from East London, Cape Colony, July, 1914
(R. M. Lightfoot).

ANTHRAX PUSILLUS, Wiedeimum (1821).

Very like A. ayijului*, but only half its size.

Widely spread in Africa, but less known ; very like the Oriental
li*lic/ma, Wied., but smaller. A single male specimen from Hex

124 Annul* <>f the South Africa ii Museum.

River (Cape), January 10th, 1887, labelled by Bigot as Anthrax pusilla,
Wied. An additional example from Kimberley (Cape), 1918 (J. H.
Power) .

ANTHKAX HEMIMELAS, Speiser (1910).

A black species of small size, very distinct on account of its perfectly
dimidiate wings.

Described at the same time by Speiser from Kilimaudjaro and by
me as A. hontugeneus from Nyassa, it is interesting to record it from
South Africa. A single female from M'Fongosi, Zululand, December,
1911 (W.E.Jones).

ANTHKAX FUSCIPENNIS, Ricardo (1903).

Distinct owing to the reduced black pattern of the wings, which
have a tooth-like projection on the fore border, the apical half of anal
and axillarv cell being hvaline.

/ o *

A single female specimen from Bushmanland, Henkries (Cape),
October, 1911 (R. M. Lightfoot).

This species seems to be widely spread over all the Ethiopian region,
but was not recorded from South Africa. It seems that muscarius,
King (nee Pallas), from ~E>.rypt,fuiicipennis,T&\c., from Sokotra, detitatus,
Beek, from Egypt and camptodadius, Bezzi, from Nyassa are all the
same species, the latter one representing a colour variety with entirely
black first basal cell, and therefore without a tooth-like projection on
the fore border.

SPONGOSTYLUM, Maccmart (1840;.

Under this name I include the species which Becker has placed in
his restricted genus Argynamoeba ; they are distinguished from the
preceding genus chiefly in the shape of antennae and in the wing-
pattern. All the following species have only 2 submarginal cells and
they may be distinguished as follows :

1 (2). Origin of the second longitudinal vein placed a little before the

discal cross-vein ; base of the second vein and of the upper branch of
the cubital fork destitute of stumps, or if present they are very
short ... . mulicum, sp. nov.

2 (1). Origin of second vein just opposite to the discal cross-vein ; base of

second vein and of upper branch always provided with long stumps.

3 (4). No brown spot at the base of the cubital fork or a very indistinct

one, abdomen with narrow or less distinct yellow hind border on
segments, and on sides, with usually tufts of black hairs, or with very
few scales . . inciswale, IMac<|.

On f/n- ftoinli/Iiiil Fit n mi <;/' /S'o?///< Afficn { I>i/itt'i-i> ). l'2- r )

4 (3). A broad brown spot at the base of the cubital fork : abdomen with
yellow hind borders and with tufts of black, scaly hairs on sides.

punctipenne, Wied.

SPONGOSTYLUM MTJTICUM, sp. iiov., $ , $ .

Closely allied to the following species, but distinguished by the
characters of the venation and by the somewhat different wing-
pattern.

Type cJ and type 9 from Bushmanland, Jackal's Water (Cape),
October, 1911 (B, M. Lightfoot) ; a <$ from Een Eiet (Cape),
October, 1911 ; a 9 from Namaqualaud , August, 1873 (E. Trimen).

Length of body 8-10 mm. ; of wing 9-11 mm. ; of the wing spread
21-26 mm. A description is not necessary, because this species is
almost similar to Incisurale, of which it may be perhaps only a
variation. But in the wings there are important differences : (a) in
venation. : The origin of the second vein takes place at a considerable
distance before the discal cross-vein, this distance being, however,
shorter than the length of the discal cross-vein ; this cross-vein is
placed nearer to the middle of the discoidal cell. The basal angle of
the second vein is rounded and without recurrent veinlet, or exception-
ally only with a very short stump ; the upper branch of the cubital
fork is likewise rounded at base, and very rarely provided with a
rudimentary stump, (b) In pattern : The brown spots on the cross-
veins are broadened to form short bands, recalling the pattern of 8.
trifasciatum, Wiedemanu. The costal cell is dark in its whole length ;
the base of the wing is brown right to the humeral cross-vein, eudiu*

o o pi

in an oblique line extended from this cross-vein to the axillary iiicisiou ;
the abbreviated baud below the origin of the third vein extends to the
sixth, filling out the end of the second basal cell ; sometimes the
2 basal cells and the base of the marginal cell are entirely filled with
brown, thus reproducing the Anthrax wing pattern.

One ? specimen from Jackal's Water has the wings wholly
hyaline, pale yellowish toward the base, and without any distinct dark
pattern, except the grey praediscoidal spot ; the discal cross-vein is
placed much before the middle of the discoidal cell, as in incisurale,
but the curvature of the base of the second vein and of the cubital
fork are as in the type. I give a name to this interesting variation,
namely var. elutum, var. nov.

SPONGOSTYLUM INCISURALE, Macquart (1840).

A common and variable species, distinguished by having only 2 or 3
dark spots on the wings.

120 Annalx of the Mouth African Muteunt.

Numerous specimens of both sexes, varying in length between 7
and 12 mm. Namaqualand, Spektakel and Springbok (Cape), October
and November, 1890 (R. M. Lightfoot). Bushmauland, Jackal's Water,
and Matjesfontein (Cape), same collector; Hex River (Cape), Decem-
ber, 1884 (L. Periuguey); M'Fongosi, Zululand, December, 1914
(W. E. Jones) ; O'Okiep (Cape), November, 1885 (L. Periuguey) ;
luhambane, Mozambique (K. H. Barnard).

SPONGOSTYLUM PUNCTIPENNE, Wiedemann (1821).

A robust species, easily recognisable by having 4 or 5 dark spots on
the wings and by the broad tufts of black scales on the sides of the
abdomen.

A single male specimen from Hex River (Cape), December, 1884
(L. Peringuey), rightly determined as Aryyraitineba punctipennis by
Bigot,

SUBFAMILY EXOPROSOPINAE.
VILLA, Lioy (1864).

This genus is rather abundant in South Africa. The species can be
easily recognised from those of the following genus, chiefly on account
of the spinulose front tibiae. Those in the collection can be distin-
guished as follows :

1 (12). Wings without broad dark mai-kings, even if a little darkened at

base or along the fore border.

2 (11). Wings entirely hyaline, even at the fore border, sometimes with

blackish or yellowish extreme base ; species of medium or of small
size.

3 (8). Abdomen without tufts of black scales on the sides of the middle seg-

ments ; face without black hairs ; wings with pale yellowish base and
with mainly yellow veins.

4 (7). Abdomen without distinct black tufts at the sides near the end

base of wings in the male with broad patagia-like, silvery organs.

5 (6). Legs with fulvous femora ; abdomen clothed with short hairs, even on

the sides ...... flavipes, Loew-

6 (o). Legs with black femora ; abdomen long-haired, chiefly on the sides.

albescens, Loew.

7 (4). Abdomen with small tufts of black hairs at the sides of the 5th and

Oth segments ; wings of male destitute of silvery patagia ; legs black,
densely clothed with yellow scales . . sexfasciat a, Wied.

8 (3). Abdomen with dense tufts of long black scales at the sides of the

middle segments ; face with more or less abundant black hairs ;
femora broadly yellow at the base ; wings with blackish base and
black veins, and in the male with silvery basal patagia.

On th? Boittlii/l!!,! Fn it mi <>f Mouth Afrira (Di/>teraY 1'27

9 (10). Abdomen with white, non-shining scales and provided at the end with
alternating- white and black tufts . . vitripennis, Lw.

10 (10. Abdomen witli transverse bands of glittering silvery scales, and at the

end entirely clothed with such scales . argenttna, sp. n.

11 (2). Wings darkened at the base and along the costal cell; legs yellow;

species of great size ..... lasia, Wied.

12 (1). Wings with a well-defined dark pattern, which fills up entirely the

two basal cells ; face white-haired ; legs yellow leucocliila, nom. nov.

VILLA FLAVIPES, Loew (1860).

A species of middle size with entirely hyaline wings, distinguished
by the briefly haired abdomen and by the yellow femora. Female
originally described from Caffraria, and not recorded subsequently.
There is a male from Klipfontein, JSTamaqualand (Cape) (L. Pt'rin-
guey). The hitherto undescribed male is like the female, but the
frons at the vertex is only as broad as the ocellar tubercle ; the eyes
have the upper areolets a little enlarged ; the wings have a broad
silvery patagium and the basal comb is clothed with silvery scales.

VILLA ALBESCENS, Loew (1860).

Closely allied to the preceding, but at once distinguished by the
black femora and by the long-haired abdomen.

Originally described from South Africa, but widely spread over the
Ethiopian region. A male from Hex River (Cape), another male from
Klipfontein, Namaqualand (Cape) (L. Periuguey).

VILLA SEXFASCIATA, Wiedemaun (1821).

Allied to the preceding, but distinct owing to the small tufts of
black hairs at the end of the abdomen and by the black legs, which,
however, are densely clothed \vith yellow scales.

Described from South Africa and redescribed &s flavescens\yy Loew ;
it is also widely spread. In the collection there is a female from Hex
River (Cape), December, 1884 (L. Peringuey).

VILLA VITRIPENNIS, Loew (1860).
Dipteren-Fauna Sikl-Afrikas, p. 217, pi. ii, fig. 18.

Distinguished from all the preceding species by the large tufts of
black scales on the middle segments of the abdomen, and by the
vitreous wings, which have a blackish base and black veins. Described

128 Annals of ill f South Africa)/ Museum.

from Soutli Africa, but widely spread. A male specimen from Barber-
ton, Transvaal, December, 1911 (H. Edwards) ; a female from Hex
River (Cape), January, 1883 (L. Peringuey) ; Otjivarongo (Damara-
land), January, 1920 (E. W. E. Tucker).

VILLA ARGENTINA, sp. nov., g .

A very peculiar, small species, distinguished by the glittering
silvery bands on the abdomen and at its apex.

Type , a single specimen from Hex River, December, 1884 (L.
Peringuey).

Length of body 8 - 5 mm.; of wing 7'5 mm. Head black; occiput
tolerably shining, with abundant white scales near the middle of the
eyes, with short dark hairs above and with greyish central fringe ;
post-vertical furrow narrow and deep, the ovate, prominent ocellar
tubercle being placed just in front of it. Eyes dark brown, with the
upper areolets a little enlarged, the indentation less developed, but
the bisecting line very long ; frous a little shining, about as broad at
vertex as the ocellar tubercle, clothed with erect black hairs, and
with scarce greyish cells near the eyes and on the frontal sides. Face
rounded, not prominent, densely clothed with short black hairs and
with abundant greyish scales. Antennae entirely black ; the two first
joints very short, of equal length, the first with black hairs ; third
joint Avith the basal discoidal part not longer but broader than the
second joint, and the styliform part very thin, long, filiform, about as
long as one and a half times the remainder, ending in a minute
bristle. Mouth-opening naiTOw ; genae linear ; proboscis black, short,
thick. Thorax and scutellum entirely black, faintly shining, finely
punctulate; they have very minute, scattered, yellow scales and rather
long whitish hairs in front and on the sides, these last whiter and
forming a not well-indicated stripe ; all the bristles are of a pale
yellowish colour, those of the scutellum being darker. Pleurae grey-
dusted, with whitish hairs, even on the metapleura ; squamae dirty
yellowish, with a brown border and glittering silvery fringe ; halteres
dark yellowish, with paler knob. Abdomen like the thorax, but narrowly
red on the sides of the two first segments ; the long hairs on the
middle of the tergites are scattered, whitish near the base and blackish
at end ; the hairs of the sides are long, whitish on the 1st and 2nd,
black and scaly on the 3rd, quite snow-white on the 4th, black and
scaly on the 5th and 6th segments ; the 7th segment is entirely
clothed with long, silvery, glittering scales directed outwardly. On the
base of the 2nd segment there is a narrow, less distinct band of

On f/ie Bontbylinl F'liimi <// Sutiflt Afr'n-n ( lHjif'-rn ). 1 _!'.>

white scales ; the Mrd and 4th segments have at the base a narrow
band of long, glittering or bright scales interrupted in the middle.
Venter black, with white scales and scattered white hairs ; genitalia
rather large, pendulous, set on the left side, reddish and brown, pale-
aud dark-haired. Legs black, the femora broadly reddish at the base, the
4 anterior tibiae dark reddish ; the scales are white, the hairs whitish,
the spines black ; front tibiae with distinct apicules ; middle femora
with 2 rather long, hind femora with 2 very short spines ; hind tibiae
with a sparse fringe of dark scales outwardly ; claws black. Wings
as in cifi-Ijienittf, with a silvery patagium, but with entirely black basal
o>nib: terminal loop of the second longitudinal vein much less
indicated than usually, almost indistinct, and in consequence the
upper branch of the cubital fork is less curved in the middle ;
discoidal cell more narrow ; second posterior cell narrow and long,
half as broad as the third. Alula long, pale yellowish grey, with a
brown border and a broad greyish fringe ; axillary lobe very short
and broad.

VILLA LASIA, Wiedemauii ( 1824).

A short-haired species of great size, with the wings infuscated at
the base and along the costal cells.

Described from the Cape and recorded from South Africa by
Fargeau, Serville and Walker. I am referring with doubt to the
present species a couple of gigantic specimens from Bushmaulaud,
Jackal's Water (Cape), October, 1911 (R. M. Lightfoot), measuring
15-5-17 mm. in length of body and only 12-13 mm. in length of
wing, while Wiedemauu gives only 5 lines. Frous of male as broad
a> the ocellar tubercle, that of the female twice as broad. Clothing
of thorax entirely yellow, paler on the pleurae, bristles yellow. On the
abdomen there are 5 transverse bauds of yellowish scaly tomeutuui
at least in the male. Legs reddish with yellowish scales ; femora and
tibiae blackened at end, the tarsi likewise. Wings with typical
venation, no silvery patagia in the male ; basal comb very large with
yellow scales ; first posterior cell narrowed at end.

VILLA LEUCOCHILA, nom. uov. (for V. LETJCOSTOMA, Wied.).
Loew's Dipteren-Fauna Siid-Afrikas, PI. ii, fig. 19.

Very distinct owing to the broad, brown markings of the wings,
which fill the whole of the two basal cells.

Described in 1821 by Wiedemanu from the Cape under the name of
leucostoma. I change this name, because it is pre-occupied by Meieu,
9

130 Annals of the South African Museum.

1820. The species seems to be an exclusively South African one.
There is in the collection a single male specimen from Kalk Bav (Cape)'
(R. M. Lightfoot).

OESTEANTHEAX, Bezzi (1912).

This very interesting genus was described by me in my paper ort
the African Bombyliidae of the British Museum for the type Anthrax
obesns, Loew. The main characters of the genus are to be found in
the broad and long facial plate, in the reduced mouth parts and in the
absence of thoracical macrochaetae.

OESTRANTHRAX OBESUS, Loew, 1863.

A specimen from Cape Town, 1880. The species was described
from South Africa, and some allied forms occur in other parts of the
Ethiopian region.

SYNTHESIA, gen. nov.

I have to make a new genus for a species which shows a very strange
combination of characters, connecting the Lomatiinae with the
Exoprosopinae ; it is aberrant like Chiasntella, but is closely allied
to the preceding genus Oestranthrax as well as to the genus Hemi-
penthes. It may be denned as an Exoprosopiue with 2 submarginal
cells, with spinulose front tibiae, with bluntly convex face, with no
developed macrochaetae, and with the second longitudinal vein
originating before the middle cross-vein. In this last character thfe
new genus Syntkesia is drawing near to the Lomatiinae, while in the-
general conformation it is receding from them. It may be characterised
as follows :

Body of oval shape, briefly pilose, not bristly at all. Head a little-
naiTower than the thorax ; occiput bilobate above, with a deep
central cavity, and depressed between the eyes ; central fringe
complete, dense and short. Eyes separated in both the sexes, but the
frons of the female always about twice as broad as that of the male ;
they are broadly indented at the hind border, but the bisecting line is
less distinct. Ocellar tubercle rather prominent, elongate, with 3-
equidistant ocelli. Frons quickly broadening in front beyond the
middle ; face bluntly convex, but very prominent ; in a front view the
face is narrowed beneath, and thus its broader line is to be found just
below the root of antennae. Antennae set very widely apart from
each other at base and inserted above the middle of the eyes ; the
2 basal joints are very short; the third joint is elongate conical,.

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa. (Diptera). 131

gradually tapering into a long joint, with a very short and thin apical
style. Mouth-opening narrow and elongate ; proboscis not at all
projecting, shorter than the oral cavity, with not broad terminal
labella ; palpi long and thin, not much shorter than the proboscis and
pilose. Thorax broad, not much convex above, without bristles, but
at fore border and on sides above Avith dense tufts of bristly hairs ;
metapleurae hairy, while the surrounding parts are bare. Scutellum
broad and semicircular, without distinct bristles at hind border.
Squamulae with short, scaly fringe. Abdomen of oval shape, as
broad as the thorax at base, acute behind in the male, obtuse in the
female ; male genitalia small, directed to the left side ; spines of the
ovipositor long, thin, curved. Legs with the front pair distinctly
abbreviated ; front tibiae with distinct spicules inside ; front tarsi not
specially pubescent ; middle femora with 2 spines on the fore side on
the apical half ; hind femora with 3-4 short spines below on the
apical half ; 4 posterior tibiae with numerous and long spicules ;
pulvilli about as long as the claws, which are simple and curved.
Wings rather broad and long, distinctly broader in the female ;
membrane smooth and very iridescent ; they have no developed
pattern, being only yellowish-fuscous on the basal half. Basal hook
very stout and curved; basal comb very short; 2nd longitudinal
vein originating at right angle and before the middle cross-vein at a
distance which is about as long as the cross- v^ein itself, deeply looped
at end ; 3rd vein placed on the same straight line with the praefurca,
its upper branch strongly S-shaped and not retreating at base ;
2 submarginal cells only present. Discoidal cell rather short, acute
at base and obtuse at end ; its terminal cross-vein short and only a
little oblique outwardly ; in the female it is broader than in the male ;
the middle cross-vein is placed near its middle, or a little before it.
First posterior cell of about the same breadth throughout its whole
length ; second posterior cell rectangular, about as broad at end as
the third, which is acute and prolonged basally ; fourth posterior cell
broader than all the others, its contact at base with the discoidal
cell being longer than the inferior apical cross- vein of the second
basal cell ; anal cell broadly open at end. Axillary lobe broad ; alula
well developed and fringed with scales ; ambient vein complete.
Type : The following new species.

SYNTHESIA FUCOIDES, sp. iiov.

A yellowish pilose fly of a humble-bee appearance, not very different
from some species of Villa, but at once distinguished from thein on
account of its well developed pulvilli.

132 Annals of th? South African Museum.

Type (J and type $ , a single couple of not well-preserved specimens
from Namaqualand, Springbok, November, 1890 (R. M. Lightfoot).

cJ, 9- Length of the body 8'5-10 mm.; of the wing 8-9 mm.
Head yellowish black at vertex and on the occiput ; it is densely
clothed with a short, yellowish, equal pubescence ; on the sides of the
occiput, near the eyes, the pubescence is more scaly and more yellow,
and on frons and face it is more erect and of a more golden colour,
chiefly on the lower part of the face. Antennae with the 2 basal
joints red and the third black with a red base. Proboscis dark
reddish above and black with yellowish hairs. Thorax black on the
back, reddish on the humeral, calli, on the postalar calli and on the
pleurae ; it is densely clothed with a short, yellowish pubescence,
which on the pleurae is longer and more erect, forming dense tufts on
the propleurae, on the notopleural line, on the mesopleurae, and on the
upper part of metapleurae. Scutellum reddish with a black base,
clothed like the back of thorax. Halteres and squamulae whitish.
Abdomen reddish, the segments from the 1st to the 4th with a broad,
black, transverse basal band that does not reach the sides and
decreases in size from the basal to the 4th segment ; it is clothed with
dense pale yellowish hairs which are longer and paler at the sides
near the base ; genitalia reddish yellow ; spines of the ovipositor red ;
venter wholly reddish, with a narrow whitish hind border of the
segments and with a short yellow pubescence. Legs entirely of a
pale reddish-yellow colour from the coxae to the end of the tarsi, and
clothed with a pale yellowish, scaly pubescence ; spines and spicules
black ; pulvilli yellowish ; claws red, with black tips. Wings hyaline,
with the basal fore half infuscated to the end of the subcostal cell and
to the base of the first submargiual, of the first posterior and of the
iliscoidal cells ; this infuscation is darker towards the middle, but is
not sharply defined at the hind border. Veins reddish, with fuscous
ends ; ambient vein black ; basal hook yellow ; basal comb with black
bristles, but clothed with a yellowish tornentum ; axillary lobe hyaline ;
alula yellowish.

THYRIDANTHRAX, Osteu Sacken (1886).

This genus is taken here in a wider sense for the reception of those
species of Anthrax (aiictornm) which have smooth front tibiae, rather
long proboscis, conical and prominent third autenual joint and often a
conical face. The wings have usually an extended pattern, but they
may also be completely hyaline. The species are as follows :

On the BombyJ it'll F<IUHH of South Africa (Dipt era). 133

1 (8). Apical cross-vein of the discoidal cell straight; head, .antennae and

palpi entirely black ; discal cross-vein placed near the base of the
discoidal cell, win^s never fenestrate.

2 (5). "Wing-s entin-ly hyaline, only narrowly yellowish or blackish at the

base and in the subcostal cell.
i (4). Wings with pale yellowish base; the attenuated part of the third

antenna! joint rather thick . . . leucoproctus, Loew.

4 (3). Wing-s with blackish base and blackish subcostal cell ; styliform part

of the third antennal joint very thin . . . linea, Loew.

") (2). Wings with a rather extended brown or blackish pattern, filling 1 out

the base of the second basal cell and the base of the anal cell.

6 (7). First posterior cell distinctly narrowed at end; discal cross-vein

placed near the middle of the discoidal cell ; third posterior cell long
and with an acute base . . . ?>,-ni>tns, Loew.

7 (6). First posterior cell not narrowed at end; discal cross-vein near the

base of the discoidal cell; third posterior cell shorter and with an
obtuse base ....... lugens, Loew.

8 (1). Apical cross-vein of the discoidal cell S -shaped ; head, antennae and

palpi mainly or wholly yellow ; discal cross-vein on or after the
middle of the discoidal cell ; wings fenestrate, viz. with hyaline spots
on cross-veins and bifurcations.

9 (10). Two submarginal cells only, as usual ; wings very broadly yellowish

at base, the brown fenestrate pattern being reduced to a less defined,
not broad band on the middle of the wing ; species of small size and
of a paler colour .... calochromatus, sp. nov.

10 (9). Three submarginal cells ; wings with more than the basal half filled
with a brown extended pattern, and very narrowly or not at all
yellowish at the base ; species of large size and darker colour.

ternarius, BezzL

THYRIDANTHRAX FLAMMIGER, Walker (1849).

Distinct by the conical face, the short third posterior cell, the
infuscated costal cell and the middle cross-vein marginated with
fuscous.

Of this West African species of the group afer there are 2 speci-
mens from M'Fougosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones).

THYRIDANTHRAX LEUCOPROCTUS, Loew (1860).

A small species, distinct owing to its wholly hyaline wings, which are
only a little pale yellowish near the base.

Originally described from the Cape, and not recorded subsequently.

A single female specimen from Klerksdorp, Transvaal, December,
1890.

In the first example the contact between the third posterior and the
discoidal cell is rather straight and about twice as long as that

134 Annals of the South African Museum.

between the fourth posterior and the same cell ; the first posterior cell
is not narrowed at end.

Another example from Salisbury, S. Khodesia.

THYRIDANTHRAX LINEA, Loew (1860).

Allied to the preceding species, but easily distinguished by the
wings being blackish at the base and along the subcostal cell.
Originally described from Caffraria, but, as it seems, widely spread
over the Ethiopian region. There are in the collection two female
specimens on the same pin, without precise locality, and another from
East London, Cape (R. M. Lightfoot).

THYRIDANTHRAX ABRUPTUS, Loew (1860).
Dipteren-Fauna Siid-Afrikas, p. 219, pi. ii, fig. 20.

A medium-sized species, distinguished by the broad blackish
marking on the wings and by the different neuration.

Eather widely spread over the Ethiopian region, and common in
South Africa, from where it was originally described. In Northern
Rhodesia this species has been bred from puparia of Glossina morsi-
tans. There are numerous specimens of both sexes from M'Fongosi,
Zululand, March, 1914 (W. E. Jones) ; from Hex Eiver (Cape),
January, 1886 (L. Peringuey) ; from Bushmanland, Jackal's Water
(Cape), October, 1911 (E. M. Lightfoot) ; from Dunbrody, Uitenhage
(Cape), March, 1912 (J. O'Neil) ; from O'Okiep, Namaqualand
(Cape), October, 1895 (L. Pt'ringuey).

In the present species the contact of the third posterior with the
discoidal cell is strongly sinuous, and three or four times longer than*
that of the fourth in the same cell.

THYRIDANTHRAX TRANSIENS, Bezzi.

A small species closely allied to abrnptus, but distinct by the more
extended black pattern of wings, the base of the 4th posterior eel
and more than the half of the anal cell being also blackened
Originally described in my work of the Bombylidae of the British
Museum from Nyassaland, there is a specimen from Salisbury,
S. Rhodesia, 1917.

th>> Bombi/Uitl FOUIKI <>f Houf/i Africa (Diptera). 135

THYRIDANTHRAX LUGENS, Loe\v (1860).

Closely allied to the preceding, but distinguished by its smaller
size, less intensive and somewhat different -wing pattern, and a different
aieuration, which agrees with that of lencoproctua and litiea.

This South African species seems to be widely spread over the
region ; but can be easily mistaken for abrupt us if attention is n , >t.
given to the different venation ; the distinctive character, the wing
pattern, as established by Loew, is subject to some variation.

The species seems to he rarer than the preceding ; in the collection
there are only two specimens from the Hex River (Cape), November,
1882 (L. Pi'riuguey), and from Klipfoiitein, Namaqualand (Cape),
November, 1885, from the same collector.

The contact of the third posterior with the discoidal cell is almost
straight and only a little longer than that of the fourth.

THYRIDANTHRAX CALOCHROMATTJS, sp. iiov., g .

An elegant species of the fenestratus group, distinguished by the
very reduced dark markings of the wings and by the mainly yellow

wmg-veins.

Type <^. A single specimen from the Cape, without precise locality,
determined by Bigot as Anthrax calochromatus Big., but never
published; the name is here retained. The species is closely allied
to T. macquarti, Bezzi, but the wing pattern is more reduced, even
more than in T. elegatis or in T. polypliemus.

Length of body 9 mm. ; of wing 9 mm. ; of wing spread 20 mm.
Head black, with the anterior part of the froiis and the whole face of
a yellowish red colour. Occiput moderately shiny, with scarce greyish
hairs above and with white scales at the eye borders ; central fringe
pale yellowish ; postvertical furrow less marked. Eyes with the upper
areolets not distinctly enlarged, the indentation faintly pronounced
and the bisecting line very short and less distinct. Frons at vertex
twice and more as broad as the less prominent, brownish-coloured
ocellar tubercle ; it is clothed with black hairs, which become pale
yellowish on the red part, and with whitish scales ; face with white
hairs on the sides and near the eyes and in the middle with Avhitish
scales ; it is rather conical in shape. Antennae with the two basal
joints yellow, the first with whitish hairs and above with a few black
ones; third joint wanting in the type. Genae rather broad, black
front, yellow behind like the mouth borders ; proboscis black,
as long as the mouth, with a yellow basal ring, palpi yellow- and
whitish-haired. Thorax black, rather shining, with sparse yellow scales
and with rather long yellowish hairs in front and on the sides ; bristles

136 Annuls of the South African

yellowish ; pleurae black, grey-Justed, reddish along the sutures,,
with whitish hairs and with white scales ; metapleural tuft whitish.
Scutellum red, narrowly black at the base, with yellowish scales and
yellow bristles at the hind border. Squamae yellowish with white
fringe ; halteres yellow with whitish knob. Abdomen red, with the first
segment black and with a broad median black spot on the second, a
smaller one 011 the 3rd and a very small one on the 4th ; it is clothed
with pale yellowish scales, but on the apical half 'of the 2nd and
on the base of the 5th segment the scales are black ; it seems that
the pe rspicUlaris-pa,ttevii is white and well developed ; the hairs of the
sides are whitish and long near the base, whitish and short 011 the
remainder, but there are no black hairs. Venter red with black base,
white scales and whitish hairs ; genitalia red, small, asymmetrically
placed. Legs black, with yellow trochanters, tibiae and base of tarsi ;
the femora are only narrowly yellow at end, their scales are whitish and
the scarce hairs are whitish like those of the coxae ; spines black, middle
femora with one very long one, hind femora with six rather short ;
front tibiae smooth, the others with rather long and numerous spicules ;
front tarsi very short, slenderly pilose, with very small claws ; claws
black. Wings whitish hyaline, with a broad pale yellowish base and a
brown, feuestrate, median band ; the brown band is thus reduced to
some dark spots on the sides of the three feuestrae and to an ovate
spot near the middle of the anal cell ; second basal cell almost entirely
yelloAvish ; veins yellow, only a little darkened at the end ; basal comb
with black bristles, but densely clothed with yellow scales ; alula pale
yellowish, with whitish fringe; axillary lobe short and broad, greyish
hyaline. Second longitudinal vein very short, with a well- developed
terminal loop ; cliscal cross-vein long and oblique, placed at about the
middle of the discoid al cell ; first posterior cell narrowed at the end ;
discoiclal cell narrow, very acute outwards, its apical cross-vein 5-shaped
and placed parallel to the hind border of the wing ; third posterior
cell very long, its contact with the discoidal cell more than ten times as
long as that of the fourth posterior with the same cell ; strongly looped
at the base ; anal cell rather broadly open ; second basal cell as long
as the discoidal cell and at end broader than the cell. Upper branch of
the cubital fork regularly curved in the middle, rather flat at the base
and without appendix.

THYRIDANTHRAX TERNARIUS, Be//i.

Distinguished from all its congeneric species here described l>v
the regular presence of 3 submarginal cells, and by the very extended
dark pattern of the wings.

On the BomlnjIiiJ Futntu <>f Sunlit Africa (Diptrrn}. \'-'<l

Tliis species is widely spread over all the Ethiopian region, -and will
bo described by me in a paper on the Bombyliidae of the British
Museum. Notwithstanding the 3 submarginal cells it cannot be
placed in l\,cni,rn<i[Hi owing to the different shape of the third antenna!
joint : in general pattern and colouring it is similar to the species of
the fenestratus-group, to which it belongs undoubtedly. I suspect that
the Anth rn. I- co/er of Wiedeiuami, placed in Exoprosopa by the authors,
may be the same as the present species.

A female specimen from Bushmanland, Jackal's Water (Cape)
(K. H. Lightfoot) ; another female from Barberton, Transvaal, April,.
l!ll (H. Edwards) ; and a third female from Klipfontein, Namaqua-
land (Cape), November, 1885 (L. Pcriuguey), labelled by Bigot as
AntJtni.r j_njrroproctnx a name, however, which has never been
published.

THYRIDANTHRAX LAETUS, Loew (1860).

Closely allied to T. ternarius, but distinguished by the wholly
reddish legs and by the distinctly infuscated end of the discoidal
cell. A female specimen from Damaraland, Narugas, January, 1919
(K. M Lightfoot) ; Otjivarougo, January, 1920 (E. W. E. Tucker).

LITORRHYNCHUS, Maccjuart (1840).

(_)f this typical and very numerous Ethiopian genus there are in
the collection only a few species, which may be distinguished as

follows :

] (2 i. Squamae black and black fringed ; anal cell narrowly hyaline at end - t

species of large size, measuring 16-18 mm. in length.

lint u,rus, Thiinb.
'1 (1). Squamae pale brown or yellowish, with yellowish or white fringe;

anal cell more broadly hyaline at end ; species of smaller size, only

10-13 mm. in length.

:{ (4). Marginal cell hyaline at end . . . toUini, Loew.

4 (3). Marginal cell filled out with brown to the end, and even a little

Vx-yond ...... n.riji/i-ole^ls, Bezzi.

LITORRHYNCHUS MAURUs, Thunberg.
Nov. Act. Tips., ix, p. 73, 1827, pi. i, fig. 11.

A species of great size, with a fringe of bright red hairs in front
and on the sides of thorax.

Originally described from the Cape by Thunberg as Tainjylossa, it

138 Annals of the South African Museum.

"was referred erroneously by Macquart to Anthrax collaris, Wied., which
is an Indian species, and was described by Loew under the name of
Exoprosopa rostrata. It seems to be exclusively a South African
species, and not at all rare. It ranges from Cape Town to Rhodesia.
There is a female specimen from the Transvaal, Barberton, April,
1911 (H. Edwards), in which the anal cell is more broadly hyaline
than usual.

LlTORRHYNCHUS TOLLINI, Loew (1863).

A species smaller and paler coloured than the preceding one, and
usually with a hyaline spot in the middle of the first posterior
cell. Dr. Pcringuey has bred this species from the mud nest of the
ubiquitous wasp Scelifrons quartinae, together with the large Ich-
neumon, Ospryiichotus capensis, and aMutillid, DolicJinmiiiilla sycorax.

LlTORRHYNCHUS ARGYROLEPIS, BeZZl (1912).

Easily distinguished on account of its characteristic wing pattern,
Avith the middle dark baud narrowed at end.

Originally described from Nyassaland, there is in the collection a
specimen from Potchefstroom, Transvaal (T. Ayres), also from
Salisbury (S. Rhodesia) (D.Dods.) ; Bulawayo (S. Rhodesia) (R. W. E.
Tucker).

EXOPROSOPA, Macquart (1840).

This very large genus has been, divided by me into a number of
subgenera. Those represented in the South African Fauna may lie
distinuished as follows :

1 (4). Discoidal cell before the end below with a strong- projecting- angle and
there provided with an appendage ; its terminal vein more or less
sinuous, and placed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the
wing.

"2 (3). Five posterior cells, the fourth being closed and stalked.

Metapenta, Bezzi, n.

3 (2). Only four posterior cells, all open as iisual . Acrodisca, Bezzi, n.

4 (1). Discoidal cell without such a projecting angle ; if sometimes dilated,

the projection is a rounded one and destitute of appendage.

5 (6). The vein between the discoidal and the second posterior cell is long,

strongly sinuous, and runs in the same direction as the longitudinal
axis of the wing ..... Defilippia, Lioy.

6 (5). The above-named vein is short, straight or only slightly sinuous, and

placed at an angle or even perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis
of the wing ..... Exoprosopa, s. str.

<>n the Jt.Httbylitil Fmani of South Africa (Diptera). 139

SUBGEN. METAPENTA.

This group is an exclusively Ethiopian one, and the species it
includes are chiefly confined to the South ; in the present collection
there are two species.

EXOPROSOPA (METAPENTA) PENTALA, Macquart (1840).

Closely allied to reticulata, Loew, but distinct by the red scutellum
and the red legs.

A female specimen from Dunbrody, Uitenhage (Cape) ; (J. A.
O'Neil), February, 1912. Macquart has described the female from the
Cape, but the figure of the wing is very misleading ; and the species
has nothing to do Avith the Mediterranean varinerius-pygmalia/n, Fabr.,
which is the type of my new subgenus Mesoclis.

The species is very like M. reticulata, but is paler ; the frons is
entirely black, but the face and the first antennal joint are red ;
thorax with the pleura mostly yellow haired, the metapleural tuft
with only a few black bristles ; scutellum red with black base.
Abdomen black, with the sides of the 2nd and 3rd segment more or
less broadly red, or even red with median black spots. Legs entirely
red, but tarsi darkened and femora partly black-scaled ; front tibae
thin and smooth. Wing pattern and venation as in reticulata.

EXOPROSOPA (METAPENTA) CORVINA, Loew (1860).

Near E. pentala, but distinguished by the quite black legs and
metapleural tuft, and by the almost entirely black wings.

A female specimen from Damaraland, Grootfoutein, December, 1918
(E. M. Lightfoot) ; Otjivarongo. January, 1920 (R. W. E. Tucker).

SUBGEN. ACRODISCA, nov.

This subgenus is also an exclusively Ethiopian one, and the South
African species belong nearly all to one of the two groups in which
it is divided, viz. the group characterised by the very short or even
rudimentary antennal style, and by the shape of the discoidal cell at
end, which is almost equal to that noticeable in Litorrhynclms.

The species in the collection may be distinguished as follows :

1 (4). Wings uniformly infuscated, not broadly hyaline at the apex, never

at the hind border.

2 (3). Metapleural tuft wholly or for the greater part black ; antennal style

rudimentary; species of smaller size . . fimbriatella, sp. nov.

140 Annals of the South African Museum.

:* (2). Metapleural tuft entirely yellowish; antennal style well developed,
but short and stout ; species of greater size . affuscata, sp. nov.

4 (1). Wings with a dark base and a dark fore border, but hyaline in th<-

remainder, with distinct spots or reticulation.

5 (6). The veins at the hind border of the wings are provided with fuscous

confluent borders ; anal cell entirely infuscated . personata, sp. nov.

6 (5). The veins of the hind border with isolated dark spots ; anal fell

hyaline at end, with a dark spot before the end . anyulata, Loew.

EXOPROSOPA (ACRODISCA) FIMBRIATELLA, sp. nov., ? .

A black species of small size, prevalently Mack-haired, with entirely
fuscous wings and with rudimentary antennal style.

Type 9 > a single specimen from Potchefstroom, Transvaal (T.
Ayres). The species seems to be closely allied to nwbrosa, Loew, but
is distinguished by the different antennae and by the different shape
of the discoidal cell.

Length of body 8-8'5 mm. ; of a wing 8'5-9 mm. Occiput black,
with pale yellowish central fringe and yellowish scales at the eye
borders ; postvertical furrow narrow; eyes with faint indentation and
a short bisecting line ; ocellar tubercle flat and of brownish colour ;
frons entirely black, rather narrow, with bluck erect hairs and pale
yellowish scales in front ; face conical and much prominent, entirely
black, clothed, like the frons, with a black tuft on the upper edge ;
mouth borders yellowish. Antennae with the first joint red, black-
haired ; the second half as long as the first and black ; the third
elongate, linear, black, obtuse at end, with a very minute, rudimentary
style situated at its npper corner. Proboscis Mack, as long as the
mouth ; palpi black, with pale hairs. Thorax entirely black, with
black hairs and black scales, and with a stripe of yellowish hairs on
the sides ; the collar is yellow above, black on the sides and below ;
the rnacrochaetae are well developed and black ; pleura black-haired.
\vith only a tuft of yellow hairs on upper border of the mesopleura ;
metapleural tuft entirely black ; steriiopleura reddish above. Squamae
blackish brown, with a dark fringe ; halteres black, with paler knob.
Scutellum red, with black base, black scales and black bristles.
Abdomen black, narrowly reddish on the sides of the 2nd and 3rd
segment ; it is clothed for the greater part by black scales, but the
base of the second segment has a narrow complete band of white
scales ; sides of other segment with some white scales and with yellow
scales at the hind border. First segment clothed with erect yellowish
hairs, which form a characteristic complete fringe ; all the sides,

On the Boiitbylitd Fauna of South Africa (Dipt era). 141

except those of the first segment, with black short hairs and black
scales ; spines of ovipositor dark reddish ; venter black, with yellow
scales and black hairs. Legs entirely black, with black hairs and
partly black, partly yellowish scales on the femora; front pair less
abbreviated than in the allied species, with the tibiae rather slender
and with minute, less distinct spicules ; the tarsi rather long and with
the usual pubescence ; bristles black and long, 2 on middle femora
and a complete row on hind femora ; claws black, with acute tooth.
Wings entirely and equally blackened, with black basal hook and
black basal comb ; the black clouds at the usual places are very
faintly indicated ; praediscoidal spot whitish, small ; alula narrow,
blackened, with a long, dark brown fringe, like the base of the axillary
lobe. Venation typical for the group ; discal cross-vein before the
middle of the discoidal cell, the second longitudinal vein originating
before it ; first posterior cell a little bi'oader than the ;inal cell ;
second posterior cell a little broader than the third, the vein between
them bent forwards ; third posterior cell a little shorter than the
fourth. Apical cross-vein of the discoidal cell very strongly S-shaped,
and placed horizontally, the discoidal cell being as in LitorrJiynchus
verv narrow and elongate.

EXOPROSOPA (ACRODISCA) OFFUSCATA, Sp. 11OV., g , $ .

Allied to the preceding, but of greater size and with yellow legs and
with entirely yellowish-haired metapleurae. Some specimens from
Matjesfontein (Cape), November, 1910 ; Laingsburg (Cape), Novem-
ber, 1910 ; Springbok, November, 1890 ; Spektakel, Namaqualand
(Cape), October, 1890 (E. M. Lightfoot) ; O'Okiep, Namaqualand
(L. Pc'ringuey), October, 1885, labelled by Bigot " Exoprosopa melania,"
Big. a name which has never been published. Length of body 12-13
mm. ; of a wing 14-16 mm. ; of wing spread 31-35 mm. Occiput
black, with whitish central fringe and yellowish scales which are
whitish below the indentation at the eye borders ; ocellar tubercle
very small and flat, black ; frons of about equal breadth in both sexes,
shining black, red above the antennae, clothed with black erect hairs
and with whitish scales ; face conical, very prominent, red, with a
more or less broad black spot in the middle underneath, clothed like
the f rons and with a dense black tuft at the upper mouth edge ; mouth
borders yellowish. Antennae with the first joint red and black-
haired ; second joint much shorter, globular, dark reddish ; third joint
black, elongate, conical, gradually tapering in a rather thin point with
a very short and stout style. Proboscis black, as long as the mouth ;

142 Annals of the South African Museum.

palpi black, dark haired. Thorax black, with reddish postalar calli ;
it is clothed on the back with black hairs and yellowish scales, and
shows a stripe of whitish hairs on each side ; the macrochaetae are
well developed, black ; collar with yellow hairs above and below,
Pleurae grey-dusted, reddish below, with yellow hairs and some black
ones on the middle of the mesopleura and a few black bristles on the
pteropleura ; metapleura entirely yellowish-haired ; sternopleura with
a patch of silvery scales. Scutellum red, with black and black-scaled
base, with yellowish scales behind and on the sides, and with black
bristles. Squamae brownish black, with yellowish or whitish fringe ;
plumula whitish ; halteres black with paler knob. Abdomen elongate,
with parallel sides, obtuse at the end, flattened, black, with less
developed red spots on the sides of the 2nd and 3rd segment. The
middle and the base of the segments are clothed with black scales,
while those of the hind border are yellowish ; in addition, on the base
of 2nd segment and on sides of 3rd and 4th there are bands of
whitish scales ; the sides have short black hairs, only those of the 2
tirst segments being whitish. Male genitalia black, yellow-haired ;
spines of the ovipositor long, straight, black ; venter either entirely
red, or with more or less developed basal black bands on the segments,
clothed with white scales, and with white hairs at base, black at end.
Legs yellow, the tarsi and the hind tibiae being infuscate at apex ;
those of the front pair are much abbreviated, coxae with whitish hairs
at the base and with black ones at the end, the tibiae are very thick
and short, with well developed spicules, the tarsi are very short, with
short black pubescence ; femora with yellowish scales ; spines black ;
on the front pair are some short ones, on the middle pair 3-4, on the
hind pair a complete row ; claws black, with long acute tooth. Wings
long and broad, but narrow at base, the alula being small ; the basal
hook and the small comb are black ; the latter is clothed with yellow
scales. Wings wholly and equally blackened, with faint violaceous
reflexions and less distinct pale spots in the centre of the discoidal,
subniarginal and posterior cells, which in some specimens are more
distinct than in others, making the wings appear reticulate. There are
no distinct darker clouds at the usiial places. The alula is entirely
black and with blackish long fringe, even on the base of the axillary
lobe. Venation normal for the group ; discal cross-vein placed before
the middle of the discoidal cell ; apical cross-vein of the discoidal
cell very V-shaped and placed horizontally, the cell therefore shaped
as in Litorrhynchus ; first posterior cell a little broader than the anal
cell, second only a little uarroAver than the third, third very long.
Praediscoidal spot small and greyish.

OH tf/e Bombtjliifl Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 143

EXOPROSOPA (ACRODISCA) PERSONATA, sp. 11OV., $ , $ .

A small black species allied to angirtata, but distinguished by the
more broadly iufuscate wings, which are reticulate and not spotted
along the hind border.

Type <$ , and an additional specimen of the same sex from Bushman-
land, Jackal's Water (Cape), October, 1911 (R. M. Lightfoot).

Type 9, a single specimen from Tulbagh (Cape), November, 1910
(R. M. Lightfoot).

Length of body 7-9 mm. ; of a wing 8-10 mm. ; the 9 is of greater
size, measuring 11 and 12 mm. respectively.

Head as in the preceding species, but the frons and face is entirely
black in the male and red in the female, with broad black base and
spot ; basal joints of the antennae blackish in the male and red in the
female, the third joint black, conical, elongate, obtuse at apex, with a
very short and stout style. Thorax entirely black, clothed like the
preceding, but with the lateral hairs more white ; scutellum black,
with red hind border, broader in the female. Squamae and halteres
as in the preceding. Abdomen entirely black or with very small red
spots on the sides of 2nd segment in the female ; it is clothed with
black scales on the middle and base of the segments, and with yellowish
ones on the sides and hind border. On the base of the 2nd segment
there is a narrow transverse band of whitish scales and another
abbreviated one on the sides of 3rd ; the sides have whitish hairs on
the two basal segments, black intermingled with black scales on the
remainder. Male genitalia black ; spines of the ovipositor black, thin
and straight. Venter entirely black in the male, with broad, red
hind borders on the segments in the female, clothed with Avhite scales
ami with pale hairs. Legs dark reddish, with black hind tibiae and
tarsi ; front coxae with whitish hairs and femora with whitish scales ;
front pair very abbreviated, with the tibiae short and stout and with
less developed spicules, and with the tarsi very short and thick, shortly
pubescent ; middle femora with 2-3, hind femora with 3-4 spines in
the male and a complete row in the female ; claws black, with long
acute tooth. Wings as in the preceding species, with more developed
clear spots in the cells, even in the discal ; the apex is quite hyaline,
but all the veins at hind border and the cross-vein of the discoidal cell
have bi'oad, partly confluent dark borders, making the Aviiig appear
as if reticulate ; anal cell darkened to the end ; praediscoidal spot
small, whitish. The basal" hook is black; the comb is small, black,
with whitish or yellowish scales ; alula black, with long, blackish fringe
extended on the base of the axillary lobe. Venation as in the pre-
ceding, but the first posterior cell is usually a little more broadly open.

144 Annals of the South African

EXOPEOSOPA (ACRODISCA) ANGULATA, Loew (1860).
Dipteren- Fauna Siicl-At'rikas, p. 242, pi. ii, fig. ; ^>-

Distinct from all the preceding species on account of the rounded
dark spots before the ends of the veins along the hind border of the

WlllffS.

Originally described from the Cape from a female example, and
subsequently recorded from Cape Town by Miss Eicardo, there is in
the collection a male from Bushmanland, Ecu Eiet (Cape), October,
1911 (R. M. Lightfoot).

The hitherto undescribed male is very like the female and has the
f rons of about the same breadth ; the genitalia are red, yellowish-
haired. In this species the claws are black, with reddish base, and
have an acute tooth ; the front legs are of the usual structure, the
tibiae being provided with well-developed spicules and the tarsi being
pubescent.

SUBGEN. DEFILIPPIA, Lioy (1864).

The species of the present subgenus are rather numerous in the
Ethiopian fauna ; they are recognised chiefly on account of the shape
of the discoidal cell and of its terminal vein, and have usually a much
developed wing pattern ; but the distinction from some species of
Exoprosopa s. str. is not always easy. Of the various groups of species
belonging here, only two seem to be represented in South Africa, viz.
the renota -group, which is the more important, and the grandis-group.

The species in the collection may be distinguished as follows :

1 (10). Second longitudinal vein with a double, deep, truncate loop; at end

marginal cross-vein strongly curved, and much retreating; smaller
species, with narrow, much variegated or wholly infuscated wings.

2 (3). Wings petiolate, equally darkened, without clearer parts at end or

at hind border, but with distinct darker spots on cross-veins and
bifurcations ; fourth vein with some isolated, darker, rounded spots.

neurospila, sp. nov.

3 (2). Wings not distinctly petiolate, and with clear apex and clear hind

margin, reticulate or spotted ; fourth vein never with isolated dark
spots in the centre.

4 (7). The veins at end and at hind margin of wings have broad fuscous

borders (wings reticulate).

5 (6). Base of antennae, sciitellum, sides of abdomen and legs reddish-

yellow ; pleura with predominant yellowish hairs ; wings less
darkened . venosa > Wied -

6 (5). Antennae, scutellum, abdomen and legs entirely black ; pleurae

wholly black-haired; wings more blackened nlgrovenosa, Bezzi.

On the BvinbyJtiJ Fauna of South Africa (Drptera). 145

7 (4). Wings spotted, viz. at apex and at hind border with f viscous spots,

which are sometimes partly confluent.

8 (9). Scutellum black ; third antenna! joint short, broad at base and

quickly attenuated in a short styliform part, which bears a style as
long as the joint itself ; hind border of the veins with black spots
before their ends . . . . . maculosa, Wied.

9 (8). Scutellum red; third antenna! joint elongate conical, with a very

short terminal style ; veins of the hind border in part destitute of
spots ...... maculifera, sp. nov.

10 (1). Second vein at end with simple, flat, acute loop ; marginal cross-vein

less curved and less retreating ; species more robust, with broad-
banded wings.

11 (12). Hind tibiae densely fringed on the outer side; occiput red; middle

band of wings simple and reaching the hind border ; apex of wing
not spotted ...... strenua, Loew.

12 (11). Hind tibiae with the usual row of spines; occiput black; middle

band of wings divided into two parts posteriorly, but reaching the
hind border ; apex of wing spotted . . hirtipes, Loew.

EXOPROSOPA (DEFILIPPIA) NEUROSPILA, sp. nov., $ .

A narrow, elongate species with long, equally infuscated, black-
spotted wings bearing spots along the fourth longitudinal vein.

Type $ , a single specimen from M'Fongosi, Zululaud, February,
1914 (W. E. Jones).

Length of body 10 mm. Occiput black, with yellowish scales and
whitish central fringe ; postvertical furrow narrow and not broadened
behind ; eyes with deep indentation and long bisecting line ; ocellar
tubercle reddish brown ; frons deep black, narrow at vertex but very
broad at the insertion of the antennae, with rather long black erect
hairs and yellowish scales ; face conically prominent, red, with a black
spot on each side, with pale yellowish scales, yellow hairs on sides, and
a fringe of black hairs at the mouth borders, forming a dense tuft at
the end ; mouth borders pale yellowish. Antennae with the two basal
joints red, black haired, the first more than twice as long as the
globular second joint ; third joint wanting in the type. Proboscis
black, a little projecting ; palpi dark yellowish, pale-haired. Thorax
deep black, the postalar cells a little reddish, clothed with short black
hairs and with golden yellow scales, with a narrow stripe of yellow
hairs on each side and with well-developed black bristles ; collar
entirely yellow ; pleurae black, grey-dusted, red along the sutures and
behind, with wholly yellow hairs ; metapleural tuft yellow ; sterno-
pleura with yellow hairs and yellow scales. Scutellum red with black
base, clothed like the thorax. Squamae dirty yellowish, with whitish
fringe ; pluniula yellow ; halteres pale brownish, with a lighter knob.
10

14C Annals of the South African Museum.

Abdomen narrow and elongate, with parallel sides, red, the first segment
and a broad middle longitudinal stripe black ; it is clothed with black
and yellow scales, and on the sides has short hairs which are pale
yellowish 011 the first and the fore part of the second and third
segments, black on the rest. Genitalia red and black, yellow-haired ;
venter pale red, with whitish scales and long pale yellowish hairs at
the base and in the centre. Legs yellow, the coxae and tarsi black at
tip ; they are clothed with yellow and black scales, and have black
bristles ; coxae with yellow hairs ; front pair less abbreviated, with
smooth tibiae; middle femora with 1-2, hind femora with 4-5 spines;
claws black, with a short tooth. Wings rather broad, unifonuly but
not intensively infuscated ; the rounded dark spots are placed on the
base of the upper branch of the cubital fork, on the discal cross-vein,
on the base of second longitudinal vein, on the root of the fifth vein,
on the fourth vein in the centre of the segment between the root of
the fifth and discal cross-veins, on the upper exterior angle of the
discoidal cell, before the apex of the fourth vein, 011 the extreme inner
base of the 2nd and 3rd posterior cells and on the base of the 4th
posterior cell. Hook black ; comb narrow, reddish, with black
bristles ; veins dark red, darkened outwardly ; alula short, transverse,
rounded, with dark fringe. Second vein with very deep double loop
at end ; marginal cross-vein S-shaped and much retreating ; upper
branch of cubital fork much retreating ; discal cross-vein placed on
the middle of the long and very acute discoidal cell. First posterior
cell broadly open, second long and narrower than the third at end, its
basal vein strongly V-shaped, but shorter than the basal vein of the
third cell, which is strongly bent basally ; third posterior cell very
long, but considerably shorter than the 4th at the base ; anal cell
broadly open ; axillary lobe rather broad and long.

EXOPROSOPA (DEFILIPPIA) VENOSA, Wiedemann (1819).

Easily distinguishable by the wings being hyaline but strongly
reticulate in their apical and posterior part.

This exclusively South African species is represented by a male
specimen from Cape Town, December, 1884 (T. D. Butler).

EXOPROSOPA (DEFILIPPIA) NIGROVENOSA, Bezzi, sp. nov.

Allied to the preceding, but entirely black and with black-haired
pleurae.

Described in my general work ; there is a female from Durban,
April, 1913 (W. Haygarth). The present species is possibly the same
as E. venosa, Macquart, nee Wiedemanu.

On the Boiitliyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 147

EXOPROSOPA (DEFILIPPIA) MACULOSA, Wiedemann (1819).

Distinguished by the very characteristic form of the third autennal
joint, and by the numerous dark spots of the apical and posterior
part of the wings. Likewise an exclusively South African form, of
which there is a female from Cape Town, 1884, and a male from
Tulbagh (Cape), November, 1910 (R. M. Lightfoot).

EXOPROSOPA (DEFILIPPIA) MACTJLIFERA, sp. nov., $ .

Allied to the preceding, but distinguished by the elongate conical
third anteuual joint, and by the much less numerous dark spots on
wings.

Type ? , a single specimen from the Cape, without precise
locality.

Length of body 10 mm. ; of a wing 10 mm. Occiput black, grey-
dusted, with whitish scales near the eyes ; postvertical furrow narrow,
not dilated behind ; eyes with deep indentation ; ocellar tubercle
brownish ; frous narrow, black, rather shining, with black erect hairs,
and yellowish scales. Face much conically prominent, entirely red,
clothed like the frons and with a dense black tuft at the upper edge
of the mouth ; mouth borders pale yellowish. Antennae with the
first joint red, black-haired ; the second brown, globular ; the third
black, narrow at base, almost linear, less acute at end, with a short
style, which is much shorter than the half of the joint. Proboscis
black, a little projecting; palpi thin, blackish, pale-haired. Thorax
black, with the humeral and postalar knobs reddish, clothed with
black hairs, yellow scales and yellowish hairs on each side ; macro-
chaetae black ; collar pale yellowish ; pleurae grey-dusted, broadly
reddish at the sutures, with yellowish hairs and some black ones in
the centre of the mesopleura and black bristles on the pteropleura ;
metapleural tuft entirely yellow ; steruopleura with white scales and
yellow hairs.

Scutellum red, clothed like the thorax with black hairs at the hind
border. Squamae yellowish, with whitish fringe; plumula white;
halteres brown with whitish knob. Abdomen black, rather broadly
red on the sides of all the segments, except the first ; it is clothed
with black and yellowish scales, which form some biarcuate bands,
like those of E. reticulata, on the segments 2-6. Base of 2nd and
sides of 3rd segment with broad, pale yellowish band ; sides of first,
fore border of 2nd and 3rd segment with whitish hairs, the rest with
short black ones. Spines of ovipositor yellow. Venter entirely red,
with whitish scales and whitish hairs. Legs entirely yellow, with

148 Annals of the South African Museum.

whitish scales, only the tarsi blackened at end ; front pair with the
coxae clothed with long whitish hairs and some black bristles ; it is
moderately abbreviated ; the tibiae are thin and smooth and the tarsi
minutely pubescent ; spines of femora black, long, the middle pair
with 2, 'the hind pair with 5; claws red, with black tip, and short
but acute basal tooth. Wings with a black basal hook and narrow,
reddish, black bristly comb ; alula greyish, narrow, transverse, with
dark fringe. The venation is the same as in maculosa, but the marginal
cross -vein shows a stump in the first submarginal cell before its

, upper end.

The markings are the same, but much less dark and more restricted,
the discoidal cell being almost entirely hyaline, and the spots at apex
being narrower and more separated ; moreover, along the hind margin
the dark spots at the end of 4th and 5th vein are completely wanting,
the one at the end of the vein between the 2nd and 3rd posterior cells
is very faint, and even the spot at the end of the anal cell is less
developed. The apical cross-vein of the discoidal cell is not entirely
marginated with fuscous, but has only two rounded spots at the
two ends.

EXOPROSOPA (DEFILIPPIA) STRENUA, Loew (1860).

A beautiful species of great size, very distinct from any other here
recorded on account of its red occiput and of the broad, oblique
median dark band of the wings.

Originally described from a female example from the Cape and
never recorded subsequently. Duubrody, Uitenhage (Cape), 1899

(J. A. O'Neil).

To the good original description the following may be ad
Postvertical furrow ^narrow, but bilobate behind ; the indentation of
eyes is flat but the bisecting line is long ; vertex less separated from
the occiput, with no distinct space or furrow; the borders of the
occipital cavity are black ; even the third autennal joint is reddish ;
proboscis black, little projecting ; palpi dark yellowish, pale-haired.
Mesopleura on middle with black, bristly hairs ; sternopleura with
yellow hairs; metapleural tuft entirely yellow. Squamae brownish
red, with double fringe, blackish above and yellowish below. Spines
of the ovipositor shining red. Front legs much abbreviated, the
tibiae being short and thick, smooth, and the tarsi stout, finely
pubescent "middle femora with 5-6, hind femora with a complete
row of spines; hind tibiae with a dense outer fringe of short, black,
bristly hairs among which the discal spines are concealed; claws
black, with a short but acute tooth. Alula transverse but rounded,

0)1 the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 149

yellowish, with dark fringe ; basal hook black, long, gently curved ;
comb very broad, reddish, yellow-towientose, with short black bristles.
Marginal cross-vein less retreating ; di^coidal cell very acute outwardly,
but its terminal vein considerably shorter than the vein at the base of
the third posterior cell ; second basal cell broader at end than the
discoidal one ; axillary lobe very broad and short ; anal cell narrowly
open .

EXOPROSOPA (DEFILIPPIA) HIRTIPES, Loew (1860).
Diptereu-Fauna Siid-Afrikas i, p. 233, pi. ii, fig. 32, 1860.

A very distinct species on account of its peculiar and rich wing
pattern, and the only species here recorded having the second basal
cell broadly hyaline.

Not rare in South Africa and found also northward on the East
Coast. The ciliate front tarsi are present only in the female. There
is a couple of specimens from Dunbrody, Uitenhage (Cape), March,
1903 (J. A. O'Neil).

SUBGEN. PTEKOBATES, Bezzi.

This subgenus is easily recognised from all the other subgenera
of Exoprosopa, s. lat., on account of its broadly feathered hind legs and
of its very peculiar wing pattern.

EXOPROSOPA (PTEROBATES) APICALIS, Wiedemann (1821).

Of this old and well-known species there is a specimen from
Dunbrody, Cape Colony, 1908 (J. A. O'Neil).

SUBGEN. EXOPROSOPA, sensu stricto.

The species of the present subgenus are very numerous, and not
always easy to distinguish from those of the preceding one, especially
those with an extended wing pattern. They may be divided in some
groups, which at present must be considered as artificial ones, but help
in the determination, as can be seen from the following table :

1 (40). Wings not wholly hyaline, but with a more or less extended and

defined dark pattern.

2 (3). Wing-pattern filling up the entire black wing, only the extreme apex

being whitish and hyaline (nemesis-group) . . nemesis, Fain-.

150 Annals of the South African Museum.

3 (2). Hyaline part of the wings extended as much as, or even more than, the

darkened part.

4 (27). Wings typically dimidiate, viz. obliquely bordered with fuscous on

the anterior half, the posterior one being hyaline with or without
dark spots or abbreviated bands.

5 (14). Fore dark border of wings with abbreviated bands or projections

departing from it and encroaching on the posterior hyaline part, but
always without isolated dark spots or infuscations of cross-veins
(seniculus-gronp) .

6 (13). The middle fuscous band of wings is prolonged over the discoidal cell,

reaching sometimes the hind border or nearly so.

7 (12). The vein between the discoidal and the second posterior cell is long,

placed horizontally, nearly V-shaped as in Dejilippia.

8 (11). Discoidal cell very much dilated at end and with a projecting stump ;

metapleural tuft mainly black ; second posterior cell narrower than
the third at end.

9 (10). Wing-markings black ; middle band rather broad . morosa, Loew.

10 (9). Wing-markings pale brown ; middle band very narrow.

iynava, Loew.

11 (8). Discoidal cell not, or less dilated at end and not appendiculate ;

metapleural tuft yellow ; second posterior cell not narrowed at end.

seniculus, Wied.

12 (7). The above-named vein is short and almost straight; discoidal cell

not or little dilated at end and not appendiculate ; metapleural tuft
yellow ....... elongata, Bic.

13 (6). Middle band rudimentary, reduced to a short projection not reaching

beyond the middle of the discoidal cell; this last cell narrow and
truncate at end .... argent if rons, Macq.

14 (5). Fore dark border of the wings destitute of dark bands or projections

proceeding from it ; if abbreviated bands are present there are also
isolated fuscous spots.

15 (22). Wings with distinct isolated dark spots on hind border of apex, even

if existing only as a faint infuscation at the upper end of the
discoidal cell or the inner end of the second posterior cell.

16 (17). Wings with some isolated brown spots in the hyaline apex; terminal

vein of discoidal cell short and perpendicular; antennal style rudi-
mentary (oojje?ms-group) .... capensis, Wied.

17 (16). Wings without isolated dark spots on the hyaline apex, but with a

spot on the hind hyaline part (wanting in dux) ; discoidal cell never
dilated at end (7ieros-group).

18 (19). Legs entirely black ..... cluta, Loew.

19 (18). Legs red, at least those of the front pair.

20 (21). Wings with a broad, distinct, greyish patch at the lower angle of

discoidal cell ...... heros, Wied.

21 (20). Wings without such a patch . . . dux, Wied.

22 (15). Wings simply dimidiate, without isolated spots at the apex or at the

hind border (dimidiata-group).

23 (24). The vein between the discoidal and the second posterior cell in a

long and strongly V shape .... sigmoidea, Bezzi.

On the. B<)i1>ijliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 151

24 (2.3). The above-named vein short and straight.

25 (26). Metapleural tuft entirely reddish ; discoidal cell not dilated at end ;

liasal joints of antennae black ; abdomen of male with silvery lateral
patches . .... dimidiata, Macq.

l'(J (-25). Metapleural tuft entirely black; discoidal cell dilated at end and
appendiculate ; antennae red at base; abdomen not silvery.

dilatata, sp. nov.

27 (4) . Wings not properly dimidiate, even if the costa is infuscated or striped.

28 (37). Abdomen of conical shape, pointed at end, very often red ; terminal

vein of discoidal cell short, straight, but placed obliquely, and there-
fore the upper angle of discoidal cell is an acute one (punctulata.
group). '

29 (30) . Front tibiae distinctly spinulose ; wings with a brown fore-border

and with dark spots on cross-veins and bifurcations.

punctulata, Macq.

30 (29). Front tibiae smooth ; wings without such a pattern.

31 (34). Wings with a broad brown fore border.

32 (33). Dark fore border less intensive and less denned, extending to the 2nd

basal cell and on a part of the discoidal cell . parvula, nom. nov.

33 (32). Brown fore border well denned, not extending to the discoidal cell or

2nd basal cell . .... stannusi, Bezzi.

34 (31). Wings with a narrow, yellowish, or brownish fore-border.

35 (36). Basal joints of antennae and legs entirely black ; cross- veins infus-

cated, abdomen red on the sides . . . inaequalipes, Loew.

36 (35). Basal joints of antennae and legs red ; cross-veins less infuscated;

abdomen broadly or wholly red . . . batrachoides, Bezzi.

37 (28). Abdomen not conical and mainly black ; terminal vein of discoidal

cell straight and perpendicular, its upper angle therefore not acute,
the cell being truncate outwardly.

38 (39). Wings with broad and well-defined black spots on cross- veins and

bifurcations (balioptera-group) ' . . . balioptera, Loew.

39 (38). Wings not punctate, or only with less defined shading on the cross-

veins (Zrasiris-group) .... luteicosta, Bezzi.

40 (1). Wings entirely hyaline, without any distinct dark pattern (stupida-

group) ..... parvicellula, sp. nov.

A. GROUP PUSILLA.

This small group, which is made distinct by the presence of hyaline
feuestrae in the dark part of the wings, included only the West
African species pusilla, Macq., and jacchoides, Bezzi. A third South
African species is now added to it.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) FORMOSULA, sp. uov.

An elegant species very distinct from all the other South African
species of the present subgenus on account of its hyaline feuestrae in
the black part of the wings.

152 Annals of the South African Museum.

Type (J , a single specimen from Hex River ; December, 1884
(L. Peringuey).

<J. Length of the body 7 mm. ; of the wing 7 mm. ; of the wing-
spread 16 mm. Head entirely shining black, but dark reddish brown
on the face below and at the hind border of the occiput; the mouth
borders are narrowly yellowish. The occiput is denuded in case of
the type, but the central fringe is blackish, and at the borders of the
eyes, chiefly near the indentation, there is a silvery, scaly tomentum.
Frons at vertex as broad as the ocellar tubercle, but quickly bi'oadeniug
beyond the middle ; it is clothed with black erect hairs and has short,
scattered, silvery hairs on the front half. Face couically produced but
blunt, clothed with black hairs and with some silvery, shorter ones.
The two basal joints of the antennae are black, the first being clothed
with black hairs; the third joint is dark reddish, shortly conical,
about as long as the first joint, with a short terminal style. Proboscis
as long as the mouth opening, dirty blackish ; palpi thin, upturned,
dark yellowish. Thorax entirely black, and (when denuded) rather
shiny ; humeral and post-alar callosities brownish like the greatest
part of the pleurae ; on the back of the mesonotum there are black
hairs and brownish tomentum ; the collar is black ; the pleurae have
black and dark yellowish hairs ; all the macrochaetae are black.
Scutellum dark brown with a black base, clothed like the back of
mesonotum. Squamulae brown with white fringe; plumula white;
halteres yellowish. Abdomen shining black, with the segments
narrowly brown at hind border ; it seems to be clothed with black
hairs, and with bi'ownish, scaly tomentum, but at the base, on each
side of the two first segments, there is a spot of white scales, clothed
with white hairs ; the last two segments also seem to have silvery
scales at the base. Venter black, with silvery scaly tomentum ;
geuitalia reddish-brown. Legs black, with reddish broAvn tibiae and
tarsi ; front pair abbi'eviated, with smooth tibiae ; spines black ; claws
simple, reddish yellow, with black tips. Wings proportionately short
and broad, with a very distinct pattern. At base they are dark
yellowish brown to the base of the discoidal cell ; an elongate, deep
black spot on the second basal cell is very striking, and is placed
symmetrically across the basal portion of the fourth longitudinal
vein. In the middle the wings are black, the edge going obliquely and
sinuously from the end of the auxiliary vein to the end of the anal
cell ; the discoidal cell is filled up with black to the end, only its
upper corner being narroAvly hyaline ; in the marginal cell the black
ends rather obliquely and a little before the upper end of the marginal
cross-vein. The apical part of the wings is hyaline and strongly

On the BnmbifJIiiJ Fauna of South Africa {Dlptera}. 153

iridescent. The 2 whitish hyaline fenestrae are rounded and are
placed one at the base of the 2nd longitudinal vein and one on the
middle cross- vein ; they are of about equal size ; at the base of the
3rd and of the 4th posterior cell there are less-developed yellowish
stripes ; at the end of the anal cell there is in addition a rounded,
yellowish spot. Basal hook and basal comb black, the latter with
a dark greyish tomentum above ; veins quite reddish yellow and paler
on the hyaline pai'ts of the wing ; 2nd longitudinal vein less looped
at end and not retreating, originating before the middle cross-
vein ; marginal cross-vein oblique; upper branch of the cubital
fork S-shaped. First posterior cell dilated outwardly, as broad as the
2nd ; 3rd broadly truncate at base ; 4th broader than the 3rd at end ;
discoidal cell narrowed in the middle, with the middle cross-vein
placed before the centre, and with the terminal cross-vein straight,
but set obliquely ; anal cell broadly open. Alula yellowish-brown,
with a darkish fringe like the base of auxiliary lobe, which is black on
its apical half only.

B. GROUP NEMESIS.

EXOPKOSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) NKBIESIS, Fabricius (1805).
Syst. Autl., 1805, p. 121.

A very distinct species, characterised by the entirely black wings,
with a narrow whitish hyaline apex and some shining brownish spots
at cross-veins and bifucatious.

A specimen from M'Fongosi, Zululaud, 1914 (W. E. Jones), and
another from Barbertou, Transvaal, December, 1911 (H. Edwards).

C. GROUP SENICULUS.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) MOBosA, Loew (1860).
Dipteren-Fauua Siid-Afrikas, p. 332, pi. ii, fig. 30.

A very characteristic species of great size, distinguished by the
abbreviated cross-baud of the wrings at the end of discoidal cell.
Originally described fromCaffraria.it is probable that Littorliy nclm s
hamatus, Macquart, from the Cape is the present species, chieflv
because the length of the proboscis seems to be variable, as observed
by Miss Kicardo for the following species. There is a female specimen
from Barberton, Transvaal, December, 1911 (H. Edwards).

154 Annals of the South African Museum.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) IGNAVA, LoeW.

Dipteren-Fauna Siicl-At'rikas, p. 232, pi. ii, fig. 31.

Closely allied to the preceding, but distinguished ou account of its
much paler aiid less extended wing pattern.

Originally described from the Cape and recorded subsequently from
the Transvaal ; I have received a specimen from Grahamstowu
(Cape).

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) SENICULUS, Wiedemann (1828).

If I have interpreted exactly the present species it seems to be a
common insect in South Africa, as previously stated by Macquart
(who placed it in Litorrhynchus) ; it is easily distinguishable by the
ascribed characters given in the table. Some specimens from Van Wyk's
Vlei, Carnarvon (Cape) (E. G. Alston), and from Smithfield (Orange
Free State) (D. K. Kanuemeyer).

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) ELONGATA, Bicardo (1901).

A distinct, middle-sized species, closely allied to the preceding one,
but easily recognised by the venation. Originally described from the
Transvaal and Namaqualaud (Cape), there are in the Museum
collection specimens from Howick, Natal, and from M'Fongosi,
Zululaud, March, 1911 (W. E. Jones).

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) ARGENTIFRONS, Macquart (1855).
Dipt. Exot. Suppl., 5, p. 65, pi. iii, fig. 2.

A pretty species of small size ; very distinct from all the others
owing to the short, black projection of the fore border of the wings
and by the silvery frontal patch.

Described from the Cape and subsequently recorded by me from
Western Nyassa ; there is a single male specimen from Cape Town
(L. Peringuey).

D. GROUP CAPENS1S.
EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) CAPENSIS, Wiedemann (1821).

A small-sized, rather aberrant species, distinguished by the rudi-
mentary antennal style, by the spiuulose front tibiae and by the
characteristic wing pattern.

On the Bombyliid Funn of South Africa (Diptern). 155

Wiedeinauu has described this species from the Cape ; it is recorded
only by the oldest authors. The species described under the same name
by Macquart seems to be a different one, as the anteuual style is said
to be distinct, but Wiedemann states that the third joint is thicker
than usual.

There is in the collection a single specimen from O'Okiep,
Namaqualaud (Cape) (L. Pcriuguey), 1905.

Third antenual joint H times as long as the two preceding together,
elongate conical, rather linear, not broadened at base and without
distinct terminal style. Face conically produced, with dense pale
yellowish scales ; proboscis not projecting. Thorax with black
bristles ; pleurae with only yellowish hairs, even on the metapleura ;
steruopleura with yellowish scales. Scutellum red, with black base
and black bristles at the hind border. Squamae pale yellowish, with
whitish fringe. Legs entirely yellowish, with whitish scales ; front
pair much abbreviated, with the tibiae thick and short and beset Avith
distinct spicules, the tarsi shortly pubescent ; claws thin, with reddish
base and short but acute basal tooth. Wings with small, yellowish or
whitish tonientose basal comb ; second vein originating at a considerable
distance from the discal cross-vein, with not deep but duplicated
terminal loop ; marginal cross-vein V-shaped, much retreating ; first
posterior cell narrowed at end, only a little broader than the anal cell ;
discal cross-vein placed in the middle of the discoidal cell, which is
not dilated below at end and has a V-shaped terminal vein, which is,
however, less obliquely set ; third posterior cell considerably shorter
than the fourth at the base. Axillary lobe long and narrow ; alula
iufuscated, and with a darkish fringe.

E. GrROUP 11 EROS.

The species of the present group are often confused, and seem to be
peculiar to the South African Fauna ; they are closely allied in
venation with some species of the following group, but have a much
less defined and less dark wing pattern ; characteristic also of the
group are the isolated dark spots on the hind half of the Aviiig, which
are rarely wanting.

EXOPBOSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) INFUMATA, Bezzi.

Closely allied with eluta, but at once distinguished by its sharply
defined wing-pattern and by the posterior half of the wing being
distinctly smoky.

156 Annals of the South African Museum.

Originally described by me from N.W. Rhodesia in my paper on
the Bombyliidae of the British Museum, there is a specimen from
Salisbury, Arcturus, 1916 (Dr. Melle).

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) BLUTA, Loew (1860).
Dipteren-Fauua Siid-Afrikas, p. 227, pi. ii, fig. 5.

Very closely allied to the following one, but distinguished by the
smaller size, by the black legs and by the faint iufuscation on the
cross-vein dividing the discoidal from the second basal cell.

Stellenbosch (Cape), 1888 (L. Peringuey) ; Ceres (Cape), Matroos-
berg, 5000 ft., January, 1917 (It. M. Lightfoot); another example
9 nun. in length from Zululaud, M'Fougosi, December, 1914 (W. E.
Jones).

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) HEROS, Wiedemann (1819).

A species of great or medium she, distinguished by the broad
fuscous patch of the hind half of the wings.

I think that the form described by Loew (Dipt. Sudafrik. p. 334,
pi. ii, fig. 33) answers to the variety mentioned by Wiedemauu, and
I have named it loewiana ; I think, moreover, that E. caffra, Macquart
(nee Wiedemann) is also the present species, which seems to be very
common in South Africa.

There are numerous specimens, varying in length from 10 to 20 mm.
Stellenbosch (Cape), 1887 (L. Periuguey) ; Berg River ; Laiugsburg,
November, 1910 (R. M. Lightfoot) ; Hex River, January, 1885, named
" keros " by Bigot; O'Okiep (Cape), 1885 (L. Pcringuey) ; Barberton,
Transvaal, November, 1911 (H. Edwards); Spektakel and Springbok,
Namaqualaud (Cape), November, 1890 (R. M. Lightfoot) ; M'Fougosi,
Zululand, December, 1911 (W. E. Jones); Otjivaraugo, Damaraland,
January, 1920 (R. W. E. Tucker).

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) DUX, Wiedemanu (1828).

Probably only a variety of the preceding, distinguished by the want
of the fuscous patch at the hind half of the wing.

Some specimens from Hex River (Cape), December, 1884 (L.
Pcriuguey), and Bush mankind, Henkries (Cape), October, 1911 (R. M.
Lightfoot) .

On tJie Bombyliid Fauna of Sonlli Africa (THpffra}. 157

F. GROUP DIMIDTATA.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) SIGMOIDEA, Bezzi (1912).

This species has the venation of lieros, but without the lowei 1 dilata-
tion of the diseoiclal cell, and the wing pattern as in dux, but more
intensive and more defined.

Originally described from Western Nvassaland. There are some

O *>

specimens from Smithfield, 1910, Orange Free State (D. R. Kanne-
meyer), and from Dunbrody, Uitenhage (Cape), March, 1912 (J. A.
O'Neil).

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) DIMTDIATA, Macquart (184G).
Dipt. Exot. Suppl. i, p. 107, pi. ix, fig. 11.

A species very distinct on account of its wing pattern and of the
silvery abdominal pubescence of the male.

Widely spread in South Africa. There are specimens from Natal,
Pine Town, 1885 (J. H. Barber), named "Anthrax dimidiates, Macq.,"
by Bigot ; Beehuanaland, junction Crocodile-Marico Rivers, February,
1918 (R. W. E. Tucker) ; Otjituo, Damaraland, January, 1920
(R. W. E. Tucker).

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) DILATATA, sp. nov., $ .

A species of large size, distinguished by the prevailing black colour
of the thoracical hairs and by the dilatation of the discoidal cell.

This characteristic species seems to be common in South Africa ; it
is almost certain that the female described by Loew (/. c., p. 226), and
which I have previously referred with doubt to my discriminata, is the
same species. There are in the collection numerous specimens from
M'Fongosi, Zululand, February, 1912 (W. E. Jones); Barberton,
Transvaal, December, 1911 (H. Edwards) ; Smithfield, Orange Free
State (D. R. Kannemeyer) ; Dunbrody, Uitenhage (Cape), 1899 (J. A.
O'Neil). I have also received it from Grahamstown.

Length of the body 14-16 mm. ; of a wing 14-16 mm. Head black,
dark reddish on fore half of frons and on the face, genae and mouth
borders ; occiput dark grey-dusted, with yellowish central fringe,
yellowish ocular stripe, and a deep postvertical furrow r ; vertex
separated from the occiput by a deep depression ; eye indentation less
pronounced, but bisecting line elongate; frons at vertex more than
three times as broad as the dark brown ocellar tubercle, with short,

158 Annals of the South African Museum.

deep black erect hairs arid with golden yellow scales on the reddish
part ; face conically prominent, with yellow scales and black oral
fringe. Antennae with the first joint long, red, black-haired ; the
second joint globular, reddish brown ; the third black, shortly conical,
not longer than the first two joints taken together, not broadened at
base, its terminal style longer than the half of the joint. Palpi and
proboscis black, this last projecting for the length of the labelli.
Thorax entirely black, with black hairs and golden yellow tomentum
on dorsum ; there are no distinct clear stripes on the sides ; collar
bright yellow above, black on sides and underneath. Notopleural tufts
and bristles black ; pleurae black-haired, with some golden hairs on
upper border of mesopleura and pteropleura ; metapleural tuft entirely
black ; sternopleurae without clear tomentum ; scutellum dark reddish,
with black base, yellowish hairs and black bristles at the hind border.
Squamae dark brown or blackish, with blackish fringe ; plumula
white ; halteres blackish. Abdomen black, narrowly reddish on the
sides of the second segment ; the dense but not long hairs of the sides
are entirely black, except on the sides of the first segment, where
they are pale yellowish ; tergites clothed with black scales and with a
complete band of quite white scales on the base of the 3rd segment,
narrow in the middle and broadened towards the sides ; on the 6th
and 7th segments there is such a band, but it is broadly interrupted
in the middle, thus forming 4 ovate spots ; genitalia black and black-
haired ; venter entirely black, with black hairs and scarce scattered
whitish scales. Legs with the coxae entirely dark reddish, only the
tarsi being blackened ; front pair less abbreviated, with smooth tibiae
and shortly pubescent tarsi ; middle femora with 2-3 hind femora
with a complete row of spines ; claws black, with a short and acute
basal tooth. Wings purely hyaline, with a well-defined, blackish basal
pattern ; the limit goes regularly from end of the axillary vein, over
discal and anal cross-veins, to the middle of the axillary lobe ; prae-
discoidal spot of great size, rounded, greyish. The basal hook is
black ; the comb is black, broad and short, with reddish dust.
Terminal loop of the second longitudinal vein less deep ; marginal
cross-vein retreating, but almost straight ; first posterior cell less
narrowed at end, second narrower than the third and the vein between
them is curved forwards at end ; third posterior cell less short than
the fourth at base ; discal cross- vein set a little before the middle of
the discoidal cell ; this cell rather short, broad ; the vein dividing it
from the third posterior cell is curved below and protrudes in this last
cell ; the vein between the discoidal and the second posterior cell
rather Y-shaped and long ; there is a stump in the discoidal cell near

On tlie Bomlri/liid Fauna of South Africa CDlptfra}. 159

the end of the vein dividing the second from the third posterior cell ;
axillary lobe short and broad ; alula very darkened, with a blackish
fringe which is continued on the basal part of the axillary lobe.

G. GROUP PUNCTULATA.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) PUNCTULATA, Macquart (1840).
Dipt, Exot, II, p. 48, pi. xviii, fig-. 2.

An eminently characteristic species, distinct from all its allies on
account of the spinulose front tibiae.

Widely spread over the Ethiopian region. Dunbrody, Blue Cliff,
Uitenhage (Cape), March 1st, 1912 ; Cape Town (E. M. Lightfoot),
March, 1917; Klipfontein, Namaqualand (Cape), L. Pt'riuguey ;
M'Fongosi (Zululand), W. E. Jones.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) PERPULCHRA, Bezzi.

Distinct from the other species of the group on account of its rich
wing pattern, consisting of 2 broad fuscous bands, crossing the wing
at the two ends of the discoidal cell.

Orio-inallv described from Nvassaland, and not hitherto known from

o *

South Africa; there is a specimen from Salisbury, S. Rhodesia,
January, 1915 (J. O'Neil).

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) PARVULA, Bez., uom. nov.
E. parva, Eicardo (1901), not parva, Loew (1869).

Evidently allied to the preceding species, but distinguished by the
dark wing pattern, which is destitute of isolated spots, recalling that
of the dimicliata group.

Originally described from the Transvaal, there is a specimen from
Kimberley (Cape) 1892 (L. Periuguey).

A male specimen from Pretoria, Transvaal, November 10th, 1916
(G. A. H. Bedford), has the frous a little broader, the femora black,
and the wing pattern more infuscated. In the right wing of this
specimen the discoidal cell is exactly divided into two cells by a
supernumerary cross-vein, placed in the middle.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) STANNUSI, Bezzi (1912).
Easily distinguished by its well-defined dark fore border of wings,
the second basal cell being, however, almost entirely hyaline. Origin-

ICO Annals of tlie South African Museum.

ally described from Western Nyassa ; female specimens from Bulawayo
and TJmaruma, S. Rhodesia, October 2nd, 1916 (J. A. O'Neil).

In my original description the scutellum is said to be black, while
it is red. The hitherto undescribed female is very much lilce the
male ; the spines of the ovipositor are of a shining red colour.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) INAEQUALIPES, Loew (1852).

A robust species of large size, distinguished from the one following
by the entirely black antennae and legs, and by the broadly infuscated
cross-veins.

Described by Loew from Mozambique, there is a female specimen
also from Inhambane (Mozambique) December 7th, 1912 (K. H.
Barnard).

This species is closely allied to E. major, Rieardo, from Nyassalaud,
but is distinguished by the redder abdomen. E. costatis, Macquart,
belongs also to the present group of species very difficult to identify.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) BATRACHOIDES, Bezzi (1912).

A species of gi-eat size, distinguished by the prevailing red colour
of the legs and abdomen.

Originally described from Nyassalaud, there are in the collection
2 specimens from Springvale, S. Rhodesia, October 6th, 1912, and also
another from S. Rhodesia without exact locality (Oakley), 1910.

The pi-esent species seems to be hardly distinguishable from the
West African E. merope, Wied.

H. GROUP BALIOPTERA.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) BALIOPTERA, Loew (1860).
Dipteren-Fauna Siid-Afrikas, p. 238, pi. ii, fig. 36.

A black, rather small species, at once distinguishable from any
other by its characteristic wing pattern.

Described from the Cape and Caffraria ; two examples from the
neighbourhood of Durban, Natal (H. W. Bell-Marley), and Durban
(Natal), without precise locality.

I. GROUP INERMIS.
EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) PEDIFORMIS, Bezzi.

Very distinct from all the other South African species on account of
its reddish body, lacking all the macrochaetae, of its rounded face, of
its non-spinous femora, and of its specially shaped discoidal cell in
the yellowish grey wings.

On the Bonibyliid Fauna of South Africa {Diptera}. 161

Origiually described from Nyassaland in my work on the Bomby-
liidae of the British Museum, there is a male specimen from M'Fongosi,
Zululand, March, 1917 (W. E. Jones).

J. GROUP Busiitis.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) LUTEICOSTA, Bezzi, sp. nov.

A species resembling in general facies E. heros or dux, but more
allied to major-batrachoides, and having the venation of the present
group, in which it may be provisionally placed.

A male from Ovambolaucl, 1890-91 (E. W. Eriksson), and 2
specimens from Graham stown (Cape) in my collection ; there are
some other doubtful specimens from Touws River, Cape, and Potchef-
stroom, Transvaal (T. Ay res).

I described the present species from East Africa, and the South
African specimens agree well with the types, but they are of larger
size and have more extended and darker wing-pattern. E. costalis,
Macquart, is perhaps allied, but it is said to have a venation like that
of E. Robertsi.

Length of body 16-19 mm. ; of wing 17-20 mm. Head black ; the
fore half of f rons, the face and the mouth borders are of a pale reddish
colour ; occiput grey-dusted, with pale yellowish central fringe and
whitish ocular stripe ; postvertical furrow narrow ; vertex depressed
between the eyes ; f rons i of the head at vertex and -- at the antennae,
the upper half clothed with blackish erect hairs, the frontal half with
dense yellowish scales and pale yellowish hairs ; face bluntly convex,
not much produced, the sides with shining white scales and whitish
hairs at the mouth borders. Antennae with the first joint short, dark
brown, yellowish-haired ; third joint black, elongate, with a short
terminal style ; palpi and proboscis blackish, the latter a little pro-
jecting. Thorax black, with yellowish dust on the back, Avhich shows
3 longitudinal stripes ; collar eutii-ely yellowish like the hairs on the
sides ; bristles black ; pleurae entirely whitish-haired, even on the
metapleura. Scutelluni red, with a narrow black base, yellowish-
dusted, and with numerous black bristles at the hind border. Squamae
brownish yellow with a whitish fringe ; halteres brownish, with paler
knob. Abdomen broad and obtuse at end, entirely black ; the hairs
on the sides of the first segment whitish, those on the others alternately
blackish and yellowish ; the upper side is clothed with black scales
and has cross-bauds of white scales complete on the 2nd sides of the
3rd and 4th and also entire on the 6th and 7th ; venter black, with
white scales and hairs. Legs black, with yellowish scales on femora
11

162 Annals of the South African Museum.

and tibiae; front coxae yellowish-haired; front pair not much
abbreviated, with smooth tibiae and short pubescent tarsi; claws
black, with an acute basal tooth. Wings greyish hyaline with a
narrowly luteous base, and a dark luteous fore border to the end of the
axillary vein not extending below over the 4th longitudinal vein ;
cross-veins bordered with fuscous ; basal hook reddish brown ; basal
comb reddish, with black bristles and yellowish dust, Second longi-
tudinal vein with an almost indistinct terminal loop ; marginal cross-
vein straight and almost perpendicular; 1st posterior cell less
narrowed at end, being more than twice as broad as the anal cell at
end; 2nd much shorter and narrower than the third, this last
considerably shorter than the 4th at the base. Discal cross-vein placed
considerably before the middle of the discoidal cell ; this last cell
short and as broad at the base as at the end, very truncate outwardly,
its terminal vein being perfectly straight, short and perpendicular,
one third the length of the other vein. Alula yellowish, with greyish
fringe ; axillary lobe rather broad, but elongate.

L. GROUP STUPIDA.
EXOPROSOPA (EXOPEOSOPA) PARVICELLULA, sp. nov., $ .

A smallish species very like stupida, with metallic scales on head
and body, but distinguishable by the wings being less vitreous and
having a different venation.

Tvpe $ . A single not well-preserved specimen from Inhambane,
Mozambique (K. H. Barnard).

Length of body 8 mm. ; of a wing 7 mm. Head entirely shining
black, with only the entire mouth borders and the genae yellow;
occiput entirely clothed with metallic shining scales, which are denser
near the rather deep indentation of eyes and on the lower part of the eye-
borders ; central fringe whitish ; postvertical furrow deep, broadening
behind ; f rons gently convex, | of the head at the vertex, with black, erect
hairs and metallic scales in front above the antennae. Face conically
prominent, but convex above and obtuse at end, with dense metallic
scales and short black hairs. Antennae entirely black ; first joint
short and black-haired ; third broad at base, but quickly constricted
into a long and thick stylifonn part without distinct style at end ;
palpi and proboscis black, this last a little projecting. Thorax entirely
black ; it seems to be clothed with metallic scales which are denser
near the sides ; collar entirely whitish, like the longer hairs of the
sides ; bristles black, pleurae with entirely white hairs, even the meta-
pleural tuft; sternopleura densely clothed by broad white scales.

On the Bombyliid Fauna of So tit ft Africa (Diptera). 163

Scutellum wholly black, with metallic scales like the thorax. Squamae
whitish, with white fringe ; halteres yellow ; plumula white. Abdomen
elongate-conical, entirely black, only the hind borders of the segments
being a little brownish ; the sides are entirely bare, the first segment
oulv having short white hairs, and the last segment dark scales on the
hind border ; at the base of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th segment there seem
to be bauds of white scales, which are broadly interrupted in the
centre ; spines of the ovipositor black. Venter black, with complete
bauds of white scales at the base ; last steruite prominent, in the
shape of a short keel. Legs black ; front pair wanting in the type,
but the front coxae are black, white-tomeutose and white-pilose ;
middle femora without distinct spines, hind femora with 2-3 at the
end, underneath ; spicules of tibiae scarce and short ; claws black,
with a short but distinct basal tooth. Wings hyaline, iridescent, Avith
a pale yellowish tint ; basal comb narrow, yellowish ; veins entirely
yellow, darkened near the apex aud the hind border ; second vein
deeply looped at end ; marginal cross-vein straight, but placed much
obliquely ; upper branch of third vein strongly retreating at base ;
first posterior cell not narrowed at the end, 2nd and 3rd of the same
breadth at the end, the vein between them long and almost straight ;
3rd shorter than the 4th at the base. Discal cross-vein set much
before the middle of the discoidal cell, which is narrow, long and
acute outwardly, its terminal vein being oblique ; the basal angle of
the vein dividiug it from the 3rd posterior cell is provided with a
stump projecting into the discoidal cell. Anal cell very broadly open
at end ; alula hyaline, with a short white fringe ; axillary lobe short,
but not very broad.

HYPEEALONIA, Kondani (1863).

For a long time it was believed that in South Africa there were no
representative of this genus, as pointed out in 1886 by Osten Sackeu,
who, however, has overlooked the fact that Exopr. nigripennis Loew,
from Mozambique, belongs to the present genus. In 1901 Miss G.
Ricardo referred to this genus Anthrax riifa, of Wiedemaun, a species,
however, which, from the description, is more probably a Lomatia. The
genus is certainly poorly represented in the South African fauna, and
in the collection there are only 2 examples belonging to 2 species, both
belonging to the group of H. niijrqtenniSj&s shown in the following
table :

1 (4). Head black; basal joints of the antennae black and black-haired;
wings equally infuscate, with not distinctly infiiscated cross-veins
and with the discoidal cell acute at base.

164 Annals of the South African Museum.

2 (3). Antennal style about as long as the third antennal joint ; hairs on

the sides of the thorax and abdomen of a golden yellow colour ;
femora black, clothed with dense yellow scales. nigripennis, Loew.

3 (2). Antennal style very short, rudimentary ; hairs of the sides of thorax

and abdomen bright red ; femora red like the tibiae.

coleoptrata, sp. nov.

4 (1). Head red ; basal joints of antennae red and with reddish hairs below ;

wings dark-brownish, with distinctly infuscated cross-veins, and with
the discoidal cell truncate at base . . . vittata, Eic.

HYPERALONIA COLEOPTRATA, sp. nov., .

A middle-sized species with wholly black wings, closely allied to
nigripennis, but distinguishable by the different antennae and by the
bright red hairs on the sides of body.

Type $ , a single specimen from Stella Bay, Natal, January, 1915
(H. W. Bell-Marley). The present species cannot be considered as
identical with A. rufa, Wiedemann, because this author states that the
wing venation and the antennae are as in Lomatiabelsebut, and because
the species is not placed in the ' Erste Horde,' pi. iii, fig. 1, which
contains the Hvperaloniae, a subfamily very well interpreted by this
early writer. Length of body 11 mm. ; of wing 11 mm. Head black,
dark reddish-brown in the lower part ; occiput with yellowish central
fringe, with narrow and simple postvertical furrow and with yellowish
tomentose postocular stripe ; eyes with a broad but not deep in-
dentation and with a long bisecting line ; frons at vertex a little more
than three times as broad as the short, rounded, reddish ocellar
tubercle, and having short and dense erect, black hairs and reddish-
yellow scales in front. Face distinctly conical but not much produced,
with reddish scales, black short hairs in the centre at the upper mouth-
edge and reddish hairs on the sides underneath. Antennae short, the
first joint black with deep, black, short hairs ; the second globular,
red, black-haired ; the third black, shortly conical, as long as the two
first joints taken together, with a very short and stout terminal style ;
proboscis black, thick, shorter than the mouth ; palpi yellow, pale-
haired. Thorax elongate, rather narrow, entirely black, clothed on the
upper side with dense black hairs and black scales, but with reddish
hairs in front of the scutellum ; collar and notopleural tuft entirely
bright red ; supra-alar stripe reddish ; macrochaetae strong and long,
black ; pleurae grey-dusted, with scattered black hairs and reddish
tomentum on the steruopleura ; metapleural tuft bright red. Scutelluin
dark red, with a black, black-scaled base, clothed with reddish dust
and bearing black bristles behind. Squamae reddish brown, with
reddish yellow fringe; plumula reddish, halteres yellowish, with

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 165

whitish knob. Abdomen elongate-conical, not broader than the
thorax, obtuse behind, black, with a red stripe on each side from
the 2nd segment to the end, the 7th segment being red with a
black basal median spot ; on the back it is clothed with black
scales, with reddish scales on the base of the 2nd and on the whole of
the 6th and 7th segments, but on the red stripes the scales are also
i-ed; hairs of the sides long and red on the 1st and 2nd segments,
shorter and with intermingled black hairs on the remainder. Male
genitalia red and reddish-haired ; venter entirely red, with reddish
hairs and reddish dust. Legs red, with reddish scales and black
spines ; coxae, end of the front tibiae and all the tarsi, except at the
base, blackish ; front pair abbreviated, with smooth tibiae and with
the tarsi rather bare above ; front coxae with reddish hairs ; middle
femora with 2-3, hind femora with a complete row of bristles ; claws
black, with an indistinct basal tooth. Wings short and rather bi'oad,
entirely and equally infuscate from the base to the end, and with a
vivid metallic sheen ; the hook and the small comb are of a deep black
colour ; praediscoidal spot almost indistinct. Veins black ; the loop
of the 2nd longitudinal vein is simple but deep ; subniarginal cross-
vein very short, straight, perpendicular ; the cell, characteristic of the
genus Hypemlonia, is twice as long as broad ; the first posterior cell is
not much narrowed at end, the 2nd is narrower than the 3rd at the
end, the vein between them being S-shaped and bent forwards at the
end ; third obtuse at the base, but only a little shorter than the 4th.
Discoidal cell narrow, irregular, acute at both ends, its terminal vein
horizontal, V-shaped, as long as the equally V-shaped preceding vein ;
discal cross-vein set in the centre of the discoidal cell, the upper vein
after it, strongly curved outwardly ; anal cell narrowly open ; axillary
lobe rather narrow ; alula black, with dark fringe.

HYPERALONIA VITTATA, Eicardo (1901).

A mainly reddish species, very distinct on account of its reddish
brown and dai'k spotted wings, which ai*e beyond the discoidal cell
sti-ongly truncate at the base.

Originally described from Nyassaland and widely spread over East
Africa, there is a single male specimen from Salisbury (S. Rhodesia)
June, 1913. This example has all the general characters of this species,
but differs in two points : (1) There is a black spot on the occiput,
surrounding the postvertical furrow ; (2) the 2nd posterior cell of the
wings is rather constricted at end. Owing to these two characters the
specimen makes a passage to the form which I have described from
East Africa under the name of H. paris.

166 Annals of the South African Museum.

ADDITIONS.
I.

The following South African species of Bombycidse are from the
South- West Protectorate (Damaraland), the dipterous fauna of which
is as yet very little known.

SYSTOECHUS, Loew.
SYSTOECHUS CTENOPTERUS, Mikn.

A female specimen from S.W. Protectorate, Grootfontein, January,
1920 (R. W. E. Tucker).

EURYCARENUS, Loew.
The three South African species may be tabulated as follows :

1(4). First posterior cell with a rather long stalk at end; abdominal
segments destitute of silvery tomentum on hind border.

2 (3). Tarsi and tibiae yellowish, the hind tibiae with silvery scales ; abdomen

with a white longitudinal stripe in the middle; species of large
. _ . . laticeps, Loew.

3 (2). Tarsi and tibiae quite black, those of the hind pair with black scales ;

abdomen without white middle stripe ; species of smaller size

minimus, sp. nov.

4 (1). First posterior cell almost sessile at end ; abdomen with narrow bands

of silvery toment at hind border of segments, and clothed moreover
with a white pubescence sessilis, Bez.

EURYCARENUS MINIMUS, sp. nov.

A species of smaller size like sessilis, but with the first posterior cell
stalked as in laticeps, and differing from both in the abdominal pattern.

Type c? and an additional specimen of the same sex from S.W.
Protectorate, Tsumeb, December, 1919 (R. W. E. Tucker).

(J. Length of the body 7-8 mm.; of the wing 6'5-7'5 mm.
Head as in laticeps, but the eyes of male approaching only at a point,
without being in contact ; frons and face with long, erect black hairs
on the middle with soft golden-yellow hairs beneath them, and on the
sides with long silvery hairs ; palpi black with reddish base ; proboscis
entirely black, 3-3'5 mm. long. Antennae entirely black ; third joint
linear,' twice as long as the two first joints together. Thorax and
scutelluni entirely black ; on the back they are clothed with a golden-
yellow soft pubescence, while on the pleurae the pubescence is white ;
dorsal macrochaetae black, those of the pleurae white; halteres
whitish, the knob infuscated at base ; squamulae dirty whitish, with
a dark border and with whitish fringe. Abdomen entirely black,
with complete rows of strong, erect, black bristles at the hind border

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 167

of the segments ; it is clothed with black and yellowish hairs, the
segments 3-6 being covered by an appressed yellowish tomentum in
the shape of broad transverse bands ; of these bands that of the third
segment is interrupted in the middle, while those of the following
segments are interrupted at the sides, thus forming a peculiar pattern;
the fourth to fifth segments are clothed with long, erect, black hairs on
the black portions. Venter with white hairs and with white pubescence ;
genitalia with reddish-brown lamellae. Legs entirely black, even the
tibiae and tarsi ; the four anterior femora and tibiae are clothed with
white scales, while the hind tibiae are black-scaled. Wings hyaline,
with the same venation as in laticeps ; the veins are blackish on the
apical and yellowish on the basal half.

HYPEEUSIA, Bez.
HYPERUSIA SOROR, sp. nov.

Closely allied to Hyp. minor from Zululand, but smaller and distinct
by the closed anal cell, by the third autennal joint being eutii-ely
reddish to the end, and by the darker legs.

Type 9 , a single specimen from S.W. Protectorate, Otjituo, January,
1920 (E. W. E. Tucker).

9 . Length of the body 3 - 2 mm. ; of the wing 3 mm. Face quite
black ; third anteuual joint clavate and entirely reddish-yellow, without
a black end ; proboscis a little less than 1 mm. in length. Thorax
clothed on the back with whitish hairs, and destitute of golden-yellow
toruentuni. Abdomen as in minor, the golden tomentum being present
even if scattered. Legs with darker tibiae, those of the hind pair being
even blackish. Wings the same as in minor, but the anal cell is closed
and briefly stalked like in the type-species of the genus.

GEEON, Meig.
GERON HYBRIDUS, Meig.

A female specimen from S.W. Protectorate, Otjituo, January, 1920
(R. W. E. Tucker).

TOXOPHOEA, Meig.
TOXOPHORA EPARGYRA, Hermann.

Zeitschr. fiir System. Hymenopt. and Dipterol., 1907, p. 201.

A male specimen from S.W. Protectorate, Otjituo, January, 1920
(E. W. E. Tucker).

Eeferred to the present species, lately described from the female sex,
from Smyrna, Asia Minor, and not yet known from Africa. It differs

168 Annals of the South African Museum.

from all the other species in having the wiugs unspotted as in maculata,
with the cross-vein between the discoidal and the second posterior cell
not only angularly bent, but provided with a strong stump of vein
directed outwardly into the second posterior cell. Such a character is
known only for the North American species ampliites, Walk. I assume
therefore the present species to be the same as the Syrian one,
notwithstanding the very different habitat.

Eyes touching in a line a little shorter than three times the small
ocellar tubercle. The base of the antennae and the sides of the
frontal triangle are pi-ovided with long white tufts ; first antennal
joint rather thin, with white scales on the outer side and below.
Abdomen clothed on the back with white scales, but with the four
rows of black spots not distinct. Legs black and white-scaled. Wings
greyish-hyaline, slightly yellowish along the costal cell, on the base of
the marginal and submarginal, and on the whole of the first basal cell.

PETROROSS1A.

PETROROSSIA HESPERUS TROPICALIS, subsp. n.

A female specimen from S.W. Protectorate, Otjituo, January, 1920
(R. W. E. Tucker).

The present subspecies is distinguished from the typical species by
the white-haired face and first antennal joint, by the complete red
stripe at the sides of the abdomen, by the mostly yellow femora, and
by the upper branch of the cubital fork devoid of appendage.

Described originally from specimens from Nyassaland and other
Central African localities.

ANTHRAX, Scop.
ANTHRAX FUSCIPENNIS, Ric.

A male specimen from S.W. Protectorate, Otjituo, January, 1920
(R. W. E. Tucker).

SPONGOSTYLUM, Macq.
SPONGOSTYLUM INCISURATA, Macq.

A female specimen from S.W. Protectorate, Windhoek, December,
1919 (R. W. E. Tucker).

THYRIDANTHRAX, Ost. Sack.
THYRIDANTHRAX LUGBNS, Loew.

Some specimens from S.W. Protectorate, Grootfontein, January,
1920, and from Otjivarongo, February, 1920 (R. W. E. Tucker).

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera.} 169

THYRIDANTHRAX TRANSIENS, Bezzi.

One specimen from S.W. Protectorate, Otjituo, January, 1920
(E. W. E. Tucker).

EXOPEOSOPA, Macq.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) FASTIDIOSA, Sp. 11.

Near seniculus, but distinct by tlie middle dark baud of the wings
being extended, through the apical half of the discoidal cell, to the
hind border of the wing, or nearly so. The type is from the Nyasaland
Protectorate ; the abdomen shows transverse bauds of white scales
alone, while in the present specimen the fourth and fifth segments
have yellowish bands like the second. Antennae entirely black.

One female specimen from S.W. Protectorate, Grootfonteiu, January,
1920 (E. W. E. Tucker).

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) HYPARGYRA, sp. nov.

Closely allied to seniculus and fastidiosa, but distinct from all the
known species of their group on account of the broad patch of silvery
scales on the sternapleura.

Type 9 , a single specimen from S.W. Protectorate, Tsumeb,
December, 1919 (E. W. E. Tucker).

9 . Length of the body 12 mm. ; of the wing 12 mm. Head as in
seniculus, with not projecting proboscis ; antennae entirely black, with
the third joint elongate-conical as in fastidiosa. Thorax as in seniculus,
but the sternopleurae are completely clothed with silvery scales, thus
forming a broad triangular white spot, which is wanting in the allied
species. Abdomen and legs as in seniculus ; spines of the ovipositor
black. Wings with the same nervation, but the small cell being very
narrow at end and nearly closed (in seniculus and fastidiosa it is
broadly open) . The pattern is like that of seniculus, but the dark band
of the fore border is shorter, ending into the marginal cell a little
before the upper end of the marginal cross-vein (in the two other
species it ends on or a little beyond the cross-vein) ; the middle cross-
band is broad and long, crossing the discoidal cell on its apical third
(but leaving its extreme external apex hyaline), filling up the whole base
of the second posterior cell and entering into the upper part of the
third posterior cell.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) TUCKERI, sp. nov.

A species of the dimidiata-group and to be placed near it, distinct
by the metapleural tuft being reddish yellow above and black below ;
by the apical cross-vein of the discoidal cell being short, straight, and
placed obliquely ; by the discoidal cell dilated at end at the upper

170 Annals of the South African Museum.

border alone. It is near argyrophora , Bezzi, from Nyassaland, but is
distinct, the last abdominal segments being clothed with white scales.

Type <$ , a single specimen from S. W. Protectorate, Otjituo, January,
1920, collected by (E. W. E. Tucker), in whose honour it is named.

<^ . Length of body 11 mm.; of wing 11 mm. Head deep black and
black haired, with scattered yellowish scales on the frous ; face conically
produced ; proboscis not at all projecting ; antennae quite black, with
the third joint briefly conical, as long as the two first joints together ;
style thin, as long as the third autenual joint. Thorax and scutellum
entirely black, with black hairs and black bristles ; on the back there
are scattered yellowish hairs, which form a complete broad stripe on
each side above the uotopleural line ; collar yellowish, pleurae black
haired, with a yellowish uotopleural tuft ; metapleural tuft yellowish
above and black below ; squamulae dark yellowish, with white fringe ;
halteres with yellow knob and dark stalk. Abdomen entirely black ;
first and second segment with dense white hairs on the sides, the rest
of the sides with black hairs alone ; on the back it is clothed with black
and yellowish scales, the second and third segment and the sides of
the sixth and seventh being clothed with silvery scales ; venter black,
black scaled and black haired. Legs quite black and black-scaled.
Wings with black veins : terminal loop of second longitudinal vein
double ; first posterior cell not narrowed at end, about a half as broad as
the second, which is as broadly open as the third ; discoidal cell at end
twice as broad as at base, its terminal cross-vein being short and
straight ; anal cell narrowed at end. The wings are typically dimidiate,
black and hyaline ; the limit between the two portions goes a little
toothed from the end of the first longitudinal vein, over the base of
the first submarginal and first posterior cells, across the basal third of
the discoidal cell, over the base of the fourth posterior cell, over the
two basal thirds of the anal cell to the basal half of the axillary lobe ;
praediscoidal spot broad and whitish.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) PUNCTULATA, Macq.
A female from S.W. Protectorate, Tsumeb, December, 1919
(E. W. E. Tucker).

EXOPROSOPA (ExopROSOFA) sTANNusi, Bezzi.
A female specimen from S.W. Protectorate, Otjivarouga, 1920.

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) LUTEICOSTA, Bezzi.
A female specimen from S .W. Protectorate, Tsumeb, December, 1919
(E. W. E. Tucker).

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera.) 171

EXOPROSOPA (EXOPROSOPA) CERVINA, sp. nov.

Closely allied to luteicosta and perhaps only a variety of it, but
distinct by the smaller size and by the more lightly coloured body,
chiefly on the abdomen, which is clothed with whitish and yellowish
scales and devoid of tufts of black hairs at the sides.

Type $ , an additional female specimen and a male specimen without
a head, from S.W. Protectorate, Otjivarongo, Otjituo and Tsumeb,
December, 1919, to January, 1920 (E. W. E. Tucker).

g ? . Length of body 11-1T5 mm. ; of wing 12-12-5 mm. Head
black, reddish on the sides of face below and peristome, with yellowish
scales and clothed with erect black hairs on the frons ; antennae entirely
black, with the third joint elongate, longer than the two first joints
together, with a very short and thick terminal style ; face conically
produced ; proboscis very little projecting. Thorax black, with
vellowish hairs and yellowish scales, without black hairs even on the
pleurae; only the bristles are black. Scutelluni reddish, with black
base, clothed like the thorax. Halteres dark yellowish ; squamulae
whitish, with white fringe. Abdomen of oval shape, entirely black ; it
is clothed above, with scales, without black hairs ; all the hairs of the
sides are yellowish ; the scales are yellowish, being white only at base
of the second segment, where they form a complete band, and on the
sides of the third and of the two terminal segments. Venter black,
with a reddish hind border on each segment, with white scales and
white hairs ; spines of the ovipositor reddish. Legs black, but with
yellowish scales ; the front tibiae are smooth and reddish ; hind claws
with a long and acute tooth. Wings hyaline, with the venation like
that of luteicosta ; veins yellowish, black on the apical half ; the pattern
is very reduced, consisting only in a faint yellowish tinge of the costal
and subcostal cells, and in a faintly infuscated patch on the middle of
the fore half. Over the base of the second longitudinal vein, the discal
cross-vein and the end of the first basal cell, besides the lower apical
cross-vein of the second basal cell between this and the fourth
posterior cell, and the upper corner of the cross-vein between the third
posterior and discoidal cell, are faintly margined with fuscous ; but in
the male specimen there is no trace of this infuscation.

II.

SYSTROPUS, Macq.
SYSTROPUS SANGTJINEUS, Bez.

Two examples bred from the pupa of an unidentified Notodont moth.
Caledon. Cape (K. H. Barnard).

172

Annals of the South African Museum.

OESTR ANTHRAX, Bez.
OESTRANTHRAX OBESUS, Loew.

An example from Durban, Natal, March 10th, 1919 (H. W. Bell-
Marley) lacks the appendix projecting into the discoidal cell, but is
typical in other respects.

The following note is appended to the specimen : " This fly came
out of an old log containing Cossid larvae." Certain species of the
related genus Villa are known to be parasitic upon larvae of nocturnal
Lepidoptera.

THYRIDANTHRAX, O. Sack.
THYRIDANTHRAX VIDUATUS, Loew.

Dipteren-Fauna Siid-afrikas, p. 221, pi. ii, fig. 22.

Montagu, Cape, November, 1919 (R. M. Lightfoot).

Distinct from T. lug ens and T. transiens in the long discoidal cell,
in the first posterior cell distinctly narrowed at end, and in the
lighter pattern of the base of the wing.

SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA AND

SPECIES.

BOMBYLIINAE.

BOMBYLIUS, L.

lateralis, Fab.
bombiformis, Bez.
haeinorrhoidalis, Bez.
acroleucus, Bez.
mutilatus, Bez.
kilimandjaricus, Speis.
furiosus, Walk,
ornatus, Wied.
rufiventris, Macq.
mollis, Bez.
disjunctus, Bez.
eurhinatvis, Bez.
brachyrrhynclius, Bez.
globulus, Bez.
impurus, Loew.
mundus, Loew.
sessilis, Bez.
xanthocerus, Bez.
marginellus, Bez.
paterculus, Walk,
ruficeps, Macq.

purpureus, Bez.
micans, Fabr.
hypoleucus, Wied.
hirtus, Loew.
servillei, Macq.
capensis, L.
nieu-aspilus, Bez.
braunsi, Bez.
punctatelhis, Bez.
punctifer, Bez.
pentaspilus, Bez.
obesus, Bez.
spinibarbus. Bez.
angiilosus, Bez.
nigripecten, Bez.
peringueyi, Bez.
urgentifei*, Walk,
molitor, Wied.
hirticeps, Bez.

SYSTOECHUS, Loew.
scabrirostris, Bez.
ventricosus, Bez.
simplex, Loew.

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera.} 173

tumidifrons, Bez.
albidus, Loew.
nigripes, Loew.
mixtus, Wied.
stenopterus, Mik.
spiuithorax, Bez.
fuliginexis, Loew.

ANASTOECHUS, O. Sack,
rubricosus, Wied.
varipecten, Bez.
cervinus, Loew.
erinacexis, Bez.
macrophthalmus, Bez.
innocuus, Bez.
leucosoma, Bez.

EURYCARENUS, LoCAV.

laticeps, Loew.
sessilis, Bez.
minimus, Bez.

DISCHISTUS, Loew.

capito, Loew.

phimipalpis, Bez.

rubicundus, Bez.

niveus, Macq.

ovatus, Bez.

seriatus, Wied.

vittipes, Bez.

variegatus, Macq.

tripunctatus, Macq.

coracinus, Loew.

pectoralis, Loew.
SESTOMYIA, Bez.

carnata, Bez.

CYTHEREINAE.
ONIROSIYA, Bez.
pachycerata, Big.

USIINAE.

CORSOMYZA, Wied.
simplex, Wied.
pennipes, Wied.
nigripes, Wied.
hirtipes, Macq.
clavicornis, Wied.
anceps, Bez.
bicolor, Bez.
ruficornis, Bez.

CALLYNTHROPHORA, Sch.

marginifrons, Bez.
GNUMYA, Bez.

brevirostris, Bez.

HYPERUSIA, Bez.
minor, Bez.
soror, Bez.

MEGAPJLPUS, Macq.
nitidus, Macq.
fnlviceps, Bez.

PHTHIEIINAE.

GONARTHRUS, Bez.

leucophys, Big.
xanthinus, Bez.
cygnus, Big.
chioneus, Bez.
cylindricus, Bez.

CROCIDIUM, Loew.
poecilopterum, Loew.
nigrifacies, Bez.

PSEUDEMPIS, Bez.
heteroptera, Wied.

PHTHIRIA, Meig.
laeta, Bez.
lanigera, Bez.
pubescens, Bez.

GERON, Meig.
hybridus, Meig.
barbatus, Bez.
luctuosus, Bez.
leptocerus, Bez.
dichromus, Big.

APOLYSIS, Loew.
humilis, Loew.

SYSTEOPI^STAE.
SYSTROPUS, Wied.
leptogaster, Loew.
sanguineus, Bez.
snowi, Ad.

TOXOPHORINAE.
TOXOPHORA, Meig.
maculata, Eoss.
punctipennis, Bez.
epargyra, Herm.
diploptera, Speis.
caeruleiventris, Karsch.

174

Anncds of tlie South African Museum.

CYLLENIINAE.
NOMALONIA, Eond.

afra, Macq.
HENICA, Macq.

longirostris. Wiecl.
PERINGUEYIMYIA, Big.

capensis, Big.

LOMATIINAE.

LOMATIA, Meig.
acntangula, Loew.
longitudinalis, Loew.
liturata, Loew.
pictipennis, "VVied.
simplex, Wied.
infuscata, Bez.
conocephala, Macq.
pulchriceps, Loew.
latiuscula, Loew.
tenera, Loew.

PTBBAULAX, Bez.
flexicornis, Be/.

PETROROSSIA, Bez.
hesperus, Eoss.
vinula, Bez.
fulvipes, Loew.
tropicalis, Bez.

ANTHEACINAE.

ANTHRAX, Scop.

pithecius, Fabr.

hessii, Wied.

diffusus, Wied.

aygulus, Fabr.

trimaculatus, Wulp.

pusillus, Wied.

hemimelas, Speis.

fuscipennis, Eic.
SPONGOSTYLUM, Macq.

muticuui, Bez.

incisurale, Macq.

punctipenne, Wied.

EXOPEOSOPINAE.

VILLA Lioy.
flavipes, Loew.
albescens, Loew.
sexfasciata, Wied.

vitripennis, Loew.
argentina, Bez.
lasia, Wied.
leucochila, Bez.

OESTRANTHRAX, Bez.
obesus, Loew.

SYNTHESIA, Bez.
fucoides, Bez.

THYRID ANTHRAX, O. Sack,
flammiger, W r alk.
leucoproctus, Loew.
linea, Loew.
abruptus, Loew.
transiens, Bez.
lugens, Loew.
calochroinatus, Bez.
ternarius, Bez.
laetus, Loew.
viduatus, Loew.

LITORRHYNCHUS, Macq.
maurus, Thunb.
tollini, Loew.
argyrolepis, Bez.

EXOPROSOPA (METAPENTA).
pentala, Macq.
corvina, Loew.

(ACRODISCA).

fimbriatella, Bez.
oifuscata, Bez.
personata, Bez.
angulata, Loew.

(DEFJLIPPIA).
neurospila, Bez.
venosa, Wied.
nigrovenosa, Bez.
mactilosa, Wied.
maculifera, Bez.
strenua, Loew.
hirtipes, Loew.

(PTEROBATES).
apicalis, Wied.

(EXOPROSOPA).
formosula, Bez.
nemesis, Fabr.
morosa, Loew.
ignava, Loew.

On the Bombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera.}

175

seniculus, Wied.
elongata, Eic.
argentifrons, Macq.
capensis, Wied.
infumata, Bez.
eluta, Loew.
heros, Wied.
dux, Wied.
sigmoidea, Bez.
dimidiata, Macq.
dilatata, Bez.
punctulata, Macq.
perpulchra, Bez.
parvula, Bez.

stannusi, Bez.
iuaequalipes, Loew.
batrachoides, Bez.
balioptera, Loew.
pediformis, Bez.
luteicosta, Bez.
parvicellula, Bez.
fastidiosa, Bez.
hypargyra, Bez.
txickeri, Bez.
cervina, Bez.

HTPERALONIA, Eond.
coleoptrata, Bez.
vittata, Eic.

176

INDEX.

PAGE

A.

abrupt\is (Thyridanthrax), Loew

133, 134

Acrodisca, Loew 139

acroleucus (Bombylius), Bez. . 8, 9
acutangula (Lomatia), Loew. 112, 113
ADELIDEA ..... 3
afra (Nomalonia), Macq. . . 107
albescens (Villa), Loew. . 126, 127
albidus (Systoeclms), LOBAV. 37, 42
analis (Bombylius), Fabr. . . 8
Anastoechus, Osten-Sacken . 3, 46
anceps (Corsomyza), Bez. . 74, 78
angulata (Exoprosopa), Loew. . 144
angulosus (Bombylius), Bez. 23, 31
ANTHRACINAE .... 121
Anthrax, Scopoli . . 5, 121

Apatoinyra 4

apicalis (Pterobates), Wied. . 149
Apolysis, Loew. ... 4, 102
argentatus (Bombylius), Fabr. . 7
argentifer (Bombylius), Walk. 23, 34

argeutifrons (Exoprosopa), Macq.

150, 154

argentina (Villa), Bez. . 127, 128
argyrolepis (Litorrhynchus),

Bez. . . 137, 138

ater (Bombylius) ... 6
aygulus (Anthrax), Fabr. . 122, 123

B.

balioptera (Exoprosopa), Loew.

151, 160

barbatus (Geron), Bez. . . 99
batrachoides (Exoprosopa), Bez.

151, 100

bicolor (Corsomyza), Bez. . 74, 78
bivittatus (Bombylius), Loew. . 7
bombiformis (Bombylius), Bez. . 9

BOMBYLIIDAE .... 6

BOMBYLIINAE 6

PAGB

3,6

Bombylius, Linne . . .
brachyrrhynchus (Bombylius),

Bez. ... . 14, 16

braunsi (Bombylius), Bez. . 23, 26
brevirostris (Gnumya), Bez. . 83
Busiris (Exoprosopa), Jaenn. . 161

C.
caeruleiventris (Toxophora),

Karsch. . . 105, 106

Callynthrophora, Sch. . . 4, 80

Calochromatus (Thyridanthrax) ,

Bez. ... . 133, 135

capensis (Bombylius), Linne 22, 26
capensis (Exoprosopa), Wied. 150, 15t
capensis (Peringueyimyia), Big. 110
capito (Dischistus), Loew. . . 57
carnata (Sosiomyia), Bez. . . 69
ceri (Anastoechus), Loew . . 46
cervina (Exoprosopa), Bez. . 171
cervinus (Anastoechus), Loew. . 50
chioneus (Gonarthrus), Bez. 89, 91
clavatus (Systropus) . . . 103
clavicornis (Corsomyza), Wied. 74, 77
coleoptrata (Hyperalonia), Bez.. 164
conocephala (Lomatia), Macq. 112, 115
coracinus (Dischistus), Loew. . 66
Corsomyza, Wied. . . . 4, 73
corvina (Exoprosopa), Loew. . 139
Crocidium, Loew. . . . 4, 92
cruclelis (Systropus) . . . 103
ctenopterus (Systoechus), Mik.

37, 44, 166

cygnus (Gonarthrus), Big. 89, 90

cylindricus (Gonarthrus), Bez. . 92
Cyllenia ..... 5
CTLLENIINAE .... 106
CYTHEREINAE .... 71

D.

Defilippia, Loew. . .

delicatus (Bombylius), Wied.

138

On the Boinbylild Fauna of South Africa (Diptera).

177

PAGK

dichromus (Geron), Big. . 99, 100
diftusus (Anthrax), Wied. . 122, 123
dilatata (Exoprosopa), Bez. 150, 157
diniidiata (Exoprosopa), Macq.

150, 157

diploptera (Toxophora), Speis 105, 106
Dischistus, Loew. . . 3, 56

disjuuctns (Borubylius), Bez. . 15
dux (Exoprosopa), Wied. . 150, 156

E.

elongata (Exoprosopa), Ric. 150, 154
eluta (Exoprosopa), Loew. . 150, 156
epargyra (Toxophora), Herm. . 167
erinaceus (Anastoechus), Bez. 47, 50
erythrocerus (Boinbylius), Bez. . 13
eurhinatus (Bombylius), Bez. 14, 16
Eurycarenus, Loew. . . . 3, 55
Exoprosopa, Macq. . . 6, 138
EXOPROSOPINAE . . 5, 126

F.

fiinbriatella (Acrodisca), Bez. 139, 140
iiammiger (Thyridanthrax),Walk. 133
flavipes (Villa), Loew. . 126, 127
flexicornis (Pteraulax), Bez. . 118
formosula (Exoprosopa), Bez. . 151
fucatus (Boinbylius), Bez. . . 14
fucoides (Synthesia), Bez. . . 131
t'ulviceps (Megapalpus), Bez. . 87
fulvipes (Petrorossia), Loew. 120, 121
fuligineus (Systoechus), Loew. . 45
fulvonotatus (Bombylius), Wied. 8
furiosus (Bombylius), Walk. . 8, 12
t'uscipennis (Anthrax), Eic. 122, 124

G.

Geron, Meig 4, 98

globulus (Boinbylius), Bez. 14, 17

Gnumya, Bez 4, 82

Gonarthrus, Bez. . . .4, 88

H.

haeiuorrhoidalis ( B o m b y 1 i u s) ,

Bez 9

heminielas (A'nthrax), Speis 122, 124

Henica, Macq 109

heros (Exoprosopa), Wied. 150, 156
hesperus (Petrorossia), Kossi . 120
hessii (Anthrax), Wied. . 122, 123

heteroptera (Pseudempis),Wied. 95-
hirticeps (Boinbylius), Bez. . 35
hirtipes (Corsomyza), Macq. 74, 76
hirtipes (Defilippia), Loew. 145, 149
hirtus (Boinbylius), Loew. 22, 25

humilis (Apolysis), Bond. . . 102
hybridus (Geron), Meig. . 99, 167
hypargira (Exoprosopa), Bez. . 169
Hyperalonia, Bond. . . 6, 163

Hyperusia, Bez 4, 84

hypoleucus (Boinbylius), Wied. 22, 25

I.

ignava (Exoprosopa), Loew. 150, 154
impurus (Bombylius), Loew. 14, 18
inaequalipes (Exoprosopa), Loew.

151, 160
incisurale (Spongosty him), Macq.

124, 125-

infumata (Exoprosopa), Bez. . 155
infuscata (Lomatia), Bez. . 112, 114
innocuns (Anastoechus), Bez. 47, 52
impurus (Bombylius), Loew. 14, 18

K.

kiliinand j ar icus ( B o in b y 1 i u s ) ,
Speis 8,11

L.

laeta (Phthiria), Bez. ... 96
laetus (Thyriclanthrax), Loew. . 137
lanigera (Phthyria), Bez. . 96, 97
lasia (Villa), Wied. . . 127, 129
lateralis (Bombylius), Fabr. . 7, 8
laticeps (Eurycarenus), Loew. 55, 166
latiuscula (Lomatia), Loew. 112, 116
leptocerus (Geron), Bez. . 99, 100
leptogaster (Systropus), Loew. . 103
leucochila (Villa), Bez. . . 129
leucophys (Gonarthrus), Big. . 89
leucoproctus (Thyridanthrax),

Loew 133

leucosoma (Anastoechus), Bez. 47, 54
linea (Thyridanthrax), Loew. 133, 134
Litorrhynchus, Macq. . .137
liturata (Lomatia), Loew. . 112, 113
Lomatia, Meig Ill

LOMATIINAE . . . 5, 111

longirostris (Henica), Wied. . 109

178

Annals of the South African Museum.

PAGE

longitudinalis (Lomatia), Loew

112, 113

luctuosus (Geron), Bez. . . 99
lugens (Thyridanthrax), Loew. . 133
luteicosta (Exoprosopa), Bez. 151, 161
Lythorhynchus, Macq. . . 6

M.

macilentus (Systropus) . . 103
macrophthalmus ( Anastoechus),

Bez 47, 52

maculata (Toxophora), Bez. . 105
maculifera (Defilippia), Bez. 145, 147
maculosa (Defilippia), Wied. 145, 147
marginellus (Bombylius), Bez. 14, 20
marginifrons (Callynthrophora),

Bez SO

marshalli (Systropus), Wied. . 103
maurus (Litorrhynchus), Thunb. 137
Megapalpus, Macq. . . . 4, 85
megaspihis (Bombylius), Bez. 22, 26

Metapenta, Bez 139

micans (Bombylius), Fabr. 7, 22, 25
minimus (Eurycarenus), Bez. . 166
minor (Bombylius) ... 7
minor (Hyperusia), Bez. . . 84
inixtus (Systoechus), Wied. 37, 43
molitor (Bombylius), Wied. 23, 34
mollis (Bombylius), Bez. . 13, 15
morosa (Exoprosopa), Loew. 150, 153
mundxis (Bombylius), Loew. 14, 18
muticum (Spongostylum), Bez.

124, 125
mutilatus (Bombylius), Bez. . 8, 10

N.

neithrocris (Bombylius), Jaenn. 13
nemesis (Exoprosopa), Fabr. 149, 153
neurospila (Defilippia), Bez. 144, 145
nigrifacies (Crocidium), Bez. . 93
nigripecten (Bombylius), Bez. 23, 32
nigripes (Corsomyza), Wied. 73, 75
iiigripes (Systoechus), Loew. 37, 43
nigrovenosa (Defilippia), Bez. 144, 146
nigripennis (Hyperalonia),Loew. 164
nitidus (Megapalpus), Macq. . 86
niveus (Dischistus), Macq. 57, 61

Nomalonia, Eond. . . 5, 106

PAGE

O.

obesus (Bombylius), Bez. . 23, 29

obesus (Oestranthrax), Bez. . 172

offuscata (Exopi-osopa), Bez. . 141

Oestranthrax, Bez. . . 5, 130

Oniromyia, Bez 3, 71

ornatus (Bombylius), Wied. . 12

ovatus (Dischistxis), Bez. . 57,62

P.

pachycerata (Oniromyia) Big. . 72
parvicellula (Exoprosopa), Bez.

151, 162

parva (Exoprosopa), Bez. . . 159
parvula (Exoprosopa), Bez. . 151
paterculus (Bombylius), Walk. 14, 20
pectoralis (Dischistus), Loew. . 67
pediformis (Exoprosopa), Loew. 160
pennipes (Corsomyza), Wied. 73, 75
pentala (Exoprosopa) Macq. . 138
pentaspilus (Bombylius), Bez. 23, 29
peringueyi (Bombylius), Bez. 23, 33
Peringueyimyia, Big. . . 5, 109
perpulchra (Exoprosopa), Bez. . 159
personata (Acrodisca), Bez. 140, 143
personata (Exoprosopa), Bez. . 143
Petrorossia (Bombylius), Bez. 5, 119

Phthiria 4, 96

PHTHIBIINAE .... 88
pictipennis (Lomatia), Wied. 112, 113
pithecius (Anthrax), Fabr. . 122
plumipalpis (Dischistus), Bez. 57, 58
poecilopterum ( C r o c i d i 11 m ) ,

Loew 93

Pseudempis, Bez. ... 94
Pseudomictus .... 4
Pteraulax, Bez. . . . 5,117

Pterobates, Bez 149

pvibescens (Phthiria), Bez. 96, 98

pulchriceps (Lomatia), Loew. . 116
punctatellus (Bombylius) . 23,26
punctulata (Exoprosopa), Macq.

150, 159

punetifer (Bombylius), Bez. 23, 28
punctipenue (Spongostylum),

Wied. . . . 125, 126

punctipenuis (Toxophora), Bez. . 105
purpureus (Bombylius), Bez. 22, 23
pusillus (Anthrax), Wied. . 122, 123

On the Sombyliid Fauna of South Africa (Diptera). 179

PAG I!

E.

rubicundus (Dischistus), Bez. 57, 60
rubricosus (Anastoechus), Wied. 46
ruficeps (Bombylius), Macq. 14, 21
ruficornis (Corsomyza), Bez. 74, 79
rufiventris (Bombylius), Macq. . 12

S.

sanguineus (Systropus), Bez. 103, 171
scabrirostris (Systoechus), Bez. . 37
senex (Bombylius), Meig. . . 7
seniculus (Exoprosopa), Wied. 150, 154
seriatus (Dischistus), Wied. 57, 63
servillei (Bombylius), Macq. 22, 25
sessilis (Bombylius), Bez. . 14, 19
sessilis (Eurycarenus), Bez. . 55
sexfasciata (Villa), Wied. . 126, 127
sigmoidea (Exoprosopa), Bez. 150, 157
simplex (Corsomyza), Wied. 73, 74
simplex (Lomatia), Wied. . 112, 114
simplex (Systoechus), Loew. 37, 41
snowi (Systropus), Adams . 103, 105
soror (Hyperusia), Bez. . .167
Sosiomyia, Bez. . . . . 3, 67
spinibarbus (Bombylius), Bez. 23, 30
spinithorax (Systoechus), Bez. 37, 44
Spongostylum, Macq. . . 5, 124
stannusi (Exoprosopa), Bez. 151, 159
strenua (Defilippia), Loew. . 145, 148
Synthesia, Bez. . . 5, 6, 130

Systoechus, Loew. . . . 3, 36
STSTROPINAE . . . 102

Systropus, Wied . . 4, 102

T.

tenera (Lomatia i, Loew. . 112, 116

PAGE

ternarius (Thyridanthrax), Bez.

133, 136

Thyridanthrax, O. Sack. . 6, 133
tollini (Litorrhynchus), Loew.

137, 138
Tomomyra, Wied. . 5

TOXOPHORINAE . . 5, 105

Toxophora, Meig. . . 5, 105
transiens (Thyridanthrax), Bez. 134
trimaculatus (Anthrax), v.d.

Wulp. . 123

Triplasius . . . 8

tripunctatus (Dischistus), Macq. 65
tropicalis (Petrorossia), Bez. . 168
tuckeri (Exoprosopa), Bez. . 169
tumidifrons (Sytoechus), Bez. 37, 41

USIINAE

IT.

V.

73

variegatus (Dischistus), Macq. 58, 64
varipecten (Anastoechus), Bez. 46, 48
venosa (Defilippia), Wied. . 144, 146
ventricosus (Systoechus), Bez. 37, 40
viduatus (Thyridanthrax) , Loew. 172
Villa, Lioy . 5, 126

vinula (Petrorossia), Bez. . .120
vitripennis (Villa), Loew. . . 127
vittata (Hyperalonia), Eic. 161, 165
vittipes (Dischistus), Bez. . 58, 63

X.

xanthocerus (Bombylius), Bez. 14, 19
xanthinus (Gonarthrus), Bez. . 89

180 Annals of the South African Museum.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE I.

TIG.

1. Bombylius mutilatus, n. sp. Wing.

2. capensis, Lin. Wing.

3. megaspilus, n. sp. Wing.

4. punctatellns, n. sp. Wing.

5. pentaspilus, n. sp. Wing.

6. peringueyi, n. sp. Whole insect.

7. hirticeps, n. sp. Head.

8. Systoechus scabrirostris , n. sp. Whole insect.

9. Anastoechus rubricosu.i, Wied. Whole insect.

10. jEurycarenus sessilis, n. sp. Wing.

11. Dischistus plumipalpis, n. sp. Whole insect.

12. Sosiomya comata, n. sp. Whole insect and head magnified.

13. Oniromya pachycerata, Big. Whole insect.

14. Corsomyza pennipes, Wied. Whole insect.

15. CallynthropJiora magnifrons, n. sp. Whole insect.

PLATE II.

FIG.

16. Megapalpus nitidus, Macq. Whole insect.

17. Gonarthrus cygnus, Big. Whole insect.

18. Pseudempis heteroptera, Wied. Whole insect.

19. Peringweyimya capensis, Big. Whole insect.

20. Pteraulaxflexicornis, n. sp. Whole insect.

21. Petrorossia vinula, n. sp. Wing.

22. Spongostylum muticum, n. sp. Wing.

23. Thyridanthrax calochromatus, n. sp. Wing.

24. ternariux, Bez. Wing.

25. Litorrhynchus maurus, Thimb. Whole insect.

26. Exoprosopa pentala, Macq. Wing.

27. offuscata, n. sp. Wing.

28. neurospila, n. sp. Wing.

29. nemesis, Fabr. Whole insect.

30. capensis, Wied. Wing.

31. dilatata, n. sp. Wing.

32. Hyperalonia coleoptrata, n. sp. Wing.

Ann. S. AtV Mas. Vol. XVIII.

IMi.tr 1.

AT,< ,,//,;.

Ail I ti I'd 4' '*>'d/( 4 (/ e/ j\V-H,((, Ltd.

Ann S. Air. Mils. Vol. XVIII.

IMat.' II.

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II"<.<C J,',. it-mil ii, I. til.

(181)

2. The Crane-flies of South Africa in the South African Miiseum
(Diptera, Tipulidae). By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Ph.D.

PART II.

(With Plates III and IV.)

SINCE the publication of the first instalment under this title (Ann.
South African Mus., vol. xvii, pt. ii, no. 5, pp. 139-182, Pis. X-XIV,
1917) Dr. Peringuey has continued to send me lots of specimens of
this family of flies for determination. In the present article not only
are some new and insufficiently described species characterised and
figured, but the additional distribution of other species is included in
order to supplement our meagre knowledge of the subject, In order
to conserve space, in this and succeeding parts under this title, the
references to genera and species that have been considered in earlier
parts will not be repeated, but genera and species introduced for the
first time will be given a detailed reference as hitherto. I am deeply
indebted to Dr. Peringuey and to the collectors of this material for
the privilege of studying these interesting lots of crane-flies.

FAMILY TIPULIDAE.
SUB-FAMILY L1MNOBIINAE.

TRIBE LIMNOBIINI.
GEN. DICKANOMYIA, Stephens.

DlCRANOMYIA TIPULIPES, Karsch.

Additional records of distribution for this common and wide-spread
Ethiopian species are as follows :

?, Angra Pequeua, S.W. Protectorate, September, 1917 (Dr.
Knobel).

9 , Pretoria, Transvaal, January 29th, 1915 (H. K. Munro).
cJ 9 , Krantzkop, Natal, November, 1917 (K. H. Barnard).
12

182 Annals of the South African Museum.

DlCRANOMYIA GARDINERI, Edwards.

1912. Dicranomyia gardineri, Edwards, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.,

vol. 15, pt. 2, pp. 197, 198.

The following specimens were included in the collection :
? , Barberton, Transvaal, May 6th, 1913 (H. K. Muuro).
? , Maritzburg, Natal, 1917 (K. H. Barnard).
<J 9 , Krautzkop, Natal, November, 1917 (K. H. Barnard).
? , Arcturus, Salisbury, Rhodesia, 1916 (Dr. Melle).
The wing is shown on Plate III, fig. 1.

DICRANOMYIA PERINGUEYI, Alexander.

One male and two females from Oudebosch, Caledou, Cape Colony,
altitude 1500 ft., January, 1919 (K. H. Barnard). The exact locality
of the type was unknown, but it now seems probable that it came from
the same general region as the above specimens. The type seems to be
somewhat discoloured, being darker in colour than the fresh specimens
mentioned above.

DICRANOMYIA CONFUSA, sp. n.

Close to D. peringueyi ; size smaller, wing of male not exceeding
5'5 mm.; general coloration pale testaceous yellow; cell 1st M 2 small,
subquadrate.

Male. Length 4-4'l mm.; wing, 5'3-5'5 mm.

Rostrum unusually long for this genus of flies, somewhat as in the
Nearctic D. rostrifera, O. S. ; the condition is very similar to that found
in D. peringueyi, being a little more than half the length of the head ;
rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scapal segments
pale brownish-yellow, the flagellum dark brown ; basal flagellar
segments short-oval, gradually lengthening to the end of the organ.
Head dark grey.

Thorax pale yellowish testaceous, the praescutum with an indistinct
pale median stripe. Pleura dull yellow. Halteres dark brown. Legs
pale yellowish testaceous, the tarsi more brownish. Wings subhyaline ;
stigma oval, brown ; veins dark brown. Venation : Sc long, extending
to about mid-length of the sector, Sc 2 at the tip of Sc l ; cell 1st M z
very small, subquadrate, the veins issuing from it correspondingly
long ; basal deflection of Cwj a little before the fork of If.

Abdominal tergites brown, the sternites more yellowish.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, $ , Krantzkop, Natal, November, 1917 (K. H. Barnard).

Paratopotypes, 2 $ .

Type in the South African Museum.

The Crane-flies of South Africa. 183

This inconspicuous Dicranomyiah&s been confused with D. perinyueyi
of Cape Colony, both species agreeing in the slightly produced rostrum
and the general features of venation. D. confusa may most readily be
told by the small size, the pale testaceous yellow coloration and the
small cell 1st Me,.

The wing is shown on Plate III, fig. 3.

DlCRANOMYIA CAPICOLA, Sp. 11.

Antennae black throughout ; mesouotal praescutum black, the
humeral regions paler ; pleura pale brown, greyish pruiuose ; wings
greyish subhyaline, veins brownish -black ; Sc long, cell 1st M. 2 closed.

Male. Length 5'5 mm.; wing 7 mm.

Female. Length about 6'2 mm.; wing 7 "4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae black, the flagellar
segments short oval. Head dark brown, grey pruinose.

Pronotum dark brown, the scutellum yellowish. Mesothorax convex.
Mesonotal praescutum brown, with a broad, shiny, brownish-black
median stripe and shorter lateral stripes that are quite confluent
behind, so almost the whole disc is of this colour; scutum brownish-
black, except the median area, which is densely buft'y polliuose ; scutel-
lum dark brown ; postuotum similar, very sparsely grey pruinose.
Pleura pale brown, greyish pruinose, especially heavy between the
fore and middle coxae. Mesosternum slightly infuscated. Halteres
brown, the knobs darker. Legs with the coxae light brownish-yellow ;
trochanters yellow ; remainder of the legs dark brown except the
extreme base of the femora, which is pale. Wings greyish subhyaline ;
stigma long-oval, brown, practically all proximad of r veins brownish-
black. Venation : Sc moderately long, Sc l ending a little beyond one-
third the length of Rs, Sc. 2 at its tip ; Rs more than twice the length
of the basal deflection of -B 4+5 , arcuated or angulated at origin ; r pale,
at the tip of R l cell 1st M 2 small, pentagonal ; cell 2nd M 2 longer than
cell J/ 3 , m being rather long and arcuated ; basal deflection of Ci^ at
or before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites uniformly dark brown, the sternites more
yellowish ; hypopygium reddish-brown. Ovipositor with the valves
rusty-chestnut.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, , Hottentot-Hollands Mountains, altitude 3000 ft.,
Caledon, Cape Colony, March, 1919 (K. H. Barnard).

Allotopotype, .

Paratype, $ , French Hoek, Cape Colony, altitude 2500-3600 ft.,
December 4th, 1916 (K. H. Barnard).

184 Annals of tJie South African Museum.

GEN. RHIPIDIA, Meigen.
EHIPIDIA AFRA, Bergroth.

Two male specimens from Krautzkop, Natal, November, 1917
(K. H. Barnard). A large male from the Hottentot-Hollands Mts.,
Caledon, Cape Colony, 1917 (K. H. Barnard). As stated by Edwards,
this species runs uncomfortably close to the genus Dicranomyia, and
should perhaps be referred to that genus.

RHIPIDIA MIOSEMA (Speiser).
1909. Limonia miosema, Speiser, SjiJstedts Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped.,

10, Dipt., pt. 4, pp. 50, 51.

A female of this species from the type-locality, Kilimandjaro, 1916
(W. West). Cedara, Natal, April 18th, 1920 (S. H. Skaife).

The wing has never been figured, and is shown on Plate III, fig. 2,

GEN. GERANOMYIA, Haliday.
1833. Entomol. Mag., vol. 1, p. 154.

SUB-GEN. MONOPHANA, Edwards.
1912. Trans. Linn. Soc. Loud., vol. 15, pt. 2, p. 200.

GERANOMYIA (MONOPHANA) STJBIMMACULATA, sp. n.

Rostrum short ; mesonotum shiny yellow with three indistinct
reddish stripes ; wings pale brown, the stigma indistinct ; r at the tip
of Ep

Female. Length, excluding the rostrum, 7'1 mm. ; wing 8 mm. ;
rostrum 1*4 mm.

Rostrum short, black ; palpi uuiarticulate, black. Antennae very
short, dark, the flagellar segments subgiobular. Head grey.

Thorax shiny yellowish, the praescutum with three rather indistinct
reddish stripes, the broad lateral stripes continued backward on to the
scutal lobes. Pleura brownish testaceous. Halteres brown. Legs
with the coxae brownish -yellow, the terminal segments of the latter
darker. Wings with an indistinct brown tinge, the costal region a
little more yellowish ; stigma indistinct ; veins dark brown. Venation
(Plate III, fig. 4) : Sc. 2 far removed from the tip of Sc v ; r at the tip
of JBj.

Abdomen dark brownish-black, the ovipositor and its valves brighter,
the sternal valves deeply split.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, ? , Krautz Kloof, Natal, June, 1916 (Marley).

The Crane-flies of South Africa. 185

Type in the South African Museum.

This species agrees closely with the type of the sub-genus, G. immacu-
lata, Edwards, in the subgeneric characters ; it is a much larger species
(immaculata, $ , length 5 mm. ; wing 5 - 5 mm.), with the venation and
coloration different. Edwards' figure of immaculata shows cross-vein
r very long and strongly deflected at its outer end.

GrEKANOMYIA (GrERANOMYIA) SEX-OCELLATA, Sp. U.

Eostrum long, black; legs brownish-black; wings with a heavy
ocellate pattern along the costal margin.

Male. Length, excluding rostrum, 7'5 mm. ; rostrum alone, 4'3 mm.;
wing, 7' 7 mm.; hind legs, femur, 6'8 mm.; tibia, 7' 7 mm.

Eostrum elongate, black, the paraglossae strongly recurved at their
tips, with sparse hairs along the margin ; palpi small, black, apparently
two-segmented ; between the paraglossae a straight, slender rod that
is deeply bifid at its apex. Antennae black, the flagellar segments
short-oval. Head blackish, discoloured in the type.

Thoracic dorsum discoloured in type, reddish-brown, paler along the
margin of the praescutum ; an indistinct darker median stripe ;
scutellum reddish-brown with a narrow median brown line ; postnotum
brownish-black. Pleura reddish-yellow, with a narrow dark brown
dorsal stripe extending from the cervical sclerites backward, becoming
indistinct beneath the wing-root. Halteres brown, the knobs dark
brown. Legs with the coxae and trochauters dull yellow, femora dark
brown, brighter at the base ; tibiae and tarsi brownish-black. Wings

o

subhyaline, the cells iu the posterior half of the wing more greyish ;
along the costal margin a series of seven brown markings, all except
the last of which possess large brownish -yellow centres to produce
an ocellate appearance; the largest of these ocellate blotches are
located at the origin of Es, tip of Sc and tip of E l ; in shape they
are broadest along the costal margin, narrowed posteriorly, the first
and third reaching vein J/, the fifth and sixth reaching -R 4 + 5 ; the
seventh, solid, marking is the smallest, located at the tip of -R 4 + 5 ;
heavy brown seams along the cord and the outer end of cell 1st N z ;
a small brown spot at the tip of 1st A and a much larger one at the
tip of 2nd A. Venation : Sc long, ending slightly before the fork of
the sector, Sc. 2 at the tip of 8^ ; Rs long, strongly angulated at its
origin, about twice the length of the deflection of -K 4 + 5 ; r at the
tip of Ej ; r-m short ; cell 1st 3/ 2 long, the veins issuing from it
short; basal deflection of Cu^ far before the fork of 31, Ci^ + M
being more than half the length of the basal deflection of Cu }
alone.

186 Annals of the South African Museum.

Abdomen dark brown, the sternites more yellowish. Ovipositor
with the tergal valves slender, straight, acieular, divergent ; sternal
valves flattened, gradually narrowed to the subacute tips.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, 9 . Oudebosch, Caledon, Cape Colony, altitude 1500 ft.,.
January, 1919 (K. H. Barnard).

Type in the South African Museum.

GrERANOMYIA (GrERANOMYIA) RUBRITHORAX, Sp. U.

General coloration reddish-orange; wings greyish-yellow, the stigma
pale brown ; 8c. 2 present ; cell 1st M long and narrow ; Cu* longer
than the basal deflection of Cu^.

Male. Length (excluding rostrum) 6'7 mm. ; wing 7 mm.

Female. Length (excluding rostrum) 7 mm. ; Aving 7'9 mm. ;.
rostrum alone 2 - 8 mm.

Eostrum long and stout, its exact length uncertain as it is broken a
short distance beyond the palpi, dark brown in colour ; palpi bi-articu-
late as in the subgenus. Antennae black throughout, the flagellar
segments short-oval with a short white pubescence ; verticils short,
secuud. Eyes large, the vertex very narrow, dark brownish-grey, the
under side of the head more yellowish.

Mesonotum reddish-orange, the praescutum without distinct darker
markings. Pleura reddish-yellow. Halteres brown, the base of the
stem pale. Legs with the coxae and trochauters yellow ; femora
brownish-yellow, the tips darker ; tibiae brown ; tarsi dark brown.
Wings with a strong greyish -yellow tinge ; stigma rather large, rather
indistinct, pale brown ; veins dark brown. Venation : Sc short, Sc l
ending a short distance beyond the origin of Rs ; Sc., distinct, some
distance from the tip of Sc^ and proximad of the origin of Rs ; Sc-^
more than one-half the length of the basal deflection of Cu^ alone ;
r indistinct, at the tip of J? 1 ; Rs strongly arcuated at origin ; basal
deflections of _K 4 + - and Ctt^ subequal ; cell 1st M 2 long and narrow,
longer than that portion of Cn l beyond it ; basal deflection of Cn l a
short distance before the fork of M ; CM,, longer than the basal
deflection of Cn-^.

Abdomen brownish-yellow. Male hypopygium orange-yellow ;
pleurites rather slender, the ventral caudal angle produced caudad
and slightly proximad into a conspicuous cylindrical fleshy lobe that
is provided with long hairs ; ventral pleural appendage fleshy, a little
shorter than the pleurites, rather narrow, the tips obtuse, the proximal
cephalic margin produced into a slender arm that bears two stout
spines before its apex ; dorsal pleural appendage moderately long,-

The Crane-flies of South Africa. 187

curved, suddenly narrowed before the acute tips ; penis-guard and
gonapophyses relatively small.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, <?, French Hoek, Cape Colony, altitude 2500-3600 ft.,
December 4th, 1916 (K. H. Barnard).

Allotype, 9 , Paarl, Cape Colony, October, 1919 (Eev. G. Hawke).

Types in the South African Museum.

Superficially, Geranomyia rubrithorax resembles G. subimmaculata,
sp. n., but is readily told by the two-segmented palpi and the distinct
wing-venation.

GEN. LIMNOBIA, Meigen.
LIMNOBIA IRRORATA (Enderlein).

1912. Limonia irrorata, Enderlein, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 1,

pp. 74, 75, fig. 1.

Cedara, Natal, April 16th, 1920 (S. H. Skaife).
The brown dots on the wing are much more sparse and scattered
than is usual in this species.

TRIBE ANTOCHINI.

GEN. ATAEBA, Osten Sacken.

ATARBA CAPENSIS, Alexander.

In the collection was a small male from Knysna, Cape Colony,.
October, 1916 (L. Peringuey). It agrees with the type, but is con-
siderably smaller, with narrower wings. The length is only 3'6 mm.,
the wing 3*8 mm. ; subcosta is short, ending before the origin of the
sector. In spite of these discrepancies I believe the specific reference
as given above to be correct.

GEN. OEIMAEGULA, Mik.
1883. Wiener Entomol. Zeitung, vol. 2, p. 198.

ORIMARGULA TRANSVAALIA, sp. n.

General coloration reddish- yellow or greyish-brown; wings milky
white without a distinct stigma.

Male. Length 3'5 mm. ; wing 4'6 mm.

Rostrum light yellow, on the nasal region with a few long hairs ;
the labium long, brownish-yellow ; maxillary palpi long, the base light
brown, soon passing into black. Antennae with the scape brownish-
yellow, the flagellar segments oval, black, with a long coarse white
pubescence. Head light grey.

188 Annals of the South African Museum.

Cervical region very long and narrow. Mesonotum pale greyish-
yellow with a sparse whitish bloom, most distinct on the scutum.
Pleura yellowish with a sparse white bloom. Halteres pale. Legs
yellowish, the tips of the femora slightly brownish, tips of the tibiae
narrowly blackened ; apical tarsal segment brownish. Wings milky
grey or white, veins brown, those along the costa more yellowish ;
anal[angle square, prominent. Venation : Costa incrassated near the
end of R ; R ending nearly opposite mid-length of the deflection of
B 4 + 5 ; Rs straight or even slightly convex ; R.-, + s very weak, tending
to atrophy ; r present, a little more than its own length beyond the
fork of Rs ; r-m longer than the petiole of cell Jf 3 , but shorter than
the basal deflection of Cu^ ; basal deflection of Cu^ inserted slightly
beyond the level of the fork of Rs, the fusion of Gu^ and M s being a
little shorter than the deflection of -R 4 + 5 .

Abdominal tergites brownish-yellow, the segments with broad
posterior margins of dirty silvery.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, <?, Komati Poort, Eastern Transvaal, November, 1918
(E. W. Tucker).

Paratopotypes, 3 <$ .

Type in the South African Museum.

The paratypes represent a greyish-brown dimorphic form in which
the entire body is much darker than in the type described. A very
similar condition is found in the related genus Antocha.

This tiny species differs from the much larger genotype, O. alpigena,
Mik (Austrian Alps), in general coloration, the lack of a stigma and
in the venational details, i.e. the slightly convex radial sector, r far
proximal of r-m; the long basal deflection of R 4 + r> and fused portion
of Cttj + M, and the shorter but more divergent branches that
enclose cell M 3 .

GEN. ELEPHANTOMYIA, Osteu Sackeu.

ELEPHANTOMYIA INSULARIS PSEUDOSIMILIS, sub-sp. n.

General coloration dark with a grey pruiuosity ; legs dark brown ;
wings greyish with a heavy brown pattern along the cord and outer
end of cell 1st M 2 .

Sex ?. Rostrum 6'5 mm. ; wing 7 - 8 mm. ; head and thorax com-
bined 2*6 mm. ; fore legs femur 6'7 mm., tibia 9 mm.

Rostrum long and slender, dark brownish-black, including the small
mouth-parts and palpi. Antennae black, the first flagellar segment
paler, brown ; the enlarged conical first segment of the flagellum is

The Crane-flies of South Africa. 189

made up of the fusion of two segments, there being twelve segments
beyond it, the first of these very short-cylindrical, the remainder
gradually elongated ; verticils short, scarcely exceeding the pale
pubescence, except on the last four segments, where they are greatly
elongated and vei'y conspicuous. Eyes large, contiguous beneath, the
vertex greatly narrowed ; vertex grey, lightest on the front ; this
region of the head is apparently discoloured, aud the whole vertex
may be light grey.

Neck elongate. Mesouotum dark, the praescutum with three darker
stripes ; a pale area between the scutal lobes ; any pruinosity of the
thorax is destroyed, but small areas persisting ou the pleura show that
this region at least is light grey pruinose. Halteres brown, the stems
paler. Legs with the coxae pale, the fore coxae with the outer face
darkened, trochanters brown ; femora dark brown, more yellowish at
the base ; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings with a pale greyish
tinge, the costal and subcostal cells more yellowish ; a large rounded
brown spot at the origin of Rs ; broad brown seams along the cord
and outer end of cell 1st J/., ; stigma elongate-oval, brown ; veins
dark brown. Venation : Sc ending just before the fork of Rs, Sc% at
the tip of Sc } ; R. 2 + y, long, running parallel to R+ + -, so that cell -B 3 is
scarcely widened at'the wing margin; cell 1st J/., large, basal deflection
of Cw-i at about two-fifths of its length.

Abdomen broken beyond the first segment, which is greyish.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, sex ?, Oudebosch, Caledon, Cape Colony, altitude 1500 ft.,
January, 1919 (K. H. Barnard).

Type in the South African Museum.

This fly is closely related to the larger typical form, E. insularis,
Edwards, of the Seychelles Islands, but seemingly represents a distinct
race. The rostrum is shorter, the thorax not ochraceous, in a little
shorter than the outer deflection of M 3 , etc. Unfortunately Edwards
does not figure the venation or describe it in detail. The present fly
almost reproduces the venation of the genotype, E. westwoodi, O. S.
(North-Eastern North America), except that the radial sector and cell
1st J/o are considerably longer. The wings of this new Elephantomyia
superficially resemble those of Rhamphidia capensis, Alex., in the
nature of the brown pattern. Besides the generic characters, however,
the present insect is readily told by the lack of brown markings
proximad of the sector and by the cell R^ not being widened at the
wing margin.

190 Annals of the South African Museum.

TRIBE ERIOPTERINI.

GEN. EEIOPTEEA, Meigen.
SUB-GEN. EMPEDA, Osten Sackeu.

ERIOPTERA (EMPEDA) BONAE SPEI, Alexander.
Two females from M'fongosi, Zululand, May, 1917 (W. E. Joues).

ERIOPTERA (EMPEDA) CLAUSA, sp. n.

Size very small, wing of the male 3 mm. ; general coloration
yellowish-brown ; wings subhyaliue ; cell 1st AT, closed, basal deflec-
tion of Cu l far beyond the fork of M.

Male. Length about 2 mm ; wing 3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae brown, the flagellar
segments oval with moderately long verticils and a coarse white
pubescence. Head brown. Eyes with large, coarse ommatidia.

Prouotum dark, the sides of the prouotal scutellum almost white.
Mesonotal praescutum dark brown, the broad lateral margins and the
humeral region somewhat brighter ; pseudosutural foveae large, con-
spicuous ; scutum with the lobes dark brown, the median area paler ;
scutellum projecting, dark brown, margined caudallywith dull yellow;
postnotum dark brown. Pleura dull yellowish, with two indistinct dark
brown stripes, one on either side of a yellowish line that extends from
behind the fore coxae to the base of the halteres ; sternum dull yellow.
Halteres very large, brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the
coxae and trochanters dull yellow ; remainder of the legs pale brown.
Wings with a faint darker tinge, the stigma pale brown, indistinct ;
veins dark brown. Venation : Sc rather short, ending before mid-
length of the sector, Sc, 2 almost at the tip of Sc l and subequal to it;
cell 1st M. 2 closed, rather long and narrow ; basal deflection of Cu v far
beyond the fork of M, at about two-fifths the length of cell 1st M.,.

Abdomen dull brownish-yellow, the lateral margins darker brown.
Pleurites of the male hypopygium apparently with three slender
appendages ; outer appendage longest, shaped as a pale, flattened,
compressed arm that resembles the blade of a cutlass ; the second
appendage is somewhat similarly shaped but much smaller ; the third
appendage is heavily chitinised, slender, slightly bent, the tip acutely
pointed. The type is unique, and the structure of the hypopygium
can only be discussed in the general terms given above.

^Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, 3 , French Hoek, Cape Colony, altitude 2500-3600 feet,
December 4th, 1916 (K. H. Barnard).

The Crane-fiefi of South Africa. 191

Type in the South African Museum.

This tiny crane-fly is related to the much larger E. bonae spei,
Alexander (South Africa), but is readily told by the closed cell 1st Ma
a character possessed by most European species and two Nearctic
species of the sub-genus Empeda.

SUB-GEN. ERIOPTERA, Meigen.
ERIOPTERA (ERIOPTERA) PERINGUEYI, Bergroth.
A female from Krantzkop, Natal, November, 1917 (K. H. Barnard).

ERIOPTERA (ERIOPTERA) CLARIPENNIS, sp. n.

Coloration dark brownish-black, dusted with grey ; wings sub-
hyaline, the extreme base yellowish, veins dark brown ; cell 1st Mo
open, second anal vein short, straight.

Female?. Length 3 mm.; wing 4 - 4 mm. Fore leg, femur 1'8 mm.;
tibia 2*3 mm.; hind leg, femur 2'1 mm., tibia 2'4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black. Antennae dark brown,
the flagellar segments oval, densely clothed with an erect pale
pubescence. Head dark, sparsely dusted with grey.

Prouotum with the scutum dark, dusted with grey, the scutellum
clear yellow on the sides, infumed medially above. Mesouotum black,
dusted with grey ; scutellum broad, the apical third conspicuously dull
yellow. Pleura dark, sparsely dusted with grey. Halteres brown.
Legs with the coxae small, dull yellowish-brown ; trochanters pale
brown ; fore femora dark brown except the extreme bases, which are
paler ; tibiae and tarsi dark brown ; middle and hind legs similar but
the femora brown, darkened at the tips. Wings greyish subhyaline ;
stigma indistinct ; veins dark brown, slender and very distinct ; extreme
base of wing yellowish. Venation (Plate III, fig. 10) : Sc* not greatly
removed from the tip of 8c l ; r present, connecting R 2 some distance
beyond the fork of -R 3 + 3 ; -Ro + 3 moderately long, a little longer than
r-m ; Rs long, straight ; basal deflection of -B 4 + 5 , r-m and the deflec-
tion of M l + 2 short, in alignment; cell 1st M., open by the atrophy of
m ; basal deflection of Cu v inserted at or slightly beyond mid-length of
vein M" 3 ; second anal vein straight. In its general features the
venation suggests E. laticeps, Alex., or E. pilipennis, Alex. (Western
United States). The condition of the second anal vein is more like
the subgeuus Acyphotia, and this group of species may be considered
as belonging there, although the appearance of the species is quite
different from typical Acyphonae.

Abdomen dark brownish-black, the pleural region yellowish.
Hypopygium dull brownish-yellow, the valves blunt. In the unique

192 Annals of the South African Museum.

specimen at hand I cannot determine the sex without dissection. From
the geuitalia of the dried specimen it does not seem to be a male, but
the fleshy valves ai-e quite different from the usual type of ovipositor
in the genus Erioptera, more resembling the condition in Cylindrotoma,
Styringomyia, some Tipula, etc. With this statement I have discussed
the specimen above as being a female.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, ? ?, Ceres Division, Matroosberg, altitude 3500 ft.,
January, 1917 (E. M. Lightfoot).

Type in the South African Museum.

Erioptera claripennis is related to E. nigrolatera, Alex. (Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 6, p. 31, 1920) of Nyasaland, described since
the above was written.

ERIOPTERA (ERIOPTERA) FUMIPENNIS, sp. n.

Coloration medium brown, the abdomen darker ; wings strongly
inf umed ; cell 1st M 2 open by the atrophy of m ; basal deflection of Cwj
before the fork of M\ second anal vein slightly sinuous near its tip.

Female. Length 4 - 2 mm. ; wing 4 mm. ; hind leg, femur 3 mm.,
tibia 3'1 mm.

Eostrum light yellowish-brown ; palpi short, dark brown, the seg-
ments with long black setae, the fourth segment at the apex with three
very long setae. Antennae moderately elongated, dark brown, the
first flagellar segment a little paler ; segments of the flagellum elongate-
oval with moderately long black verticils. Head brown.

Pronotum prominent, brown, the lateral portions of the scutum and
scutellum more yellowish ; sides of the prouotal scutum with several
long, coarse bristles. Mesonotal praescutum brown, without stripes ;
pseudosutural foveae conspicuous, dark brown ; tuberculate pits about
on a level with the cephalic ends of the foveae, separated from one
another by a distance about equal to one and one-half times the
diameter of one ; a few setae on the praescutal interspaces, including
two long ones cephalad of the foveae ; remainder of the mesouotum
brown. Pleura pale brown, the mesepipleura a little more yellowish.
Halteres brownish-yellow, the knobs darker, elongate and very large.
Legs with the coxae and trochauters brown ; remainder of the legs
light brown. Wings with a strong brownish-grey suffusion ; stigma
indistinct ; veins dark brown. The veins, with the exception of r, r-m
and the basal deflection of Cu lt are provided with long black setae.
Venation: Sc moderately long, ending just before the fork of R 2 -\- 3 ',
Sc<i very far removed from the tip of Sc lt only a short distance beyond
the origin of the long, straight sector; -B 2 + 3 moderately long, about

The Crane-flies of South Africa. 193

equal to r-tn ; r on R. 2 , the distance on R., between it and the fork of
R.y+ySt, little less than r-m ; r-tn a little more distad than the basal
deflection of R 4 -\- : ^; basal deflection of Cu\ inserted a short distance
before the fork of M, this distance varying from a little shorter to a
little longer than r ; fusion of H. A and Cu^ a little longer than the basal
deflection of the latter; 2nd A long, almost straight, on the distal
fourth slightly siimated as in the subgenus.

Abdomen uniform dark brown with numerous coarse setae; ovipositor
yellowish-brown, long, the tergal valves longest, moderately curved,
the margins smooth ; sternal valves short, very slightly curved to
almost straight, the tips acute.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, 2 , Lydeuburg, Transvaal (P. Kroeger).

Type in the South African Museum.

A teneral male from Krantzkop, Natal, November, 1917 (K. H.
Barnard), is somewhat injured, but agrees in all essentials with the
type female above described. It may be considered as being the
allotype.

GEN. MOLOPHILUS, Curtis.
1833. British Entomology, p. 444.

MOLOPHILUS EKIOPTEKOIDES, sp. u.

Coloration dark brownish-black, the body heavily dusted with grey;
body and wings densely hairy ; wings with the anal angle lacking or
nearly so; Rs in alignment with vein _R 3 ; basal deflection of Cu { before
the fork of M.

Male. Length T8 mm. ; wing 3"2-3'3 mm.

Kostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scapal segments
large, dark brownish-black, the second segment globular or a little
longer than broad ; flagellum broken ; the condition of the scape would
indicate an elongate antenna. Head dark brownish -grey with coarse
brownish-yellow hairs; a narrow clear grey line along the inner margin
of the eyes.

Praescutum grey, with three broad brownish stripes ; remainder of
the thorax blackish, heavily dusted with grey. Halteres rather short,
the knobs large, dark brown. Legs with the coxae blackish, heavily
grey pruiuose ; trochanters brown ; remainder of the legs dark brown.
Wings with a faint brown tinge, a little darker in the region of the
stigma ; veins dark brown. Anal angle of the wings lacking or
approximately so, the posterior margin from the base to about mid-
length being almost straight. Venation (Plate III, fig. 12) : S^ long,

194 Annals of the South African Museum.

terminating some distance beyond the end of the sector ; Sc. 2 far
removed from the tip of Sc, so that S^ is almost as long as the
sector ; r indistinct, inserted on R 2 just beyond its origin ; Rs in a
straight line with R 3 ; R 2 strongly arcuated at origin ; r-m a little
longer than the deflection of R 4 + b ; cell 1st M z open by the atrophy
of m; basal deflection of Cu-^ before the fork of N; fusion of veins
M 3 and Cu^ i. e. the petiole of cell M.^, about one-third the length of
the cell ; second anal vein short, ending opposite the basal portion
of the sectoi'.

Abdomen dark, sparsely dusted with grey ; hypopygium somewhat
paler brown.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, , Hottentot-Hollands Mts., 4000 ft., Caledon, Cape
Colony, 1917 (K. H. Barnard).

Type in the South African Museum.

This small fly is of considerable interest. It presents many features
in agreement with the Seychelles Taslocera minutissima, Edwards, but
is a rather larger fly. Sc 2 is present, though far retracted. The
principal character given to separate Molophilns from Erioptera is the
fact that the sector apparently ends in cell R z , whereas in Erioptera it
ends in cell R 3 . In the present insect the sector is in direct alignment
with vein R s and consequently does not end in any cell. This feature
is approximated by some Molophilus (ursimis) from Eastern North
America.

GEN. TEIMICEA, Osten Sackeu.
TRIMICRA INCONSPICUA, Loew.

The following additional records are at hand :

< 9 > Cape Town, Cape Colony, September, 1913 (L. Periuguey).

c ? , Knysna, Cape Colony, October, 1916 (L. Peringuey).

<J 9 , Barbertou, Transvaal, May 8th-15th, 1913 (H. K. Munro).

<J <$ , Junction of the Crocodile and Marico Eivers, Transvaal,
February, 1918 (E. Tucker).

$ <J, Maritzburg, Natal, December 18th, 1917 (S. G. Rich).

As stated in my earlier paper, it seems probable that this species is
the same as Limnobia lanuginipes, Walker; two of the above specimens
are almost as large as the figures given for lanuginipes (male, length
8'5 mm. ; wing 10'5 mm.). Moreover it is probable that both of the
names above used are synonyms of Limnobia capensis, Macquart, the
description of which agrees very well with the present insect. The
various types should be consulted, if possible, before any positive
statement of synonymy is made.

The Crane-flies of South Africa. 195

SUB-GEN. TRICHOTKIMICEA, sub-gen, n.

Antennae with sixteen segments, the flagellar segments gradually
narrowed to the end of the organ. Wings with the entire surface
pubescent ; vein Sc rather short, ending about opposite mid-length of
the sector ; cell 1st M z closed, small ; legs with the pubescence long
but not conspicuous, subappressed.

Type of the sub-genus: Trimicra (Trichotrirnicra) hirtipennis, sp. n.
(Southern Ethiopian region).

The small fly upon which this new group is based bears a strong
resemblance to certain species of the genus Ormosia, especially some
Holarctic species of the nigripila group ; this resemblance seems to
be due largely to analogy, and the real affinities of the insect to
be in the vicinity of Trimicra. The comparatively short subcosta
and the peculiar structure of the ovipositor will serve to separate this
fly from the species of Ormosia that resemble it.

TRIMICRA (TRICHOTRIMICRA) HIRTIPENNIS, sp. n.

General coloration reddish-brown ; wings nearly hyaline, the costal
region more yellowish ; wings covered with a short dense pubescence.

Female. Length about 3'3 mm. ; wing 4'8 mm.

Rostrum light yellow ; palpi dark brown. Antennae pale brownish
testaceous, the flagellar segments cylindrical, covered with a long,
coarse, pale pubescence and sparse black verticils ; flagellar segments
becoming more slender and a little longer toward the end of the organ.
Head pale brownish-yellow, with long erect hairs.

Pronotum pale, on either side a little tumid, and here provided
with a tuft of from eight to ten very long yellow hairs. Mesonotal
praescutum uniform reddish-brown, the lateral margins narrowly
whitish ; interspaces with long erect yellowish hairs ; pseudosutural
foveae pale ; tuberculate pits rather large, located almost on a level
with the foveae, separated from one another by a distance that varies
from a little less than the diameter of one to nearly twice this distance:
scutum dark brown ; scutellum brown, broadly margined caudally with
yellowish testaceous ; postnotum brown, very sparsely pruinose. Pleura
reddish-brown, sparsely grey pruiuose. Halteres with the stem yellow,
the knobs brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters very pale
yellow, provided with long yellow hairs ; femora and tibiae yellow, the
pubescence long but subappressed ; tarsi pale, the terminal segments
darker. "Wings hyaline, the costal region pale yellow ; stigma indistinct ;
veins brown, C, Sc and R pale ; a rather dense pubescence in all the
cells of the wing. Venation .- Sc short, ending opposite or very slightly

196 Annals of the South African Museum.

beyond mid-length of the sector ; r on .R., just beyond the fork ; cell
\st Mo small, about as long 1 as the basal deflection of Cu^, which is
inserted at the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites pale brown, sternites yellow. Ovipositor with
the tergal valves very slender, almost acicular, subfleshy, delicately
pubescent, slightly upcurved before their tips ; sternal valves pale,
very flattened and compressed, approximately as long as the tergal
valves.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, $, Krantzkop, Natal, November, 1917 (K. H. Barnard).

Paratopotype, 9

Type in the South African Museum.

GEN. PLATYLIMNOBIA, Alexander.
PLATYLIMNOBIA PUMILA, sp. n.

Size small (male, length 2'6 mm.) ; general coloration brownish-black
including the hypopygiurn ; antennae with but nine flagellar segments,
the last more elongated than the others.

Male, Length, 2'6 mm. ; hind leg, femur 2-8 mm., tibia 3"2 mm.

Eostrum and palpi dark. Antennae black ; scapal segments large ;
flagellar segments (Plate IV, fig. 22) nine in number, oval-cylindrical,
rather crowded, the terminal segment a little narrowed, elongate, about
as long as the two preceding taken together. Head with the eyes small,
widely separated ; ommatidia very coarse. Head dark, sparsely dusted.

Thorax dark, dusted with grey. Pleura paler. Legs with the coxae
and trochauters rather light yellowish-brown, especially the posterior
pair ; remainder of the legs black.

Abdomen dark brownish -black ; hypopygium large, black.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, $ , Hottentot-Hollands Mts., Caledon, Cape Colony, 1917
(K. H. Barnard).

Type in the South African Museum.

This interesting species is undoubtedly related to the genotype,
Platylimnobia barnardi, Alexander, but is only about one-half as large
(in barnardi the middle leg shows the following measurements : femur
6'4mm., tibia 6 mm.) and almost entirely blackish in colour. The
antennae are but 11-segmented. In the material of P. barnardi I
believed that I could distinguish 16 segments, there being 14 flagellar
segments ; the material has since been returned to the South African
Museum and I cannot confirm the statement at this time, but would
indicate the possibility of a mistaken observation. P. barnardi has the

The Crane-flies of South Africa. 197

abdomen light yellowish-brown, including the hypoygium, in the male
with a dark brown subterminal ring on segment 8 and the end of
segment 7.

GEN. PODONEURA Bergroth.

PODONEURA ANTHRACOGRAMMA, Bergroth.

The following additional distribution is shown in the material

available for study :

$ , Cape Town, Cape Colony, January, 1918 (Cowper).

$ , Kranzkop, Natal, November, 1917 (K. H. Barnard.)

J, Salisbury, Ehodesia, March 21st, 1901 (P. L. Snow); in the

collection of Kansas University.

GEN. GONG MYIA, Meigen.
GONOMYIA (GONOMYIA) SULPHURELLOIDES, sp. n.

Somewhat resembling G. sulphurella (O.S.) of the Eastern United
States ; mesonotum yellow, the praescutum with three dark brown
stripes ; pleura with two narrow dark brown stripes ; legs dull brownish-
yellow, the tarsal segments darker ; wings greyish ; Sc ending far
before the origin of the sector ; cell R. 2 very small ; cell 1st M 2
narrowed at its inner end.

Female. Length about 4'5 mm. ; wing 5'1 mm.

Head broken.

Mesonotum light yellow, the praescutum with three dark brown
stripes that are entirely confluent behind ; the median area behind the
median stripe yellowish ; scutal lobes brown, the median area yellow ;
scutellum dark basally, the apex broadly yellowish ; postnotum brown,
yellow laterally. Pleura yellow with two narrow dark brown
longitudinal stripes, the yellow stripe thus enclosed broad ; the dorsal
brown stripe begins above the fore coxa and passes just beneath the
halteres ; the ventral stripe is grey pruiuose, and occupies the end of
the fore coxa and suffuses the sides of the mesosterna. Halteres pale.
Legs with the coxae dull yellow except as described above ; trochanters
dull yellow ; remainder of the legs dull brownish-yellow, only the apical
tarsal segments dark brown. Wings with a strong greyish tinge ;
stigma indistinct, veins dark brown. Venation (Plate III, fig. 11):
Sc short, ending far before the origin of the sector, this distance about
equal to r-m ; cell J? 2 very small as in G. sidpliiirella; cell 1st J/,,
narrowed at the inner end ; basal deflection of (Jwj at the fork of If.

Abdominal tergites brown, the posterior margins of the segments
dull yellow ; sternites brownish-yellow.

Habitat. South Africa.

198 AniKth of the 8o'/iflt African Museum.

Holotype, $, Krauzkop, Natal, November, 1917 (K. H. Barnard).
Type in the South African Museum.

GONOMYIA (GONOMYIA) MIMETICA, sp. n.

Eelated to G. siibcinerea (O.S.) of the Eastern United States ; general
coloration grey, the thoracic pleura yellowish, the sternum brownish.

Male. Length about 4'5 mm. ; wing 5'2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black, the terminal flagellar
segments elongated. Head dark, greyish pruinose.

Thoracic dorsum grey, the praescutal stripes ill-defined. Pleura
yellow, the mesosterna brownish. Halteres long, pale, the knobs a
little darker. Legs with the coxae and trochauters dull yellow ;
remainder of the legs pale brown, the tarsi darker. Wings greyish
subhyaline ; stigma distinct but rather pale ; veins dark brown.
Venation (Plate III, fig. 14) : Sc ending just beyond the origin of the
sector; Its long, oblique, a little sinuous before mid-length; -R 2 + 3
arcuated; deflection of -R 4 + . 3 punctiform ; cell 1st M., closed; basal
deflection of Cu\ at the fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown, more yellowish laterally ; hypopygium
yellow. Male hypopygium with the pleurites moderately elongated,
the dorsal angle produced caudad into a rather stout pale lobe that
bears a few scattered hairs ; ventral pleural appendage a long, slender,
pale lobe that is covered with pale hairs ; dorsal pleural appendage
stout, subcircular, the distal end produced into a short, blunt tubercle
that bears a few hairs ; the caudal margin is chitinised and produced
into a powerful curved hook that bends dorsad and finally slightly
cephalad (Plate IV, fig. 23). Penis-guard elongate, compressed, deeply
notched beyond mid-length, exceeding the tips of the pleurites ; from
near its base projects an elongate, slender, heavily chitiuised rod that
is acutely pointed at its tip.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, $ , Kranzkop, Natal, November, 1917 (K. H. Barnard).

Paratype, J, New Hanover, Natal, November 29th, 1914(0. B.
Hardeuberg) ; Montagu, Cape Colony, October, 1919 (R. W. Tucker).

Type in the South African Museum.

GONOMYIA (GONOMYIA) TUCKEEI, sp. n.

Colour brownish -grey, the praescutal stripes rather indistinct ;
antennae black ; legs dark brown ; wings with a faint yellowish tinge ;
Sc long, extending to opposite mid-length of Bs ; cell ~Lst M z open by
the atrophy of the outer deflection of M. t ; basal deflection of Cu-^ far
before the fork of M.

Cnine-lHe* of SoutJi Africa. 199

Sex?. Wing, 6'4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black. Antennae black, the
flagellar segments long-oval. Head grey, more reddish along the inner
margin of the eye.

Mesonotum brownish-grey, the praescutum with the stripes indis-
tinct ; scutellum yellow, dark brown anteriorly. Pleura pale greyish-
white, indistinctly marked with darker blotches. Halteres pale. Legs
with the coxae dull yellow, the outer face more brownish ; trochanters
dull yellow ; remainder of the legs dark brown, darkest on the tarsi.
Wings with a faint yellow tinge, the stigma indistinct ; veins pale
yellowish-brown, the costal veins more yellowish. Venation : Sc }
elongate, ending just beyond mid-length of the long, arcuate sector ;
Sc. 2 retreated, located just before the origin of Ks ; -B 2 + 3 long, gently
arcuated ; Re, oblique ; cell R* large ; cell \st If, open by the atrophy
of the outer deflection of M 3 ; cell If 3 deep ; basal deflection of Cu-^
far before the fork of M, the fusion with M greater than the deflection
alone.

Abdomen broken beyond the first segment.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, sex?, Komati Poort, Eastern Transvaal, November, 1918
(R. W. Tucker).

Type in the South African Museum.

In its venation G. tuckeri agrees almost exactly with G. mathesoni,
Alex. (North-eastern North America) . In both species $e 3 is retreated
far back from the tip of /S'c 1 so that it lies just proximad of the origin
of the sector. Such species would run to the tribe Pediciini in the
keys to the family.

This interesting fly is dedicated to its collector, Mr. R. W. Tucker.

GrONOMYIA (GrONOMYELLA) FLAVEOLA, Sp. n.

Front yellow, vertex dark grey ; thorax yellow, the praescutum with
three dark brown stripes ; legs largely yellow, the tips of the femora
and tibiae darkened ; wings tinged with yellow ; Sc long ; basal deflec-
tion of Cii^ just before the fork of M.

Female. Length, 5'8-6'3 mm. ; wing, 6-6'5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the basal seg-
ments yellowish, the remainder of the organ dark brown ; flagellar
segments oval. Front dull yellow ; vertex dark grey pruinose.

Thorax yellow, the praescutum with three dark brown stripes that are
confluent behind ; pseudosutural f oveae large, conspicuous, triangular,
shiny dark brown ; scutum with the lobes largely dark ; scutellum dull
brownish -yellow ; postuotum dark brown, the sides more yellowish.

200 Annals of the South African Museum. ,

Pleura dull brownish -yellow. Halteres short, yellow. Legs stout, the
coxae and trochanters dull yellow, femora and tibiae dull yellow,
narrowly tipped with dark brown ; tarsi brown, darkest on the
terminal segments. Wings with a strong yellow tinge ; stigma indis-
tinct ; veins yellow and brownish-yellow, brightest at the base of the
wing and in the costal area. Venation (Plate III, fig. 13) : Sc long,
ending at about two-thirds the length of the sector ; $c 2 removed to
some distance from the tip of Sc-^ ; Its very long, almost straight ; r
inserted at about mid-length of the short _K 2 + 3 ; cell le M 2 open by
the atrophy of the outer deflection of M. A ; in a paratype the m cross-
vein is likewise atrophied, leaving the end of M.^ suspended in the
membrane ; basal deflection of Ci^ before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites brown or yellowish-brown, the posterior margins
of the segments broadly ringed with dull yellow ; sternites yellow, the
segments narrowly and indistinctly ringed with paler.

Habitat. South Africa.

Holotype, ? ,Kuysna, Cape Colony, October, 1916 (L. Peringney).

Paratopotypes, two 9 ?

Type in the South African Museum.

This species is most closely allied to G. natalensie, Alex., but is
readily told by the diagnostic characters given above.

GrONOMYIA (GoNOMYELLA) PULCHRISSIMA, sp. H.

Black ; pleura yellow with two black stripes ; abdominal tergites
banded with brown and yellow ; wings subhyaline, cell R% deep, tip of
vein 3/3 hanging free in the membrane.

Male. Length 3'4 mm. ;